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Vijay S, Vyas A, Lokhandwala Y. Danger of an Over-the-Counter Panacea. Circulation 2024; 149:332-334. [PMID: 38252740 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.068025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aniruddha Vyas
- Department of Cardiology, Vishesh Jupiter Hospital, Indore, India (A.V.)
| | - Yash Lokhandwala
- Department of Cardiology, Holy Family Hospital, Mumbai, India (Y.L.)
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Halder A, Vijay S, Kolamkar Y, Kumble YM, Lokhandwala Y. Clinical profile and electrophysiological characteristics of atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: A decade's experience. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2024; 24:25-29. [PMID: 37839730 PMCID: PMC10928009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical features and inducibility characteristics of atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and compare it with typical AVNRT. BACKGROUND AVNRT is the commonest form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The mechanism of AVNRT is very varied. Several classification systems evolved with better understanding but a simplified approach of classification into typical and atypical AVNRT is justifiable and clinically more relevant. In our study, we have assessed the epidemiological profile of atypical AVNRT in a single institute over 10 years and analysed pertinent electrophysiological characteristics. METHOD In this retrospective observational single center study we analysed data of all AVNRT cases from January 2011 to June 2021. In our study we classified atypical AVNRT and typical AVNRT based on the HA interval; HA≤70 ms in the His bundle region during tachycardia was considered as typical AVNRT. Other parameters were also analysed during tachycardia, such as: induction by atrial or ventricular pacing, AH/HA ratio, tachycardia cycle length and site of the earliest atrial activation. The demographic profile of the patients were also compared between 2 groups. RESULTS Atypical AVNRT was found in 75/1431 patients (5.2%) of all cases of AVNRT. The age of patients with atypical AVNRT was 52.4 ± 15.2 years (range 9-82 years) while that for typical AVNRT it was 48.2 ± 15.7 years (2-89 years), p = 0.023. There was no gender difference. Atypical AVNRT was induced by only ventricular extrastimuli (VES) in 17/75 (22.6%) while in typical AVNRT this was seen in only 12/1356 patients (0.9%, p < 0.001). Induction of atypical AVNRT was seen by both atrial extrastimuli (AES) and VES in 17/75 patients (22.6%) while in typical AVNRT this was seen in 64/1356 patients (4.8%, p < 0.001). Atypical AVNRT was induced by only AES in 40/75 patients (53.3%) while in typical AVNRT this was seen in 1280/1356 patients (94.3%, p < 0.001). An AH >200 ms during tachycardia was seen in all patients with typical AVNRT and in only 31/75 patients (41.3%) of atypical AVNRT (p < 0.00001). An interesting finding in atypical AVNRT was the earliest atrial activation at the His bundle region in 10/75 (13.3%) patients. CONCLUSION Atypical AVNRT prevalence depends on the way it is classified; this was 5.2% of all AVNRT cases in our study. Typical AVNRT was seen more frequently in comparatively younger age group and was more often induced by AES. Atypical AVNRT was much more commonly induced by only VES compared to typical AVNRT. It was not so unusual in atypical AVNRT to find the earliest atrial activation in the His bundle region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashesh Halder
- Department of Cardiology Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Kolkata, India.
| | | | - Yogesh Kolamkar
- Department of Cardiology, Holy Family Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Veeraraghavan S, Kidambi BR, Reddy SK, Vijay S, Munisingh A, Ponnangati V. Feud, Flower, and Fatal Electrocardiograms. Cureus 2024; 16:e52531. [PMID: 38371160 PMCID: PMC10874468 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Oleander is a prevalent tropical plant used in many parts of India for deliberate self-harm. The active ingredients act in a mechanism similar to cardiac glycosides; hence, the toxicological profile is similar to digoxin toxicity. Cardiac toxicity occurs in the form of a heart block with concomitant ventricular arrhythmia. Identifying the distinct electrocardiographic pattern for early diagnosis and initiating emergency management is imperative. Here, we present two such interesting cases of oleander intoxication, one with Nerium oleander and the other with Thevetia peruviana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Veeraraghavan
- Cardiology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Sai Krishna Reddy
- Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, IND
| | | | - Abhilasha Munisingh
- Cardiology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, IND
| | - Vasundhara Ponnangati
- Cardiology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, IND
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Kidambi BR, Veeraraghavan S, Vijay S. Wandering ST-Segment in Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Einthoven's Twist. Cureus 2023; 15:e50089. [PMID: 38186460 PMCID: PMC10770575 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Interpretation of the ST-segment axis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) plays a crucial role in identifying the culprit artery and optimizing revascularization strategies. In certain conditions, the ST-segment axis may abruptly change during management, creating diagnostic confusion, provoking unnecessary workups, and causing treatment delays. Some reported causes of wandering ST-segment include lead misplacement, progressive injury, coronary vasospasm, migration of the thrombus, and aortic dissection. Here we describe two exciting cases of wandering ST-segment axis in acute coronary syndrome and its management.
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Vijay S, Kumble YM, Patodia A, Lokhandwala Y. A double tachycardia: Two swords do not fit in one scabbard: Double trouble. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:1565-1567. [PMID: 37904607 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ansul Patodia
- Department of Cardiology, Holy Family Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Kidambi BR, Veeraraghavan S, Vijay S. Answer: Capecitabine, chest pain, and the culprit? Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2023; 12:804. [PMID: 37933618 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
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Vijay S, Bansal R, Kidambi BR, Naik N. A unique location of the accessory pathway in a child with permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023. [PMID: 37971873 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) is a rare supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT) due to an accessory pathway (AP), characterized by slow and decremental retrograde conduction, which is predominantly seen in infants and children. Although the typical site of AP in PJRT is a right posteroseptal region around or just within the coronary sinus (CS), atypical sites of AP have been described. We report a rare case of PJRT in a 7-year-old girl with an AP located in the superio-paraseptal (Para-Hsian) region that was successfully ablated through a non-coronary sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raghav Bansal
- Department of cardiology, U N Mehta Institute of Cardiology & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bharath Raj Kidambi
- Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, India
| | - Nitish Naik
- Department of cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kidambi BR, Veeraraghavan S, Vijay S. Question: Capecitabine, chest pain, and the culprit? Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2023; 12:802-803. [PMID: 37882138 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
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Vijay S, Patodia A, Lokhandwala Y. Adenosine-sensitive perinodal atrial tachycardia. What is the mechanism? Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2023; 23:91-93. [PMID: 36871891 PMCID: PMC10160748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Termination of focal atrial tachycardia with adenosine is considered a defining feature for triggered activity. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the perinodal adenosine-sensitive AT has reentry as the mechanism of tachycardia. In this report, we were able to confirm the mechanism of AT as reentry by observing the response to programmed electrical stimulation and demonstrating the fallacy of traditional teaching that the adenosine responsiveness of AT is a criterion for labeling the mechanism as triggered activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ansul Patodia
- Department of Cardiology, Holy Family Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Vijay S, Shah H, Lokhandwala Y. Recurrences of tachycardia after repeated slow pathway ablation: What is the diagnosis? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:235-237. [PMID: 36335625 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harshad Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Holy Family Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Vijay S, Deepti S, Singh S. Painful LBBB syndrome: a rare cause of angina. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e246836. [PMID: 35140085 PMCID: PMC8830201 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful left bundle branch block (LBBB) syndrome is an uncommon condition that is largely underdiagnosed. In this report, we describe a man in his 40s who had typical rate-dependent LBBB associated with angina without evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorampally Vijay
- Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Sciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Siddharthan Deepti
- Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Sciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Sciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Vijay S, Balasundaram C, Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Jaturasithaf S. Dietary plant pigment on blood-digestive physiology, antioxidant-immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 120:716-736. [PMID: 34968713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study addressed to investigate the effect of lycopene (LYC) on blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzyme activity, specific-nonspecific immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation (cytokines, heat shock proteins, vitellogenins) in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In unchallenged and challenged fish treated with 200 mg LYC enriched diet the growth performance and digestive-antioxidant enzymes increased after 30 days, whereas with inclusion of 100 or 400 mg LYC in the diets, the increase manifested on or after 45 days. No mortality in fish treated with any LYC diet against P. aeruginosa was revealed. In the unchallenged and challenged fish the phagocytic (PC) activity in head kidney (HK) and spleen were significantly enhanced when fed the control diet or other LYC diets, whereas the respiratory burst (RB) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production significantly increased when fed the 200 mg diet for 45 and 60 days. Similarly, the lysozyme (Lyz) activity in the HK and spleen, and total Ig content in serum were significantly higher in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet for 15, 45, and 60 days. Heat shock protein (Hsp 70) was significantly improved in the uninfected group fed the 200 mg LYC diet for 45 and 60 days, but Hsp27 did not significantly change among the experimental groups at any time points. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA pro-inflammatory cytokine expression significantly increased in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet after 45 and 60 days, while the IL-12 mRNA expression was moderate in both groups fed the same diet for 60 days. The IL-10 did not significant mRNA expression between groups at any sampling. The iNOS and NF-κB mRNA expression was pointedly high in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet on day 45 and 60. Vitellogenin A (VgA) mRNA was significantly higher in the uninfected fish fed the 100 and 200 mg LYC diets for 45 and 60 days, but VgB did not reveal significant difference between the treatment groups at any time points. The present results suggest that supplementation of LYC at 200 mg significantly modulate the blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzymes, specific-nonspecific immune parameters, and cytokines, Hsp, and vitellogenins in spotted snakehead against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanchai Jaturasithaf
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Kumar A, Singh R, Santhosh M, Vijay S, Surendran N, Sahu GC, George N, Nair R, Sithara A, Aswathi K, Anand A, Thavarool SB. Role of structures in the masticator space in selecting patients with resectable T4b oral cancer: findings from a survival analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:579-584. [PMID: 32861555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell cancers involving the masticatory space are staged as unresectable cancers and their treatment is difficult. Curative treatment with extensive surgery followed by adjuvant therapy is one of the treatment options. In this retrospective study, the survival of 123 patients (93 with T4a cancers, 30 with T4b cancers), treated during the period August 2009 to August 2015, was evaluated. The majority had bucco-alveolar cancers (62.6%), were male (61.8%), and were tobacco users (76.4%). The select group of T4b oral cancer patients were treated with surgery, which included infratemporal fossa clearance in all 30 patients, followed by adjuvant therapy. The masseter was the most commonly involved masticatory muscle, and 24 patients had fewer than three involved structures. Free margins were obtained in 90.2% of cases; 41.5% of cases were node-positive. One hundred and four patients (84.6%) completed adjuvant treatment. The median follow-up was 42 months. For node-negative patients with T4a and T4b cancers, the 5-year overall survival was 59% and 50.2%, respectively (P= 0.62), and 5-year disease-free survival was 64.6% and 53.5%, respectively (P= 0.01). In conclusion, the select group of patients with T4b oral cancers and less than three masticatory space structures involved had comparable outcomes to those with T4a cancers after treatment with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - M Santhosh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - N Surendran
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - G C Sahu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - N George
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - R Nair
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - A Sithara
- Department of Oncopathology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - K Aswathi
- Department of Oncopathology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - A Anand
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - S B Thavarool
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India.
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Broomfield A, Davison J, Roberts J, Stewart C, Hensman P, Beesley C, Tylee K, Rust S, Schwahn B, Jameson E, Vijay S, Santra S, Sreekantam S, Ramaswami U, Chakrapani A, Raiman J, Cleary MA, Jones SA. Ten years of enzyme replacement therapy in paediatric onset mucopolysaccharidosis II in England. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:98-105. [PMID: 31383595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of 110 patients with paediatric onset mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) since the commercial introduction of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in England in 2007 is reported. Median length of follow up was 10 years 3 months (range = 1 y 2 m to 18 years 6 month). 78 patients were treated with ERT, 18 had no ERT or disease modifying treatment 7 had haematopoietic stem cell transplant, 4 experimental intrathecal therapy and 3 were lost to follow up. There is clear evidence of improved survival (median age of death of ERT treated (n = 16) = 15.13 years (range = 9.53 to 20.58 y), and untreated (n = 17) = 11.43 y (0.5 to 19.13 y) p = .0005). Early introduction of ERT improved respiratory outcome at 16 years, the median FVC (% predicted) of those in whom ERT initiated <8 years = 69% (range = 34-86%) and 48% (25-108) (p = .045) in those started >8 years. However, ERT appears to have minimal impact on hearing, carpal tunnel syndrome or progression of cardiac valvular disease. Cardiac valvular disease occurred in 18/46 (40%), with progression occurring most frequently in the aortic valve 13/46 (28%). The lack of requirement for neurosurgical intervention in the first 8 years of life suggests that targeted imaging based on clinical symptomology would be safe in this age group after baseline assessments. There is also emerging evidence that the neurological phenotype is more nuanced than the previously recognized dichotomy of severe and attenuated phenotypes in patients presenting in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Broomfield
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
| | - J Davison
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Roberts
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - C Stewart
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Hensman
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - C Beesley
- Regional Genetics Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Tylee
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - S Rust
- Department of Psychology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - B Schwahn
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - E Jameson
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - S Vijay
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Santra
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Sreekantam
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - U Ramaswami
- Lysosomal Disorders Unit, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London NW32QG, UK
| | - A Chakrapani
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Raiman
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - M A Cleary
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Sood M, Patra B, Deep R, Kalyansundaram L, Dua S, Vijay S. Organizing inpatient services in a general hospital in times of COVID-19. Indian J Soc Psychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_247_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Vijay S, Hamide A, Senthilkumar GP, Mehalingam V. Utility of urinary biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:649-652. [PMID: 29673928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal tubulo-interstitial damage has an important role in the pathogenesis of early diabetic nephropathy. Urinary biomarkers can help in the detection of early nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin-C in type 2 diabetic patients with early diabetic nephropathy & to compare them with diabetic patients without nephropathy and to correlate urinary NGAL and cystatin-C levels with microalbuminuria in them. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional comparative study. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on 126 patients with type 2 diabetes along with 30 control subjects attending the outpatient care department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. There were 3 study groups-diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, diabetic patients without albuminuria and control subjects who were non-diabetic without any renal disease. Details on duration of diabetes and glycemic status were obtained from the patients. Urine examination was done for subjects in all the groups to look for microalbuminuria along with estimation of NGAL and cystatin-C levels. Samples were stored at -20 °C in the deep freezer. RESULTS Urinary NGAL and cystatin-C levels were significantly elevated in patients with microalbuminuria (228.18 & 3.23 ng/ml) as compared to those without albuminuria (146.12 & 2.61 ng/ml) and in control subjects (26.56 & 0.30 ng/ml). Urinary NGAL and cystatin-C levels showed a linear correlation with microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION Urinary NGAL and cystatin-C levels were increased in type 2 diabetic patients with early diabetic nephropathy as compared to patients without nephropathy. Urine NGAL and cystatin-C levels also showed a positive correlation with microalbuminuria (urine albumin-creatinine ratio) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorampally Vijay
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Abdoul Hamide
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Vadivelan Mehalingam
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
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Meecham L, Torrance A, Vijay S, Burtenshaw A, Downing R. Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Replacement in the Awake Patient. Int J Angiol 2017; 26:64-67. [PMID: 28255219 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonintubated aortic surgery using various techniques has been reported, but despite publication of favorable outcomes in select patient groups, awake aortic surgery remains unpopular. Our patient had an abdominal aortic aneurysm that was unsuitable for endovascular repair. Because of the significant respiratory disease, general anesthesia represented an unacceptably high risk. As a result, he underwent open AAA repair via a retroperitoneal approach with the aid of epidural anesthesia. Here, we highlight the benefits of the procedure which offer a select cohort of patients the chance of life-saving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meecham
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, England
| | - A Torrance
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, England
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Radiology, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, England
| | - A Burtenshaw
- Department of Anaesthesia, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, England
| | - R Downing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, England
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18
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Suresh V, Sridhar K, Vijay S, Gandhi D, Kamath S, Raghavendra K. Checklist manifesto for craniosynostosis correction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Controlled fasts can play a valuable role in the diagnosis and management of hypoglycaemia in paediatric clinical practice, but are no substitute for the collecting of appropriate critical samples at the time of hypoglycaemia for metabolic and endocrine studies. Fatty acid oxidation defects, hyperinsulinism and adrenal insufficiency should always be excluded prior to organising controlled fasts. Controlled fasts are safe if conducted in an experienced setting with strict protocols in place. Failure to adhere to protocol can defeat the purpose of the study and can potentially be dangerous. Proper planning in conjunction with the laboratory and close supervision by staff experienced in controlled fasts is crucial to ensure the best quality information is yielded from these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sreekantam
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M A Preece
- Department of Newborn Screening and Biochemical Genetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Raiman
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Santra
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Bijjawara M, Vijay S, Bidre U. Minimally invasive spine surgery: Hurdles to be crossed. IJNS 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/2277-9167.131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Spine surgery in elderly with comorbidities is reported to have higher complication rates and increased cost. However, the surgical outcome is good irrespective of the complications. Hence, it is essential to identify the factors affecting the complication rates in such patients and the measures to reduce them. This retrospective observational study determines the perioperative complications, their incidence and the measures to reduce complications in the elderly with comorbidities, operated by instrumented multilevel lumbar fusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients aged 60 years and above with one or more comorbidities operated by multilevel instrumented lumbar fusion in our center between January 2012 and December 2013 were included in the study. Perioperative complications and their incidence were calculated. Age, number of levels fused, operative time, blood loss, and complication rates were correlated with the duration of stay and the incidence of perioperative complications using SPSS software. Measures to reduce complications are determined by these results and by review of literature. RESULTS Fifty two patients were included in the study (28 females and 24 males) with an average age of 69 years (range 60-84 years). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity followed by diabetes. Spondylolisthesis was the most common indication. Eleven complications were noted with an incidence of 21%. Three were systemic complications which required transfer to Intensive Care Unit. Local complications were incidental durotomy (three), transient root deficits (two), wound infections (one), and persistent radicular pain (two). Operative time and blood loss were significantly higher in patients with complications. CONCLUSION Complication rates strongly correlate with the blood loss and operative time. Reducing the operative time and blood loss by intraoperative tranexamic acid, laminectomy using osteotome, simultaneous bilateral exposure and instrumentation and reducing the number of interbody fusions can help in reducing the complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijjawara Mahesh
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jain Institute of Spine Care and Research, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bidre Upendra
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jain Institute of Spine Care and Research, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jain Institute of Spine Care and Research, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. S Vijay, Department of Spine Surgery, Jain Institute of Spine Care and Research, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Millers Road, Vasanthnagar, Bengaluru - 560 052, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - GC Arun Kumar
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jain Institute of Spine Care and Research, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Reddy
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jain Institute of Spine Care and Research, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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22
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Sreekantam S, Nicklaus-Wollenteit I, Orr J, Sharif K, Vijay S, McKiernan PJ, Santra S. Successful long-term outcome of liver transplantation in late-onset lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Pediatr Transplant 2016; 20:851-4. [PMID: 27392817 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset LAL deficiency, previously referred to as cholesteryl ester storage disorder, is a rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by accumulation of cholesteryl esters. It has a heterogeneous clinical phenotype including abdominal pain, poor growth, hyperlipidemia with vascular complications and hepatosplenomegaly. End-stage liver disease may occur, but there are few reports of successful LT. There are also concerns that systemic manifestations of the disease might persist post-LT. We report a case with excellent outcome eight yr following LT. The subject was noted to have asymptomatic hepatosplenomegaly during an intercurrent illness, and LAL deficiency was confirmed with compound heterozygosity in the LIPA. Despite dietary fat restriction, he developed signs of progressive liver disease and subsequently developed hepatopulmonary syndrome. He underwent cadaveric LT at the age of nine and a half yr and recovered with prompt resolution of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Eight yr post-transplant he has normal growth, normal lipid profile, and liver and renal function tests. Liver histology showed no evidence of disease recurrence at this stage. LT in this subject resulted in an excellent functional correction of late-onset LAL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sreekantam
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - J Orr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - K Sharif
- Department of Hepatology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - P J McKiernan
- Department of Hepatology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Santra
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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23
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Broomfield A, Fletcher J, Davison J, Finnegan N, Fenton M, Chikermane A, Beesley C, Harvey K, Cullen E, Stewart C, Santra S, Vijay S, Champion M, Abulhoul L, Grunewald S, Chakrapani A, Cleary MA, Jones SA, Vellodi A. Response of 33 UK patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease to enzyme replacement therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:261-71. [PMID: 26497565 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for infantile-onset Pompe disease has been commercially available for almost 10 years. We report the experience of its use in a cohort treated at three specialist lysosomal treatment centres in the UK. METHODS A retrospective case-note review was performed, with additional data being gathered from two national audits on all such patients treated with ERT. The impact on the outcome of various characteristics, measured just prior to the initiation of ERT (baseline), was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were identified; 13/29 (45%) were cross-reactive immunological material (CRIM) negative, and nine were immunomodulated. At baseline assessment, 79% were in heart failure, 66% had failure to thrive and 70% had radiological signs of focal pulmonary collapse. The overall survival rate was 60%, ventilation-free survival was 40% and 30% of patients were ambulatory. Median follow-up of survivors was 4 years, 1.5 months (range 6 months to 13.5 years). As with previous studies, the CRIM status impacted on all outcome measures. However, in this cohort, baseline failure to thrive was related to death and lack of ambulation, and left ventricular dilatation was a risk factor for non-ventilator-free survival. CONCLUSION The outcome of treated patients remains heterogeneous despite attempts at immunomodulation. Failure to thrive at baseline and left ventricular dilation appear to be associated with poorer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Broomfield
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
| | - J Fletcher
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - J Davison
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N Finnegan
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Fenton
- Cardiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Chikermane
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Beesley
- Regional Genetics Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Harvey
- Enzyme Unit, Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Cullen
- Enzyme Unit, Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Stewart
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Santra
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Champion
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trusts, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - L Abulhoul
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Grunewald
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Chakrapani
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M A Cleary
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - A Vellodi
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Daly A, Evans S, Chahal S, Surplice I, Vijay S, Santra S, MacDonald A. The challenges of vitamin and mineral supplementation in children with inherited metabolic disorders: a prospective trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29:434-40. [PMID: 26781762 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to achieve metabolic stability, dietary treatment of inborn errors of metabolism may require restriction of protein, fat or carbohydrate. Manipulation of dietary intake potentially reduces micronutrient status, and provision of a comprehensive vitamin and mineral supplement becomes an essential adjunct to dietary treatment. AIM To review the efficacy of a new complete vitamin and mineral supplement [Fruitivits, Vitaflo Ltd] in 14 subjects in an open prospective 26-week study. METHOD All subjects had dietary restrictions: low protein diets (57%, n = 8), regular daytime cornstarch and overnight glucose polymer tube feeds (29%, n = 4), low fat diet (7%, n = 1) and modified Atkins diet (7%, n = 1). Plasma nutritional biochemistry, anthropometry and food frequency questionnaires were collected at week 0, 12 and 26 weeks respectively. RESULTS Five nutritional parameters showed a significant improvement from baseline (week 0) to study end (week 26): folate (P = 0.01), vitamin E (P = 0.04), plasma selenium (P = 0.002), whole blood selenium (P = 0.04) and total vitamin D (P = 0.008). All the other nutritional markers did not significantly change. Even with regular monitoring, 37% of the product remained unused. CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in some nutritional markers, overall use of the vitamin and mineral supplement was less than prescribed. New methods are needed to guarantee delivery of micronutrients in children at risk of deficiencies as a result of an essential manipulation of diet in inborn disorders of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daly
- Department of Dietetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Evans
- Department of Dietetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Chahal
- Department of Dietetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - I Surplice
- Department of Biochemistry, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Santra
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - A MacDonald
- Department of Dietetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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MacDonald A, Ahring K, Almeida MF, Belanger-Quintana A, Blau N, Burlina A, Cleary M, Coskum T, Dokoupil K, Evans S, Feillet F, Giżewska M, Gokmen Ozel H, Lotz-Havla AS, Kamieńska E, Maillot F, Lammardo AM, Muntau AC, Puchwein-Schwepcke A, Robert M, Rocha JC, Santra S, Skeath R, Strączek K, Trefz FK, van Dam E, van Rijn M, van Spronsen F, Vijay S. The challenges of managing coexistent disorders with phenylketonuria: 30 cases. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:242-51. [PMID: 26498184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The few published case reports of co-existent disease with phenylketonuria (PKU) are mainly genetic and familial conditions from consanguineous marriages. The clinical and demographic features of 30 subjects with PKU and co-existent conditions were described in this multi-centre, retrospective cohort study. METHODS Diagnostic age of PKU and co-existent condition, treatment regimen, and impact of co-existent condition on blood phenylalanine (Phe) control and PKU management were reported. RESULTS 30 patients (11 males and 19 females), with PKU and a co-existent condition, current median age of 14 years (range 0.4 to 40 years) from 13 treatment centres from Europe and Turkey were described. There were 21 co-existent conditions with PKU; 9 were autoimmune; 6 gastrointestinal, 3 chromosomal abnormalities, and 3 inherited conditions. There were only 5 cases of parental consanguinity. Some patients required conflicting diet therapy (n=5), nutritional support (n=7) and 5 children had feeding problems. There was delayed diagnosis of co-existent conditions (n=3); delayed treatment of PKU (n=1) and amenorrhea associated with Grave's disease that masked a PKU pregnancy for 12 weeks. Co-existent conditions adversely affected blood Phe control in 47% (n=14) of patients. Some co-existent conditions increased the complexity of disease management and increased management burden for patients and caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of co-existent disease is not uncommon in patients with PKU and so investigation for co-existent disorders when the clinical history is not completely consistent with PKU is essential. Integrating care of a second condition with PKU management is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Ahring
- Center for PKU, The Kennedy Centre, University Hospital, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M F Almeida
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães, CHP EPE, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto-UMIB/ICBAS/UP, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - N Blau
- Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - M Cleary
- Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
| | - T Coskum
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Dokoupil
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Evans
- The Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Feillet
- Hôpital d'enfants Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - M Giżewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - H Gokmen Ozel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A S Lotz-Havla
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E Kamieńska
- Department of Paediatrics and Haematology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - F Maillot
- CHRU de Tours, service de medicine interne, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - A M Lammardo
- Depart Ped, San Paolo Hosp Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A C Muntau
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - M Robert
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J C Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães, CHP EPE, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Portugal
| | - S Santra
- The Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Skeath
- Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
| | - K Strączek
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - F K Trefz
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E van Dam
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M van Rijn
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - F van Spronsen
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - S Vijay
- The Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Daly A, Evans S, Gerrard A, Santra S, Vijay S, MacDonald A. The Nutritional Intake of Patients with Organic Acidaemias on Enteral Tube Feeding: Can We Do Better? JIMD Rep 2015; 28:29-39. [PMID: 26510853 PMCID: PMC5059221 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed nutritional intake data on children with organic acidaemias (OA) (propionic acidaemia (PA), vitamin B12 nonresponsive methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA) and isovaleric acidaemia (IVA)) remains unreported. Aim and subjects: A review of the longitudinal nutritional intake of 14 children with organic acidaemias (PA n = 8; MMA n = 5; IVA n = 1) dependent on enteral tube feeding (≥90% of energy requirements) from a single treatment centre. METHODS Nutritional intake (energy, protein, precursor-free L-amino acids, vitamins and minerals), anthropometry and nutritional biochemistry data were collated from diagnosis to current age. RESULTS The median energy intake was only 72% (63-137) of the estimated average DH (1991) requirement (EAR), decreasing significantly by 40% between 6 months and 5 years (p < 0.05). Total protein intake met WHO/FAO/UNU (2007) safe intake levels with median (range) precursor-free L-amino acids providing 21% (14-28) of total protein intake. Median mineral intake for sodium was 57% (20-97%), potassium 64% (27-125%) and magnesium 72% (22-116%) and was consistently < RNI for all age points. Fibre median intake was 4 g/day (0-11 g), and fluid intake provided 80% (60-100%) of the requirements for age. Linear growth was poor, and children were overweight for their height (1-10 years: z score median weight +0.6, height -1.2). Nutritional markers consistently indicated that plasma valine concentrations were < target reference ranges in PA and MMA. Iron deficiency anaemia was common in MMA/PA, and in PA, 50% of plasma zinc concentrations were < reference range. CONCLUSION In MMA/PA, energy intake decreases over time, weight gain accelerates, but linear height is poor. There are many nutrient deficiencies which may affect short- and long-term outcome of patients with organic acidaemias. The quality of long-term diet in these conditions deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Daly
- Departments of Dietetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
| | - S Evans
- Departments of Dietetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - A Gerrard
- Departments of Dietetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - S Santra
- Departments of Dietetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - S Vijay
- Departments of Dietetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - A MacDonald
- Departments of Dietetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
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Gokmen-Ozel H, MacDonald A, Daly A, Ashmore C, Preece MA, Hendriksz C, Vijay S, Chakrapani A. Dietary practices in glutaric aciduria type 1 over 16 years. J Hum Nutr Diet 2012; 25:514-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2012.01269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dahlmann-Noor AH, Vijay S, Limb GA, Khaw PT. Strategies for optic nerve rescue and regeneration in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies. Drug Discov Today 2010; 15:287-99. [PMID: 20197108 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the most common age-related optic nerve disease and also the most common neuropathy, affecting approximately 60 million people worldwide in its most common forms. This figure is expected to rise to 80 million by 2020. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease in which various triggers induce cascades of secondary events, which ultimately lead to apoptotic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The main risk factor for glaucomatous nerve damage is raised pressure in the eye. Understanding the cascades mediating optic nerve damage enables the development of new, neuroprotective treatment strategies that might not only target the initial insult but also prevent or delay secondary neurodegeneration. Furthermore, neuroregeneration and repopulation of the visual pathway by stem or neural precursor cells is becoming possible. Increasing understanding of the pathways involved in directed axon growth and manipulation of stem and progenitor cells towards an RGC fate have facilitated first successes in animal models of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Dahlmann-Noor
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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Jones S, Reed CAB, Vijay S, Walter JH, Morris AAM. N-carbamylglutamate for neonatal hyperammonaemia in propionic acidaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S219-22. [PMID: 18338235 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2007] [Revised: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonaemia is common in neonates with branched-chain organic acidaemias, primarily due to the inhibition of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) synthetase; NAG is an activator for carbamylphosphate synthetase I, the first enzyme of the urea cycle. N-Carbamylglutamate, a NAG analogue, has been reported to correct hyperammonaemia in neonates with organic acidaemias. It is, however, uncertain how the ammonia concentrations in these neonates would have progressed without the drug. We report a neonate with propionic acidaemia, whose plasma ammonia concentration responded dramatically to N-carbamylglutamate, having previously been over 950 μmol/L for 33 h. Our patient presented with poor feeding, hypoglycaemia, acidosis and hyperammonaemia (1044 μmol/L at 65 h of age). The patient was treated with intravenous glucose (12 mg/kg per min), insulin, sodium benzoate, sodium phenylbutyrate, carnitine and continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH). In spite of these measures, the plasma ammonia concentration remained above 950 μmol/L. After 30 h of CVVH, N-carbamylglutamate (250 mg/kg) was given through a nasogastric tube. Over the following 4 h, the plasma ammonia fell from 1410 μmol/L to 267 μmol/L. Despite stopping CVVH, the ammonia level dropped to 137 μmol/L over the next 2 h and it continued to fall while the intravenous drug doses were reduced. The patient was readmitted, aged 4 weeks, with hyperammonaemia (347 μmol/L) and again this responded to N-carbamylglutamate. In contrast, we report a previous patient with propionic acidaemia who showed no response to a lower dose of N-carbamylglutamate (25 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jones
- Willink Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Hospital Road, Manchester, M27 4HA, UK
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Vijay S, Patterson A, Olpin S, Henderson MJ, Clark S, Day C, Savill G, Walter JH. Carnitine transporter defect: diagnosis in asymptomatic adult women following analysis of acylcarnitines in their newborn infants. J Inherit Metab Dis 2006; 29:627-30. [PMID: 16865412 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-006-0376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine transporter defect (CTD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by episodes of non-ketotic hypoglycaemia, hyperammonaemia and liver disease, or by the development of cardiomyopathy, both of which occur in infancy and childhood. Blood carnitine concentrations are extremely low. The diagnosis can be confirmed by finding abnormal fat oxidation and carnitine uptake in skin fibroblasts. The condition has not previously been thought to present later in life or to be benign. We report the identification of four women discovered to have CTD as a consequence of finding low carnitine concentrations in the cord blood or newborn samples from their infants. All four mothers had been asymptomatic and none had a cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vijay
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Royal Manchester Childrens Hospital, UK
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Cimaz R, Vijay S, Haase C, Coppa GV, Bruni S, Wraith E, Guffon N. Attenuated type I mucopolysaccharidosis in the differential diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a series of 13 patients with Scheie syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:196-202. [PMID: 16762159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a genetic lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase. Incomplete breakdown of glycosaminoglycans leads to progressive accumulation of these substances in many tissues throughout the body. Patients with the less severe form of MPS I (Scheie syndrome) usually present in the first decade of life with frequent articular involvement, and may survive into adulthood. Especially in these attenuated phenotypes, a definitive diagnosis may be delayed for years because clusters of early symptoms are difficult to recognize for physicians not familiar with the disease, and since the disease progresses slowly over decades. We would like to increase the awareness of this type of MPS I disease among rheumatologists and unravel diagnostic pitfalls. METHODS We have reviewed medical histories of 13 patients (6 males and 7 females) with Scheie syndrome seen in 5 European centers. RESULTS All patients had prominent musculoskeletal involvement at the onset of their disease in childhood. Diagnosis was delayed in almost all cases (range 4-54 years). CONCLUSION We suggest that patients who present with progressive non-inflammatory joint involvement in the first decade of life, particularly with stiffness of the fingers and difficulty using the hands, should be screened for metabolic diseases, including MPS I. MPS I should be considered if patients with arthropathy lack the typical characteristics of inflammatory arthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cimaz
- Pediatric Department, Hopital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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Abstract
Aneurysm of the vein of Galen in the fetus is a rare malformation that has been described in a small number of case reports. Thrombosis of aneurysm of the vein of Galen is a rare occurrence reported in postnatal cases. We report a case of thrombosis of vein of Galen aneurysm occurring in a fetus of 21 weeks' gestation. The fetus showed an echogenic mass posterior and superior to the thalamus. It also showed dilated dural venous sinuses, dilated neck vessels, cardiomegaly and minimal ascites. The pregnancy was terminated and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The present case is the first report of the prenatal sonographic features of this condition in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Vijay
- K. G. Hospital & Postgraduate Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - M R Kala
- Supa Hospital, Mettupalayam, India
| | - D Neha
- Laboratory Services, K. G. Hospital & Postgraduate Institute, Coimbatore, India
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Hori O, Brett J, Slattery T, Cao R, Zhang J, Chen JX, Nagashima M, Lundh ER, Vijay S, Nitecki D. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a cellular binding site for amphoterin. Mediation of neurite outgrowth and co-expression of rage and amphoterin in the developing nervous system. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:25752-61. [PMID: 7592757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.43.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 883] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a newly-identified member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, mediates interactions of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-modified proteins with endothelium and other cell types. Survey of normal tissues demonstrated RAGE expression in situations in which accumulation of AGEs would be unexpected, leading to the hypothesis that under physiologic circumstances, RAGE might mediate interaction with ligands distinct from AGEs. Sequential chromatography of bovine lung extract identified polypeptides with M(r) values of approximately 12,000 (p12) and approximately 23,000 (p23) which bound RAGE. NH2-terminal and internal protein sequence data for p23 matched that reported previously for amphoterin. Amphoterin purified from rat brain or recombinant rat amphoterin bound to purified sRAGE in a saturable and dose-dependent manner, blocked by anti-RAGE IgG or a soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE). Cultured embryonic rat neurons, which express RAGE, displayed dose-dependent binding of 125I-amphoterin which was prevented by blockade of RAGE using antibody to the receptor or excess soluble receptor (sRAGE). A functional correlate of RAGE-amphoterin interaction was inhibition by anti-RAGE F(ab')2 and sRAGE of neurite formation by cortical neurons specifically on amphoterin-coated substrates. Consistent with a potential role for RAGE-amphoterin interaction in development, amphoterin and RAGE mRNA/antigen were co-localized in developing rat brain. These data indicate that RAGE has physiologically relevant ligands distinct from AGEs which are likely, via their interaction with the receptor, to participate in physiologic processes outside of the context of diabetes and accumulation of AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hori
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Kaushal SC, Singh TT, Vijay S, Asha G. Biliary and serum immunoglobulin alterations in patients of cholelithiasis. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1993; 36:268-73. [PMID: 8300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG, IgA and IgM were estimated in serum, common bile duct bile and gall bladder bile by single radial immunodiffusion technique in 30 patients of cholelithiasis, which included 22 patients of cholelithiasis with non functioning gall bladder (sub group A) and 8 patients of cholelithiasis with functioning gall bladder (sub group B). 30 age and sex matched controls were also included in the study. Serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly raised in patients of cholelithiasis as compared to controls. However, in gall bladder bile although IgA and IgM were significantly lower (more so in sub group A) than that of control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively but there was no change in IgG. While in common bile duct bile, rise in all the three immunoglobulins was statistically insignificant when compared to controls.
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Kovacs SA, O'Neil J, Watcharapijarn J, Moe-Kirvan C, Vijay S, Silva V. Eubacterial components similar to small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: identification of immunoprecipitable proteins and capped RNAs in a cyanobacterium and a gram-positive eubacterium. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:1871-8. [PMID: 8458830 PMCID: PMC204244 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.7.1871-1878.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles play an important role in the processing of pre-mRNA. snRNPs have been identified immunologically in a variety of cells, but none have ever been observed in prokaryotic systems. This report provides the first evidence for the presence of snRNP-like components in two types of prokaryotic cells: those of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis and those of the gram-positive eubacterium Bacillus subtilis. These components consist of snRNP-immunoreactive proteins and RNAs, including some with the snRNP-unique 5' m2,2,7G (m3G) cap. Immunoreactivity was determined by immunoprecipitation procedures, with either antinuclear-antibody-positive (RNP- and Sm-monospecific) patient sera or a m3G monoclonal antibody, with radiolabelled cell extracts that were preadsorbed with antinuclear-antibody-negative sera. S. leopoliensis immunoprecipitates showed the presence of high-molecular-mass proteins (14 to 70 kDa) and RNAs (138 to 243 nucleotides) that are analogous in size to proteins and RNAs found in human (HEp-2) cell immunoprecipitates but absent in Escherichia coli immunoprecipitates. Thin-layer chromatography of S. leopoliensis immunoprecipitates confirmed the presence of a capped nucleotide similar to a capped nucleotide in HEp-2 immunoprecipitates; no such nucleotide was observed in E. coli immunoprecipitates. Immunoreactive RNAs (117-170 nucleotides) were identified in a second eubacterium, B. subtilis, as well. This work suggests that snRNPs or their evolutionary predecessors predate the emergence of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kovacs
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno 93740
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