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Lacelle D, Fisher DA, Coulombe S, Fortier D, Frappier R. Buried remnants of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and connections to its surface elevation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13286. [PMID: 30185871 PMCID: PMC6125386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) occupied a large part of North-America during the late Pleistocene. Determining the proper surface geometry and elevation of the LIS is of central importance to estimate global changes in sea-level and atmospheric circulation patterns during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Despite largely disappearing from the landscape during the late Holocene, LIS remnants are found in the Penny and Barnes ice caps on Baffin Island (Canada) and ongoing permafrost degradation has been exposing relics of the LIS buried along its northern margin since the late Pleistocene. Here, we use the δ18O records of six LIS remnants and the late Pleistocene δ18O-elevation relation to establish ice elevation in their source area during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Contrary to some modeled reconstructions, our findings indicate an asymmetric LIS topography with higher ice on Keewatin Dome (~3200 m) and thinner ice in the prairies along the Plains divide (1700–2100 m) during LGM. The resiliency of icy permafrost to past warm intervals preserved relics of the LIS; these ice-marginal landscapes, now poised for thaw, should uncover more valuable clues about the conditions of the last major ice sheet on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Lacelle
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - David A Fisher
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Fortier
- Department of Geography, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Frappier
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Nanofluids-engineered colloidal suspensions in base liquids-have captivated the interest of researchers over the last two decades for various existing as well as emerging technological applications. The main impetus for the synthesis of such novel nanocomposite liquids is the potential to alter properties of the base liquid, such as its viscosity, thermal conductivity, and surface tension, and to introduce specific optical and magnetic properties. Numerous studies suggest trends and explanations for the effects associated with the addition of nanoparticles, and that deviation from the base liquid properties are dependent on nanoparticle concentration. However, there remains a certain ambiguity in the available literature. The wetting behavior and surface tension of nanofluids are particular examples where highly conflicting results exist. In this study, we used multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized by plasma treatment and dispersed in reverse osmosis water and 99% anhydrous ethanol. Our observations reveal that the surface tension and wetting behavior of the stable aqueous and ethanol-based nanofluids containing plasma functionalized MWCNTs are unaffected by the MWCNT loading up to 120 (0.012) and ∼210 (0.021) ppm (vol%), respectively. The ethanol-based MWCNT nanofluids allowed us to extend the study to higher loadings, and a linear increase of the surface tension past ∼200 ppm was observed. Conversely, nanofluids containing non-functionalized or surfactant-stabilized MWCNTs show drastically different contact angle values when compared to the base liquids even at very low concentrations (less than 100 ppm). We demonstrate that the stability of nanofluid and method of stabilization are crucial parameters in determining the wetting behavior of nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karthikeyan
- Plasma Processing Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada. Biomimetic Surface Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
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Bayley PJ, Isaac L, Kong JY, Adamson MM, Ashford JW, Mahoney LA, Beltran M, Brown-Elhillali A, Held A, Ajayi A, Belcher H, Bond A, Mason H, Lemaster C, Shaw S, Mullin C, Holick E, Saper R, Braun TD, Riley KE, Park CL, Trehern AE, Davis MB, Mastronardi EL, Butzer B, Khalsa SBS, Shorter SM, Reinhardt KM, Cope S, Cheung C, Justice C, Wyman J, Cook-Cottone CP, Daly LA, Haden SC, Hagins M, Danhauer SC, Griffin LP, Avis NE, Sohl SJ, Lawrence J, Jesse MT, Addington EL, Messino MJ, Giguere JK, Lucas SL, Wiliford SK, Shaw E, de Manincor M, Bensoussan A, Smith C, Fahey P, Bourchier S, Desrochers DIM, Viswanathan S, Partharasathy BR, Doherty K, Moye J, Walsh C, Pokaski-Azar J, Gosian J, Chapman J, King K, Sohl S, Danhauer S, Dunbar E, Gabriel MG, Huebner M, Hofmann SG, Khalsa SBS, Gaskins RB, Jennings E, Thind H, Fava JL, Hartman S, Bock BC, Gramann P, Haaz S, Bingham CO, Bartlett SJ, Hagins M, States R, Selfe T, Innes K, Harris AR, Jennings PA, Abenavoli RM, Katz DA, Hudecek KM, Greenberg MT, Jeter PE, Nkodo AF, Haaz S, Dagnelie G, Keosaian JE, Lemaster CM, Chao M, Saper RB, King KD, Gosian J, Doherty K, Walsh C, Pokaski Azar J, Chapman J, Danhauer SC, Moye J, Kinser P, Bourguignon C, Taylor A, Mahoney LA, Bayley PJ, Collery LM, Menzies-Toman D, Nilsson M, Frykman V, Noggle JJ, Braun T, Khalsa SBS, Nosaka M, Okamura H, Fukatu N, Potts A, Weidknecht K, Coulombe S, Davies B, Ryan C, Day D, Reale J, Staples JK, Knoefel J, Herman C, Riley KE, Park CL, Bedesin EY, Stewart VM, Riley KE, Braun TD, Park CL, Pescatello LS, Davis MB, Trehern AE, Mastronardi EL, Rioux J, Rosen RK, Thind H, Gaskins R, Jennings E, Morrow K, Williams D, Bock B, Rousseau D, Jackson E, Schmid AA, Miller KK, Van Puymbroeck M, Debaun EL, Schalk N, Dierks TD, Altenburger P, Damush T, Williams LS, Selman L, Citron T, Howie-Esquivel J, McDermott K, Milic M, Donesky D, Shook A, Ruzic R, Galloway F, Van Puymbroeck M, Miller KK, Schalk N, Schmid AA, Ward LJ, Stebbings S, Sherman K, Cherkin D, Baxter GD, West JI, Duffy N, Liang B. 2013 SYR Accepted Poster Abstracts. Int J Yoga Therap 2013; 23:32-53. [PMID: 24016822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Landreville S, Coulombe S, Carrier P, Gelb MH, Guérin SL, Salesse C. Expression of phospholipases A2 and C in human corneal epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45:3997-4003. [PMID: 15505048 PMCID: PMC2424249 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve a better understanding of the involvement of phospholipases in the inflammation and wound-healing processes in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), expression of phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) and phospholipase Cs (PLCs) was examined in the human corneal epithelium. METHODS Specific primers were designed for RT-PCR amplification of the known secreted (s)PLA2, cytosolic (c)PLA2, and PLC mRNAs. Corresponding PCR products were cloned and the DNA sequenced. Immunofluorescence of flatmounted corneal sections and Western blot analyses were used to detect the PLA2s and PLCs expressed by HCECs. RESULTS The mRNAs for the following phospholipases were detected by RT-PCR in the HCECs: sPLA2GIII, -GX, and -GXIIA; cPLA2alpha and -gamma; PLCbeta1, -beta2, -beta3, -beta4, -gamma1, -gamma2, -delta1, -delta3, -delta4, and -epsilon. Immunofluorescence analyses conducted on corneal epithelium cryosections and Western blot on freshly isolated HCECs demonstrated the presence of sPLA2GIII, -GX, and -GXIIA; cPLA2alpha and -gamma; and PLCbeta2, -beta3, -gamma1, -gamma2, and -delta3. CONCLUSIONS Many phospholipase isoforms are expressed by HCECs and may play a major role in signal transduction (PLCs) as well as in the release of precursors of potent mediators of inflammation, such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins (PLA2s). Moreover, the sPLA2s expressed by the corneal epithelium could be involved in the normal antibacterial activity in the tears and in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Landreville
- Unité de Recherche en Ophtalmologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Pavillon du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine
| | - Stéphanie Coulombe
- Unité de Recherche en Ophtalmologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Pavillon du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine
| | - Patrick Carrier
- Laboratoire d’Organogenèse Expérimentale, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire, Pavillon Saint-Sacrement, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Pavillon du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine
| | - Christian Salesse
- Unité de Recherche en Ophtalmologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Pavillon du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine
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Hitzemann R, Malmanger B, Cooper S, Coulombe S, Reed C, Demarest K, Koyner J, Cipp L, Flint J, Talbot C, Rademacher B, Buck K, McCaughran J. Multiple cross mapping (MCM) markedly improves the localization of a QTL for ethanol-induced activation. Genes Brain Behav 2002; 1:214-22. [PMID: 12882366 DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-183x.2002.10403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the use of multiple cross mapping (MCM) to reduce the interval for an ethanol response QTL on mouse chromosome 1. The phenotype is the acute locomotor response to a 1.5-g/kg i.p. dose of ethanol. The MCM panel consisted of the six unique intercrosses that can be obtained from the C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), BALB/cJ (C) and LP/J (LP) inbred mouse strains (N > or = 600/cross). Ethanol response QTL were detected only with the B6xD2 and B6xC intercrosses. For both crosses, the D2 and C alleles were dominant and decreased ethanol response. The QTL information was used to develop an algorithm for sorting and editing the chromosome 1 Mit microsatellite marker set (http://www.jax.org). This process yielded a cluster of markers between 82 and 85cM (MGI). Evidence that the QTL was localized in or near this interval was obtained by the analysis of a sample (n = 550) of advanced cross heterogenous stock animals. In addition, it was observed that one of the BXD recombinant inbred strains (BXD-32) had a recombination in the interval of interest which produced the expected change in behavior. Overall, the data obtained suggest that the information available within existing genetic maps coupled with MCM data can be used to reduce the QTL interval. In addition, the MCM data set can be used to interrogate gene expression data to estimate which polymorphisms within the interval of interest are relevant to the QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hitzemann
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201-3098, USA.
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