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Nguyen XD, Zhao Y, Lin J, Purswell JL, Tabler T, Voy B, Hawkins S, Evans JD. Modeling long-distance airborne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza carried by dust particles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16255. [PMID: 37758739 PMCID: PMC10533824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is continuously causing significant economic losses with massive poultry depopulations. Airborne transmission of HPAI was suspected, as initial bird mortalities were reported near air inlets of poultry houses. In addition, infected farms were distant, indicating that the viruses carried by dust particles might help the viruses travel for long distances in the environment. The objective of this study focused on simulating the airborne transmission of HPAI by using computational modeling to assess the risk of airborne and deposited avian influenza (AI) carried by poultry-litter dust particles. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) modeling was used in this study. Data from 168 infected cases in the Mid-Western area of U.S. were obtained from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and Watt Poultry. The concentration simulation modeling was performed to estimate the airborne and deposited AI concentration carried by PM2.5 dust particles. Results showed that concentrations of airborne AI, deposited AI, and combined AI transmitted to other farms in a day were lower than the minimal infective dose for poultry. In most of the scenarios, the predicted probability of infection showed that Iowa-infected farms and turkey poultry houses had the highest infection probability. The findings may provide an understanding of the risk of airborne HPAI virus carried by dust particles and suggest the factors that influence long-distance airborne transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Nguyen
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - J Lin
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - J L Purswell
- Poultry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - T Tabler
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - B Voy
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - S Hawkins
- Biosystems Engineering and Soil Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - J D Evans
- Poultry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Gan H, Hawkins S, Eckelkamp L, Prado M, Burns R, Purswell J, Tabler T. Modeling gait score of broiler chicken via production and behavioral data. Animal 2023; 17:100692. [PMID: 36584623 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness in broilers may be associated with pain and is considered a major broiler production and welfare concern. Manual gait score assessment in commercial broiler houses is discrete, time-consuming, and laborious. As such, automatic methods for broiler gait score assessment are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to identify the relation of broiler gait score with several productions and behavioral metrics (bird BW, age, activity, and distribution), and establish three gait score prediction models for automatic gait score estimations in broiler farms with automatic weighing systems, camera systems, or both. Sixteen pens were used to rear Cobb 500 and Ross 708 broilers for eight and nine weeks, respectively (eight pens/strain, 12 birds/pen). The gait scores of all birds were assessed weekly by trained assessors following a six-point (0-5) scoring protocol from the third week. The pen's average BW was measured weekly. Top-view cameras were installed to continuously record videos of broilers in all 16 pens. Images were extracted from video clips (10 min/hour) during a 16-hour light period to determine the activity index and distribution index through image processing. The gait score was positively correlated with BW (R2 = 0.97 for Cobb and R2 = 0.96 for Ross), while negatively correlated with activity (R2 = 0.78 for Cobb and R2 = 0.73 for Ross). The three models showed high accuracies in predicting broiler gait score based on variables of BW, age, activity index, and distribution index (R2 = 0.90-0.91, RMSE = 0.38-0.41). The findings of this study demonstrated the potential of estimating broiler gait score using bird BW, age, activity index, and distribution index. This information will assist in the development of automated gait score assessment systems in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - H Gan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - S Hawkins
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - L Eckelkamp
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - M Prado
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - R Burns
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Purswell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - T Tabler
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Kania T, Pandya S, Demissie S, Abdelhalim D, Governo C, Hawkins S, Younan D, Atanassov K, Gave A. Physical exam is not an accurate predictor of injury in geriatric patients with low-energy blunt trauma - A retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 81:104503. [PMID: 36147051 PMCID: PMC9486729 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When evaluating trauma patients, many centers perform computed tomography of the head, cervical spine, chest, abdomen, and pelvis, the so-called “pan-scan.” Here, we evaluate the utility of physical exam against pan-scan in geriatric patients who sustained ground-level falls. Methods We performed a single-centered retrospective cohort review of consecutive patients from the trauma registry of a large, urban Level 1 trauma center. Inclusion criteria were registration during the 2019 calendar year, age ≥65, mechanism of fall from either sitting or standing, and performance of “pan-scan” at time of assessment. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the physical exam for significant injuries were calculated. The effect of such injuries on disposition from the emergency department and hospital were determined. Results An initial query for patients age ≥65 yielded 1280 patients. After exclusion of patients who did not undergo pan-scan or who had GCS <14, 751 patients were included in analysis. Median age was 84 years old. 351 patients had at least one injury identified on pan-scan. Physical exam was determined to have a sensitivity of 0.69 when compared to pan-scan as a gold standard. Patients with injury identified on CT scan had significantly more admissions, mortalities, and ICU and OR requirements. Conclusion Approximately half of all patients were found to have at least one injury on pan-scan. Physical examination was insensitive at identifying such injuries which ultimately altered patient management, disposition, and outcomes. Pan-scan is recommended in this vulnerable population. A selective approach to CT scan may not be appropriate for elderly patients with low-energy blunt falls. Approximately half of all elderly patients who fall from sitting or standing have at least one traumatic injury. Traumatic injuries alter the hospital course and disposition of elderly fall patients. Physical exam is neither sensitive nor specific enough to detect these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kania
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
- Corresponding author.475 Seaview Ave. Staten Island, NY, 10305, United States.
| | - S. Pandya
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - S. Demissie
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - D. Abdelhalim
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, United States
| | - C. Governo
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - S. Hawkins
- Hackensack University Medical Center, United States
| | - D. Younan
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - K. Atanassov
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - A. Gave
- Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, United States
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McCready A, Quinn M, Francis P, Stortz R, Kuruvilla S, Stewart P, Palma D, Lang P, Read N, Sathya J, Venkatesan V, Nichols A, MacNeil D, Fung K, Mendez A, Carreau C, Hawkins S, Parker C, Warner L, Winquist E. Impact of a Head and Neck Cancer Chemoradiation (HNC CRT) Nurse Practitioner (NP) on Patient Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee SH, O’Callaghan C, Aw KL, Rogan P, Kinney M, Hawkins S. "The Brain Society": The First Two Years of an Undergraduate Neuroscience Society in Northern Ireland. Ulster Med J 2020; 89:95-100. [PMID: 33093694 PMCID: PMC7576401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Queen's University Belfast Brain Society was set up in September 2018 to promote interest in the human brain. There were three main goals: firstly to provide opportunities for medical students to learn from neurologists and neurosurgeons outside their formal curriculum; secondly the Brain Society aimed to organise events that included students from other disciplines and to members of the general public who were interested in learning about aspects of neuroscience; thirdly to tackle neurophobia. In the last two years, there have been 14 events, ranging from formal lectures, to practical sessions and to patient-focused information evenings. We have sold over 1,600 tickets. This article covers how the Brain Society was set up, to inform students in other universities about the Belfast experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast
| | | | - Kah Long Aw
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast
| | - Peter Rogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast
| | | | - Stanley Hawkins
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast
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Hawkins S. Obituary: Professor Dame Ingrid Victoria Allen (30 July 1932 – 21 April 2020). Mult Scler 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458520935730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hillier E, Hawkins S, Friedrich M. HEALTHY AGING REDUCES THE MYOCARDIAL OXYGENATION RESERVE AS ASSESSED WITH OXYGENATION SENSITIVE CMR. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Hillier E, Hawkins S, Friedrich MG, Nuyt AM. 334The assessment of functional cardiovascular health after exercise intervention in young adults born preterm. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez122.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Hillier
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - S Hawkins
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - A M Nuyt
- Sainte- Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada
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Hillier E, El Harram M, Hawkins S, Friedrich MG, Pilote L. 51Regional heterogeneity in the oxygenation reserve of women with syndrome-x. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez112.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Hillier
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - S Hawkins
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - L Pilote
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Aburrow A, Wallis K, Hawkins S, Smith M, Gentle L, Murphy J. A new integrated approach using an electronic system across health and social care to improve nutritional care for adults across Dorset. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Clemons D, Harmon E, Caruth J, Hawkins S, Garcia M, Thomas S, Murrmann S, Theocharides T. 062 Temperature Controlled Radiofrequency Electrocoagulation for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Tissue Laxity. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Garza L, Sheu M, Chien A, Kim N, Alessi S, Hawkins S, Kang S. 422 Defining the gene expression signature for human facial rejuvenation. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Simon SL, Diniz Behn C, Cree Green M, Rahat H, Hawkins S, Wright K, Nadeau K. 0809 Insufficient and Late Sleep and Circadian Timing are Associated with Insulin Resistance in Adolescents with Obesity. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S L Simon
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - H Rahat
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - S Hawkins
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - K Wright
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - K Nadeau
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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Lavie C, Rollot F, Durand-Dubief F, Marignier R, Ionescu I, Casey R, Moreau T, Tourniaire P, Hutchinson M, D’Hooghe MB, Laplaud DA, Clavelou P, De Sèze J, Debouverie M, Brassat D, Pelletier J, Lebrun-Frenay C, Le Page E, Castelnovo G, Berger E, Hautecoeur P, Heinzlef O, Durelli L, Clerico M, Trojano M, Patti F, Vukusic S, Alpérovitch A, Carton H, d’Hooghe M, Hommes O, Hutchinson M, Adeleine P, Biron A, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Grimaud J, Hours M, Moreau T, Vukusic S, Confavreux C, Chauplannaz G, Confavreux C, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Grimaud J, Latombe D, Moreau T, Clanet M, Lau G, Rumbach L, Goas J, Rouhart F, Mazingue A, Roullet E, Madigand M, Hautecoeur P, Brunet P, Edan G, Allaire C, Riffault G, Leche J, Benoit T, Simonin C, Ziegler F, Baron J, Rivrain Y, Dumas R, Loche D, Bourrin J, Huttin B, Delisse B, Gibert I, Boulay C, Verceletto M, Durand G, Bonneviot G, Gil R, Hedreville M, Belair C, Poitevin R, Devoize J, Wyremblewski P, Delestre F, Setiey A, Comi G, Filippi M, Ghezzi A, Martinelli V, Rossi P, Zaffaroni M, Tola M, Amato M, Fioretti C, Meucci G, Inglese M, Mancardi G, Gambi D, Thomas A, Cavazzuti M, Citterio A, Heltberg A, Hansen H, Fernandez O, Romero F, Arbizu T, Hernandez J, De Andres de Frutos C, Geffner Sclarky D, Aladro Benito Y, Reyes Yanes P, Aguilar M, Burguera J, Yaya R, Bonakim Dib W, Arzua-Mouronte D, d’Hooghe M, Sindic C, Carton H, Medaer R, Roose H, Geens K, Guillaume D, Van Zandycke M, Janssens J, Cornette M, Mol L, Weilbach F, Flachenecker P, Hartung H, Haas J, Tendolkar I, Sindrn E, Kölmel H, Reichel D, Rauch M, Preuss S, Poser S, Mauch E, Strausser-Fuchs S, Kolleger H, Hawkins S, Howell S, Rees J, Thompson A, Johnson M, Boggild M, Gregory R, Bates D, Bone I, Hutchinson M, Polman C, Frequin S, Jongen P, Hommes O, Correia de Sa J, Rio M, Huber S, Lechner-Scott J, Kappos L, Ionescu I, Cornu C, Confavreux C, Vukusic S, El-Etr M, Baulieu E, El-Etr M, Schumacher M, Ionescu I, Confavreux C, Cornu C, Vukusic S, Hartung H, Miller D, Hutchinson M, Pugeat M, d’Archangues C, Conard J, Ménard J, Sitruk-Ware R, Pelissier C, Dat S, Belaïsch-Allard J, Athéa N, Büschsenschutz D, Lyon-Caen O, Gonsette R, Boissel J, Ffrench P, Durand-Dubief F, Cotton F, Pachai C, Bracoud L, Vukusic S, Ionescu I, Androdias G, Marignier R, Chauplannaz G, Laplaud D, Wiertlewski S, Lanctin-Garcia C, Moreau T, Couvreur G, Madinier G, Clavelou P, Taithe F, Aufauvre D, Guy N, Ferrier A, De Sèze J, Collongues N, Debouverie M, Viala F, Brassat D, Gerdelat-Mas A, Henry P, Pelletier J, Rico-Lamy A, Lebrun-Frenay C, Lepage E, Deburghraeve V, Edan G, Castelnovo G, Berger E, Hautecoeur P, Blondiau M, Heinzlef O, Coustans M, Clerc C, Rieu L, Lauxerois M, Hinzelin G, Ouallet J, Minier D, Vion P, Gromaire-Fayolle N, Derache N, Thouvenot E, Sallansonnet-Froment M, Tourniaire P, Toureille L, Borgel F, Stankoff B, Grimaud J, Moroianu C, Guennoc A, Tournier-Gervason C, Peysson S, Trojano M, Patti F, D’Amico E, Motti L, Zaffaroni M, Durelli L, Tavella A. Neuraxial analgesia is not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses in MS. Mult Scler 2018; 25:591-600. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458518763080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obstetrical analgesia remains a matter of controversy because of the fear of neurotoxicity of local anesthetics on demyelinated fibers or their potential relationship with subsequent relapses. Objective: To assess the impact of neuraxial analgesia on the risk of relapse during the first 3 months post-partum, with a focus on women who experienced relapses during pregnancy. Methods: We analyzed data of women followed-up prospectively during their pregnancies and at least 3 months post-partum, collected in the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMS) and Prevention of Post-Partum Relapses with Progestin and Estradiol in Multiple Sclerosis (POPARTMUS) studies between 1992–1995 and 2005–2012, respectively. The association of neuraxial analgesia with the occurrence of a post-partum relapse was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 389 women were included, 215 from PRIMS and 174 from POPARTMUS. In total, 156 women (40%) had neuraxial analgesia. Overall, 24% experienced a relapse during pregnancy and 25% in the 3 months post-partum. Women with a pregnancy relapse were more likely to have a post-partum relapse (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, p = 0.02), independently of the use of neuraxial analgesia. There was no association between neuraxial analgesia and post-partum relapse (OR = 1.08, p = 0.78). Conclusion: Neuraxial analgesia was not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses, whatever multiple sclerosis (MS) activity during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lavie
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Rollot
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP),
Lyon, France
| | | | - Romain Marignier
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France/Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon,
INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-Oncologie et Neuro-Inflammation, Lyon, France;
Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Iuliana Ionescu
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Casey
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP),
Lyon, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, EA4184, University Hospital of
Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Michael Hutchinson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College
Dublin, Dublin, Ireland/Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s University Hospital,
Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie Béatrice D’Hooghe
- National MS Center Melsbroek, Melsbroek, Belgium; Center
for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussel, Belgium
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Nantes, CIC015 INSERM,
Nantes, France/INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Clavelou
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand,
Clermont-Ferrand, France/INSERM UMR1107, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne,
Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme De Sèze
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Investigation Center
INSERM 1434, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, FMTS INSERM 1119, Strasbourg,
France
| | - Marc Debouverie
- EA 4360 APEMAC, University of Lorraine, Nancy,
France/Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - David Brassat
- Pôle Neurosciences, CHU Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse,
France/INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de
Neurosciences Cliniques, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France/CNRS,
Aix-Marseille Université, CRMBM UMR7339, Marseille, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Le Page
- Clinical Neuroscience Centre, CIC-P 1414 INSERM, Rennes
University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Eric Berger
- Department of Neurology, CHU Besançon, Besançon,
France
| | - Patrick Hautecoeur
- Service de Neurologie, Groupement des Hôpitaux de
l’Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Heinzlef
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital CHI de
Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France
| | - Luca Durelli
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and
Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital,
Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and
Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital,
Orbassano, Italy
| | - Maria Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and
Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Patti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, and Advanced
Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Catania, Catania,
Italy
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France/Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques
(OFSEP), Lyon, France/Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS
UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-Oncologie et Neuro-Inflammation, Lyon, France/Université de Lyon
1, Lyon, France
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Stevinson C, Devaraj VS, Fountain-Barber A, Hawkins S, Ernst E. Homeopathic Arnica for Prevention of Pain and Bruising: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Hand Surgery. J R Soc Med 2017; 96:60-5. [PMID: 12562974 PMCID: PMC539394 DOI: 10.1177/014107680309600203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control bruising, reduce swelling and promote recovery after local trauma; many patients therefore take it perioperatively. To determine whether this treatment has any effect, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery. Primary outcome measures were pain (short form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and bruising (colour separation analysis) at four days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were swelling (wrist circumference) and use of analgesic medication (patient diary). 62 patients could be included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences on the primary outcome measures of pain ( P=0.79) and bruising ( P=0.45) at day four. Swelling and use of analgesic medication also did not differ between arnica and placebo groups. Adverse events were reported by 2 patients in the arnica 6C group, 3 in the placebo group and 4 in the arnica 30C group. The results of this trial do not suggest that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising and swelling in patients undergoing elective hand surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stevinson
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Exeter, UK
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Hawkins S, Adamus J, Chiang CY, Covell E, O'Leary J, Lee JM. Retinyl propionate and climbazole combination demonstrates clinical improvement to the appearance of hyperpigmentation and deep wrinkling with minimal irritation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 39:589-599. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hawkins
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - J. Adamus
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - C.-y. Chiang
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - E. Covell
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - J. O'Leary
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - J.-m. Lee
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
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Rodríguez Cruz PM, Matthews L, Boggild M, Cavey A, Constantinescu CS, Evangelou N, Giovannoni G, Gray O, Hawkins S, Nicholas R, Oppenheimer M, Robertson N, Zajicek J, Rothwell PM, Palace J. Time- and Region-Specific Season of Birth Effects in Multiple Sclerosis in the United Kingdom. JAMA Neurol 2017; 73:954-60. [PMID: 27366989 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The reports of seasonal variation in the births of people who later develop multiple sclerosis (MS) have been challenged and attributed to the background pattern in the general population, resulting in a false association. OBJECTIVE To study the seasonality of MS births after adjusting for temporal and regional confounding factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A study was conducted using case-control data from 8 MS-specialized centers from the United Kingdom, MS cases from a population-based study in the Lothian and Border regions of Scotland, and death records from the UK Registrar General. Participants included 21 138 patients with MS and control data from the UK Office of National Statistics and the UK government office regions. The seasonality of MS births was evaluated using the Walter and Elwood test, after adjusting for temporal and regional variations in the live births of the UK population. The study was conducted from January 16, 2014, to September 2, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. RESULTS Analysis of the general population indicated that seasonal differences are present across time and region in the United Kingdom, with both factors contributing to the monthly distribution of live births. We were able to demonstrate that, when adjusting for the temporal and regional variations in the live births of the UK population, there was a significant season of birth effect in patients with MS, with an increased risk of disease in the peak month (April) compared with the trough month (November) (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10-1.41) and 15.68% fewer people who developed MS being born in November (observed to expected birth ratio, 0.840; 95% CI, 0.76-0.92). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Season of birth is a risk factor for MS in the United Kingdom and cannot be attributed to the background pattern in the general population. The reasons for the variations in birth rates in the general population are unclear, but not taking them into consideration could lead to false-positive associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro María Rodríguez Cruz
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England
| | - Lucy Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England
| | | | - Ana Cavey
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England
| | | | | | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, England
| | - Orla Gray
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | | | - Maylin Oppenheimer
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England
| | | | | | - Peter M Rothwell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England
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19
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Adamus J, Feng L, Hawkins S, Kalleberg K, Lee JM. Climbazole boosts activity of retinoids in skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 39:411-418. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Feng
- Unilever R&D; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | | | | | - J-M. Lee
- Unilever R&D; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
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Abstract
Individual classes of nanoparticles have made a tremendous impact on the biomedical sciences, with advances in imaging, single-molecule tracking, and cellular mechanotransduction. However, the future of nanotechnology will probably depend on the combination of attributes from several different nanomaterials. Here, one class of hybrid nanoparticles that possess both fluorescent and magnetic functionalities is described. These nanocomposites are created by combining fluorescent nanoparticles with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in an encapsulating micelle or solid polymer sphere. The resulting composites range from 10 to 500nm in size and display both fluorescent and magnetic properties of the constituent nano-particles. These particles are demonstrated as in vitro cellular labels, aprecursor to future in vivo studies; they will expand in vivo imaging options by providing the capability for both magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Thakur
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S Deng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S Hawkins
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J O Winter
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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21
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Coventry L, van Schalkwyk J, Thompson P, Hawkins S, Hegney D. Myocardial Infarction, Patient Decision Delay and Decision Making: A Thematic Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Hawkins S. Book Review: Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (2002). Mult Scler 2016. [DOI: 10.1191/1352458502ms855xx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Griffiths SN, Hawkins S, Galea M, Chaudhry A. A novel technique for harvesting fat for breast augmentation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015; 97:543. [PMID: 26414370 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2015.0033.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Hawkins
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - M Galea
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - A Chaudhry
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Watson
- Centre of Medical Education; Queen's University Belfast; Northern Ireland UK
| | - Michael Stevenson
- Centre of Medical Education; Queen's University Belfast; Northern Ireland UK
| | - Stanley Hawkins
- Centre of Medical Education; Queen's University Belfast; Northern Ireland UK
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25
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Liu M, Mollica L, Regan J, Hawkins S, McGuiness H, Vetro K, Garczarek U, Shi S, Vasudevan V, Ananthapadmanabhan KP. Modified Corneosurfametry as a new accelerated high-throughput ex vivo methodology for predicting cleanser effects towards human skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 38:178-86. [PMID: 26352535 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneosurfametry (CSM) was originally developed as a tool to predict irritation potential of cleansers. In this method, surface skin stripped using cyanoacrylate is contacted with surfactants/products, rinsed and stained with toluidine blue and basic fuschin dyes. The intensity of staining increases with increases in irritation potential of surfactant. Our objective was to modify the CSM technique to achieve better control of the tape stripping process. Another objective was to correlate the modified CSM (MCSM) with a traditional in-vivo forearm controlled application test (FCAT) for mildness and to explore its utility to assess the state of corneum after a clinical test. METHODS Surface skin cells were tape stripped from forearms of volunteers with D-Squame Adhesive Discs. Discs were treated with a 10% solution of the product in a 96-plate well for 10 min, rinsed, dried and treated with basic fuschin-toluidine blue dye solution, rinsed and dried again. Forearm Controlled Application Test (FCAT) was based on a published protocol. Tape strips obtained after product treatment were also analyzed by the MCSM procedure without additional product treatment. RESULTS Mildness/barrier damage assessed from in-vivo FCAT showed a similar ranking to the MCSM results. MCSM, TEWL and Erythema analysis of between-treatment differences showed a good correlation indicating that barrier damage seen in in-vivo studies can be predicted from ex-vivo MCSM studies. MCSM analysis of tape strips after the FCAT study showed that the damage decreased with increase in tape strip number. A moisturizing body wash (MBW) with mild surfactants showed the least damage in all layers. In contrast, harsh dish washing liquid showed significantly higher damage down to several layers. Another MBW with petrolatum in a harsher base showed damage almost similar to that of the harsh dish washing liquid in the surface layers. Thus, the MCSM was able to show underlying damage which would have been normally masked by the deposited petrolatum. CONCLUSION The MCSM assay was shown to be a valuable tool for accelerated high throughput evaluation of mildness of surfactants and fully formulated products. MCSM can also be used to assess the state of the corneum after a product treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - L Mollica
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - J Regan
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - S Hawkins
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - H McGuiness
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - K Vetro
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - U Garczarek
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - S Shi
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - V Vasudevan
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
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26
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Gu BJ, Field J, Dutertre S, Ou A, Kilpatrick TJ, Lechner-Scott J, Scott R, Lea R, Taylor BV, Stankovich J, Butzkueven H, Gresle M, Laws SM, Petrou S, Hoffjan S, Akkad DA, Graham CA, Hawkins S, Glaser A, Bedri SK, Hillert J, Matute C, Antiguedad A, Wiley JS. A rare P2X7 variant Arg307Gln with absent pore formation function protects against neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5644-54. [PMID: 26188005 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by oligodendrocyte damage, demyelination and neuronal death. Genetic association studies have shown a 2-fold or greater prevalence of the HLA-DRB1*1501 allele in the MS population compared with normal Caucasians. In discovery cohorts of Australasian patients with MS (total 2941 patients and 3008 controls), we examined the associations of 12 functional polymorphisms of P2X7, a microglial/macrophage receptor with proinflammatory effects when activated by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In discovery cohorts, rs28360457, coding for Arg307Gln was associated with MS and combined analysis showed a 2-fold lower minor allele frequency compared with controls (1.11% for MS and 2.15% for controls, P = 0.0000071). Replication analysis of four independent European MS case-control cohorts (total 2140 cases and 2634 controls) confirmed this association [odds ratio (OR) = 0.69, P = 0.026]. A meta-analysis of all Australasian and European cohorts indicated that Arg307Gln confers a 1.8-fold protective effect on MS risk (OR = 0.57, P = 0.0000024). Fresh human monocytes heterozygous for Arg307Gln have >85% loss of 'pore' function of the P2X7 receptor measured by ATP-induced ethidium uptake. Analysis shows Arg307Gln always occurred with 270His suggesting a single 307Gln-270His haplotype that confers dominant negative effects on P2X7 function and protection against MS. Modeling based on the homologous zP2X4 receptor showed Arg307 is located in a region rich in basic residues located only 12 Å from the ligand binding site. Our data show the protective effect against MS of a rare genetic variant of P2RX7 with heterozygotes showing near absent proinflammatory 'pore' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Gu
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judith Field
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sébastien Dutertre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 2-CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Amber Ou
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevor J Kilpatrick
- Melbourne Neuroscience Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney Lea
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jim Stankovich
- Menzies Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Gresle
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis A Akkad
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Colin A Graham
- Regional Genetics Laboratories, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stanley Hawkins
- Department of Neurology, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anna Glaser
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sahl Khalid Bedri
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Matute
- CIBERNED, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain and
| | - Alfredo Antiguedad
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Basurto-Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - James S Wiley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,
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27
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Bowker B, Hawkins S, Zhuang H. Measurement of water-holding capacity in raw and freeze-dried broiler breast meat with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1834-41. [PMID: 24864280 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (vis/NIR) to segregate broiler breast fillets by water-holding capacity (WHC) was determined. Broiler breast fillets (n = 72) were selected from a commercial deboning line based on visual color assessment. Meat color (L*a*b*), pH (2 and 24 h), drip loss, and salt-induced water uptake were measured. Reflectance measurements were recorded from 400 to 2,500 nm in both raw and freeze-dried breast meat samples. Raw and freeze-dried samples had similar spectra in the visible region (400-750 nm), but the freeze-dried samples exhibited numerous bands in the NIR region (750-2,500 nm) corresponding to muscle proteins and lipids that were not observed in the NIR spectra of the raw samples. Linear discriminate analyses were used to classify fillets as high-WHC or low-WHC according to predicted meat quality characteristics. Using the visible spectra (400-750 nm), fillets could be correctly classified into high-WHC and low-WHC groups based on drip loss and salt-induced water uptake with 88 to 92% accuracy in raw samples and 79 to 86% accuracy in freeze-dried samples. Using the NIR spectra (750-2,500 nm), fillets could be correctly classified into high-WHC and low-WHC groups with 74 to 76% accuracy in raw samples and 85 to 86% accuracy in freeze-dried samples. Thus, freeze-drying enhanced the accuracy of WHC classification using the NIR portion of the spectra. Data from this study demonstrate the potential for utilizing vis/NIR spectroscopy as a method for classifying broiler breast meat according to WHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bowker
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
| | - S Hawkins
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
| | - H Zhuang
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
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Ellsworth JL, Falabella S, Tang V, Schmidt A, Guethlein G, Hawkins S, Rusnak B. Design and initial results from a kilojoule level Dense Plasma Focus with hollow anode and cylindrically symmetric gas puff. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:013504. [PMID: 24517762 DOI: 10.1063/1.4859495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and built a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Z-pinch device using a kJ-level capacitor bank and a hollow anode, and fueled by a cylindrically symmetric gas puff. Using this device, we have measured peak deuteron beam energies of up to 400 keV at 0.8 kJ capacitor bank energy and pinch lengths of ∼6 mm, indicating accelerating fields greater than 50 MV/m. Neutron yields of on the order of 10(7) per shot were measured during deuterium operation. The cylindrical gas puff system permitted simultaneous operation of DPF with a radiofrequency quadrupole accelerator for beam-into-plasma experiments. This paper describes the machine design, the diagnostic systems, and our first results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ellsworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Falabella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - V Tang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Schmidt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Guethlein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Hawkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Rusnak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Hughes SE, Spelman T, Gray OM, Boz C, Trojano M, Lugaresi A, Izquierdo G, Duquette P, Girard M, Grand’Maison F, Grammond P, Oreja-Guevara C, Hupperts R, Bergamaschi R, Giuliani G, Lechner-Scott J, Barnett M, Edite Rio M, van Pesch V, Amato MP, Iuliano G, Slee M, Verheul F, Cristiano E, Fernández-Bolaños R, Poehlau D, Saladino ML, Deri N, Cabrera-Gomez J, Vella N, Herbert J, Skromne E, Savino A, Shaw C, Moore F, Vucic S, Petkovska-Boskova T, McDonnell G, Hawkins S, Kee F, Butzkueven H, Paolicelli D, Lucchese G, Iaffaldano P, Zwanikken C, De Luca G, Di Tommaso V, Travaglini D, Pietrolongo E, di Ioia M, Farina D, Mancinelli L, Marriott M, Kilpatrick T, King J, van der Walt A, Skibina O, Haartsen J, Chamorro B, Petersen T, Cartechini E, Pucci E, William D, Dark L, Fiol M, Correale J, Ysrraelit C, Den Braber-Moerland L, Jaacks G, Laffue A, Fernanda Páez M, Muñoz D, Oleschko Arruda W, Paine M, Vella M, Vetere S. Predictors and dynamics of postpartum relapses in women with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2013; 20:739-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458513507816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown that pregnancy reduces multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses, which increase in the early postpartum period. Postpartum relapse risk has been predicted by pre-pregnancy disease activity in some studies. Objective: To re-examine effect of pregnancy on relapses using the large international MSBase Registry, examining predictors of early postpartum relapse. Methods: An observational case–control study was performed including pregnancies post-MS onset. Annualised relapse rate (ARR) and median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were compared for the 24 months pre-conception, pregnancy and 24 months postpartum periods. Clustered logistic regression was used to investigate predictors of early postpartum relapses. Results: The study included 893 pregnancies in 674 females with MS. ARR (standard error) pre-pregnancy was 0.32 (0.02), which fell to 0.13 (0.03) in the third trimester and rose to 0.61 (0.06) in the first three months postpartum. Median EDSS remained unchanged. Pre-conception ARR and disease-modifying treatment (DMT) predicted early postpartum relapse in a multivariable model. Conclusion: Results confirm a favourable effect on relapses as pregnancy proceeds, and an early postpartum peak. Pre-conception DMT exposure and low ARR were independently protective against postpartum relapse. This novel finding could provide clinicians with a strategy to minimise postpartum relapse risk in women with MS planning pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella E Hughes
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
| | - Tim Spelman
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Cavit Boz
- Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Alessandra Lugaresi
- MS Center, Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University ‘G. d’Annunzio’, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dieter Poehlau
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre Kamillus-Klinik, Asbach, Germany
| | | | - Norma Deri
- Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Eli Skromne
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico
| | - Aldo Savino
- Consultorio Privado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Steve Vucic
- Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gavin McDonnell
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Stanley Hawkins
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Monash University, Australia
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Hughes S, Spelman T, Gray O, Boz C, Trojano M, Zwanikken C, Lugaresi A, Izquierdo J, Duquette P, Girard M, Grand'Maison F, Grammond P, Oreja-Guevara C, Hupperts R, Petersen T, Bergamaschi R, Giuliani G, Lechner-Scott J, Barnett M, Edite Rio M, van Pesch V, Pia Amato M, Iuliano G, Fiol M, Slee M, Verheul F, Cristiano E, Fernández Bolaños R, Saladino D, Poehlau M, Deri N, Oleschko Arruda W, Cabrera-Gomez J, Paine M, Vella N, Herbert J, Skromne E, Savino A, Shaw C, Moore F, Vucic S, Petkovska-Boskova T, Vetere S, McDonnell G, Hawkins S, Kee F, Butzkueven H. EXPOSURE TO INTERFERON-β THERAPY IN EARLY PREGNANCY: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304200a.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hughes S, Spelman T, Trojano M, Lugaresi A, Izquierdo G, Grand'maison F, Duquette P, Girard M, Grammond P, Oreja-Guevara C, Hupperts R, Boz C, Bergamaschi R, Giuliani G, Rio ME, Lechner-Scott J, van Pesch V, Iuliano G, Fiol M, Verheul F, Barnett M, Slee M, Herbert J, Kister I, Vella N, Moore F, Petkovska-Boskova T, Shaygannejad V, Jokubaitis V, McDonnell G, Hawkins S, Kee F, Gray O, Butzkueven H. The Kurtzke EDSS rank stability increases 4 years after the onset of multiple sclerosis: results from the MSBase Registry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83:305-10. [PMID: 22205675 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is widely used to rate multiple sclerosis (MS) disability, but lack of disease duration information limits utility in assessing severity. EDSS ranking at specific disease durations was used to devise the MS Severity Score, which is gaining popularity for predicting outcomes. As this requires validation in longitudinal cohorts, we aimed to assess the utility of EDSS ranking as a predictor of 5-year outcome in the MSBase Registry. METHODS Rank stability of EDSS over time was examined in the MSBase Registry, a large multicentre MS cohort. Scores were ranked for 5-year intervals, and correlation of rank across intervals was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. EDSS progression outcomes at 10 years were disaggregated by 5-year EDSS scores. RESULTS Correlation coefficients for EDSS rank over 5-year intervals increased with MS duration: years 1-6=0.55, years 4-9=0.74, years 7-12=0.80 and years 10-15=0.83. EDSS progression risk at 10 years after onset was highly dependent on EDSS at 5 years; one-point progression risk was greater for EDSS score of >2 than ≤2. Two-point progression was uncommon for EDSS score of <2 and more common at EDSS score of 4. CONCLUSIONS EDSS rank stability increases with disease duration, probably due to reduced relapses and less random variation in later disease. After 4 years duration, EDSS rank was highly predictive of EDSS rank 5 years later. Risk of progression by 10 years was highly dependent on EDSS score at 5 years duration. We confirm the utility of EDSS ranking to predict 5-year outcome in individuals 4 years after disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Hughes
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Jongen PJ, Sindic C, Sanders E, Hawkins S, Linssen W, van Munster E, Frequin S, Borm G. Adverse events of interferon beta-1a: a prospective multi-centre international ICH-GCP-based CRO-supported external validation study in daily practice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26568. [PMID: 22046309 PMCID: PMC3201962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to methodological shortcomings the available post-registration data on the adverse events (AEs) occurring in interferon beta-1a (INFb-1a)-treated patients fail to adequately validate phase III data and only partially inform on safety in daily practice. We assessed AEs in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with intramuscular (IM) INFb-1a in daily practice using data quality assurance measures similar to those in phase III trials. Methods A prospective, International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) - Good Clinical Practice (GCP)-based, clinical research organization (CRO)-supported study in 36 practices in the Netherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Luxembourg. During 24 months after start of IM INFb-1a treatment 275 RRMS patients were assessed for AEs' severity (mild, moderate, severe) and relationship to treatment (not, unlikely, likely, definite). Data were compared with those reported in the pivotal phase III trial. Findings 75.3% of the patients experienced one or more AEs that were likely or definitely related to INFb-1a. Of all AEs 40.5% were likely or definitely treatment-related; 68.5% of these were mild, and 3% severe. 6.6% of the patients discontinued treatment because of an AE. Compared to the pivotal phase III trial, we found statistically significantly lower incidences for most of the common AEs: headache, muscle ache, fatigue, fever, chills, nausea. One patient died following two cerebral vascular events in study month 22, both AEs were assessed as not related to INFb-1a. Conclusion Three out of four RRMS patients treated with IM INFb-1a in daily practice experience treatment-related AEs, most of these being mild. Our data externally validate the favorable phase III safety profile of IM INFb-1a and suggest that the real-life incidence of treatment-related AEs is less than reported in the pivotal phase III trial. Larger studies are needed to detect rare, potentially hazardous AEs of IM INFb-1a.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Sindic
- Service de Neurologie, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc U.C.L., Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evert Sanders
- Department of Neurology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Hawkins
- Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Linssen
- Department of Neurology, St. Lucas Andreas Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Munster
- Department of Neurology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Frequin
- Department of Neurology, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - George Borm
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kearney S, McCann J, Hawkins S. Locked-in, walked out. Ulster Med J 2011; 80:148-50. [PMID: 23526844 PMCID: PMC3605527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Locked in syndrome is typically associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a patient who had an unusually good recovery from locked in syndrome due to pontine infarction. The good recovery exhibited by our patient may have resulted from resolution of oedema at the site of infarction and brainstem plasticity being augmented by initial supportive measures in the intensive care unit and early, intensive rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus Kearney
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Northern Ireland
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McClurg D, Hagen S, Hawkins S, Lowe-Strong A. Abdominal massage for the alleviation of constipation symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled feasibility study. Mult Scler 2010; 17:223-33. [PMID: 20940182 DOI: 10.1177/1352458510384899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation affects many people with multiple sclerosis (MS), negatively impacting on their quality of life. The use of abdominal massage has been reported in several populations and has been shown to increase the frequency of defaecation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of undertaking abdominal massage in people with MS. METHODS Following ethical approval, 30 patients with MS and constipation were recruited. After providing informed written consent and completion of baseline outcome measures, participants were randomly allocated to a massage group or a control group. The massage group participants were provided with advice on bowel management, and they or their carers were taught how to deliver abdominal massage and were recommended to perform it daily during the 4-week intervention period. The control group received bowel management advice only. Outcomes were measured pre (Week 0) and post treatment (Week 4), and at Week 8 and included: the Constipation Scoring System (CSS) (primary outcome), the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction Score, and a bowel diary. RESULTS Both groups demonstrated a decrease in CSS score from Week 0 to Week 4, indicating an improvement in constipation symptoms; however, the massage group improved significantly more than the control groups (mean difference between groups in score change -5.0 (SD 1.5), 95% CI -8.1, -1.8; t = -3.28, df = 28, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The results of this small study suggest a positive effect of the intervention on the symptoms of constipation, and support the feasibility of a substantive trial of abdominal massage for the alleviation of the symptoms of constipation in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen McClurg
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
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O'Doherty C, Favorov A, Heggarty S, Graham C, Favorova O, Ochs M, Hawkins S, Hutchinson M, O'Rourke K, Vandenbroeck K. Genetic polymorphisms, their allele combinations and IFN-beta treatment response in Irish multiple sclerosis patients. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 10:1177-86. [PMID: 19604093 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.09.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IFN-beta is widely used as first-line immunomodulatory treatment for multiple sclerosis. Response to treatment is variable (30-50% of patients are nonresponders) and requires a long treatment duration for accurate assessment to be possible. Information about genetic variations that predict responsiveness would allow appropriate treatment selection early after diagnosis, improve patient care, with time saving consequences and more efficient use of resources. MATERIALS & METHODS We analyzed 61 SNPs in 34 candidate genes as possible determinants of IFN-beta response in Irish multiple sclerosis patients. Particular emphasis was placed on the exploration of combinations of allelic variants associated with response to therapy by means of a Markov chain Monte Carlo-based approach (APSampler). RESULTS The most significant allelic combinations, which differed in frequency between responders and nonresponders, included JAK2-IL10RB-GBP1-PIAS1 (permutation p-value was p(perm) = 0.0008), followed by JAK2-IL10-CASP3 (p(perm) = 0.001). DISCUSSION The genetic mechanism of response to IFN-beta is complex and as yet poorly understood. Data mining algorithms may help in uncovering hidden allele combinations involved in drug response versus nonresponse.
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Harries MLL, Griffith M, Walker J, Hawkins S. Changes in the male voice during puberty: Speaking and singing voice parameters. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/14015439609098748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Caporaso G, Chen Y, Sampayan S, Akana G, Anaya R, Anderson D, Blackfield D, Carroll J, Cook E, Falabella S, Guethlein G, Harris J, Hawkins S, Hickman B, Holmes C, Horner A, Nelson S, Paul A, Pearson D, Poole B, Richardson R, Sanders D, Selenes K, Sullivan J, Stanley J, Wang L, Watson J, Weir J. MO-D-BRD-02: Dielectric Wall Accelerators for Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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O'Doherty C, Hawkins S, Rooney M, Vandenbroeck K. The MHC2TA-168A/G and +1614G/C polymorphisms and risk for multiple sclerosis or chronic inflammatory arthropathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:247-51. [PMID: 17661914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The -168A-G polymorphism has been shown to influence transcription of the MHC2TA gene and has been implicated in several inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. Attempts to reproduce these findings have been inconclusive. We investigated the role of this promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in 440 multiple sclerosis (MS), 293 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 74 juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and 316 healthy controls from Northern Ireland. We also genotyped a non-synonymous SNP in exon 11, +1614G/C. There was no significant difference in the -168G allele frequencies and carriage rates in the separate RA, JIA, or MS collections compared with the control group [odds ratio (OR) = 1.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.86-1.44; OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.75-1.68; OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.84-1.35, respectively]. Assessment of the common phenotype (chronic inflammatory disease; n = 807 vs 316 controls) was negative as well. Carriage of +1614C was protective against JIA (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3-1.0) and showed a similar trend in RA and MS (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-1.0; OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6-1.0, respectively). The common phenotype (chronic inflammatory disease) was also significant (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-1.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- C O'Doherty
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Applied Genomics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
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Ban M, Booth D, Heard R, Stewart G, Goris A, Vandenbroeck K, Dubois B, Laaksonen M, Ilonen J, Alizadeh M, Edan G, Babron MC, Brassat D, Clanet M, Cournu-Rebeix I, Fontaine B, Semana G, Goedde R, Epplen J, Weber A, Infante-Duarte C, Zipp F, Rajda C, Bencsik K, Vécsei L, Heggarty S, Graham C, Hawkins S, Liguori M, Momigliano-Richiardi P, Caputo D, Grimaldi LM, Leone M, Massacesi L, Milanese C, Salvetti M, Savettieri G, Trojano M, Bielecki B, Mycko MP, Selmaj K, Santos M, Maciel P, Pereira C, Silva A, Silva BM, Coraddu F, Marrosu MG, Åkesson E, Hillert J, Datta P, Oturai A, Harbo HF, Spurkland A, Goertsches R, Villoslada P, Eraksoy M, Hensiek A, Compston A, Setakis E, Gray J, Tai Wai Y, Sawcer S. Corrigendum to “Linkage disequilibrium screening for multiple sclerosis implicates JAG1 and POU2AF1 as susceptibility genes in Europeans” [J. Neuroimmunol. 179 (2006) 108–116]. J Neuroimmunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mackie T, Caporaso G, Sampayan S, Chen Y, Blackfield D, Harris J, Hawkins S, Holmes C, Nelson S, Paul A, Poole B, Rhodes M, Sanders D, Sullivan J, Wang L, Watson J, Reckwerdt P, Schmidt R, Pearson D, Flynn R, Matthews D, Purdy J. TH-C-AUD-09: A Proposal for a Novel Compact Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy System Using a Dielectric Wall Accelerator. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Heggarty S, Suppiah V, Silversides J, O'doherty C, Droogan A, McDonnell G, Hawkins S, Graham C, Vandenbroeck K. CTLA4 gene polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis in Northern Ireland. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 187:187-91. [PMID: 17524498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Four CTLA4 polymorphisms were investigated in a Northern Irish collection of relapsing-remitting (RR) and primary-progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The CTLA4 promoter (-318 C/T), exon 1 (+49 A/G) and intergenic CT60 SNPs, as well as a microsatellite found in the 3' UTR (AT(n)) were analysed in 246 RRMS, 84 PPMS and 158 healthy controls. The A allele of the exon 1 +49 A/G SNP (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.11-1.81; P=0.038), and more so the AA genotype (OR=1.70; 95% CI=1.11-2.60; P=0.015) were associated with RR, but not PPMS. In the PPMS population, overall allele distribution of the AT(n) microsatellite was significantly different from that in the healthy controls. We did not find any association with the promoter (-318 C/T) or intergenic CT60 SNPs in either of the disease cohorts. In concordance with several recent studies, we detected a trend toward higher carriage rates of the +49 G allele in PP vs RR MS patients (66.7% vs 58.9%), though this was not significant. Our data highlight the CTLA4 +49 A/G and 3'UTR polymorphisms as potential modifiers of disease course in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Heggarty
- Applied Genomics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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O’Doherty C, Hawkins S, Hutchinson M, Vandenbroeck K. Determination of genetic factors influencing susceptibility to disease and response to interferon-B in multiple sclerosis (131.16). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.131.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Treatment strategies of multiple sclerosis (MS) aim to slow progression of the disease and provide symptomatic relief. Interferon B (IFN B) is the most prominent disease modifying drug used in the treatment of MS. It has been shown to decrease relapse rates and delay progression of the disease. There are currently three proprietary IFN B products on the market; Avonex and Rebif (IFN B1a), and Betaferon (IFN B1b). Despite demonstrated efficacy, these products are not without their problems. There is considerable variation in response, with an estimated 30–50% of patients showing treatment failure, and high treatments costs. In essence, treatment is on a trial and error basis. To date there is no method of treatment outcome prediction at onset of treatment. In this study we have screened approximately 60 polymorphisms in over 30 candidate response genes, based on notions of their known function and the literature. We selected SNPs in the promoter region, hypothesising that polymorphisms may modify IFN inducibility. Additionally non-synonymous SNPs and those potentially affecting splicing, were also selected. Polymorphisms were typed in DNA samples from 260 Irish patients classified as responders or non-responders. A cohort of 120 healthy controls was also included in the study to determine whether these SNPs influenced susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O’Doherty
- 1Applied Genomics Group, School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom,
| | - Stanley Hawkins
- 2Neurology Department, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- 1Applied Genomics Group, School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom,
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Cunningham S, O'Doherty C, Patterson C, McDonnell G, Hawkins S, Marrosu MG, Vandenbroeck K. The neuropeptide genes TAC1, TAC3, TAC4, VIP and PACAP(ADCYAP1), and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 183:208-13. [PMID: 17175032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The related immunomodulatory neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide (PACAP; gene symbol ADCYAP1) have recently been proposed as novel therapeutics for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). These neuropeptides, as well as those belonging to the tachykinin family exert pleiotropic effects, many of which are of relevance to central nervous system inflammation. In the present study, we have analysed 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 4 microsatellite markers in the VIP, ADCYAP1, TAC3 and TAC4 genes for susceptibility to MS in a case-control collection from Northern Ireland. Following correction for multiple comparisons, we did not find any significant associations between single polymorphic markers or multiple-marker haplotypes and susceptibility to MS. Furthermore, we analysed 2 SNPs in the TAC1 gene in a set of Sardinian trio MS families, based on our previous observation of association of these SNPs with MS in the Northern Irish (Genes Immun. 2005, 6, 265-270). Analysis of these SNPs in the Sardinians was not significant though a similar trend to that originally observed in the Northern Irish was present. Meta-analysis of the Sardinian and Northern Irish TAC1 SNP genotype data revealed a Mantel-Haenszel Common OR Estimate for the TAC1 intron 1 SNP rs2072100 of 0.76 (95% CI 0.63-0.92; P=0.005; A allele) and for the TAC1 promoter SNP rs7793277 of 0.76 (95% CI 0.615-0.95; P=0.014; C allele). Our data advocate a need for further exploration of the TAC1 gene region in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cunningham
- Applied Genomics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University of Belfast, and Neurology Department, Royal Victoria Hospital, UK
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Baghdady A, Blervacq AS, Jouanin L, Grima-Pettenati J, Sivadon P, Hawkins S. Eucalyptus gunnii CCR and CAD2 promoters are active in lignifying cells during primary and secondary xylem formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2006; 44:674-83. [PMID: 17107813 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-specific expression patterns of the Eucalyptus gunnii cinnamoyl coenzymeA reductase (EgCCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (EgCAD2) promoters were analyzed by promoter-GUS histochemistry in the primary and secondary xylem tissues from floral stems and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression patterns indicated that the EgCCR and EgCAD2 genes were expressed in a coordinated manner in primary and secondary xylem tissues of the Arabidopsis floral stem and root. Both genes were expressed in all lignifying cells (vessel elements, xylem fibers and paratracheal parenchyma cells) of xylem tissues. The capacity for long-term monolignol production appeared to be related to the cell-specific developmental processes and biological roles of different cell types. Our results suggested that lignification of short-lived vessel elements was achieved by a two-step process involving (i) monolignol production by vessel elements prior to vessel programmed cell death and (ii) subsequent monolignol production by vessel-associated living paratracheal parenchyma cells following vessel element cell death. EgCCR and EgCAD2 gene expression patterns suggested that the process of xylem cell lignification was similar in both primary and secondary xylem tissues in Arabidopsis floral stems and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baghdady
- Stress abiotiques et différenciation des végétaux cultivés, UMR USTL-INRA 1281, université des sciences et technologies de Lille, bâtiment SN2, cité scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve-d'Ascq cedex, France
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Ban M, Booth D, Heard R, Stewart G, Goris A, Vandenbroeck K, Dubois B, Laaksonen M, Ilonen J, Alizadeh M, Edan G, Babron MC, Brassat D, Clanet M, Cournu-Rebeix I, Fontaine B, Semana G, Goedde R, Epplen J, Weber A, Infante-Duarte C, Zipp F, Rajda C, Bencsik K, Vécsei L, Heggarty S, Graham C, Hawkins S, Liguori M, Momigliano-Richiardi P, Caputo D, Grimaldi LME, Leone M, Massacesi L, Milanese C, Salvetti M, Savettieri G, Trojano M, Bielecki B, Mycko MP, Selmaj K, Santos M, Maciel P, Pereira C, Silva A, Silva BM, Coraddu F, Marrosu MG, Akesson E, Hillert J, Datta P, Oturai A, Harbo HF, Spurkland A, Goertsches R, Villoslada P, Eraksoy M, Hensiek A, Compston A, Setakis E, Gray J, Yeo TW, Sawcer S. Linkage disequilibrium screening for multiple sclerosis implicates JAG1 and POU2AF1 as susceptibility genes in Europeans. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 179:108-16. [PMID: 16934875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
By combining all the data available from the Genetic Analysis of Multiple sclerosis in EuropeanS (GAMES) project, we have been able to identify 17 microsatellite markers showing consistent evidence for apparent association. As might be expected five of these markers map within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and are in LD with HLA-DRB1. Individual genotyping of the 12 non-MHC markers confirmed association for three of them--D11S1986, D19S552 and D20S894. Association mapping across the candidate genes implicated by these markers in 937 UK trio families revealed modestly associated haplotypes in JAG1 (p=0.019) on chromosome 20p12.2 and POU2AF1 (p=0.003) on chromosome 11q23.1.
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Mathieu M, Lelu-Walter MA, Blervacq AS, David H, Hawkins S, Neutelings G. Germin-like genes are expressed during somatic embryogenesis and early development of conifers. Plant Mol Biol 2006; 61:615-27. [PMID: 16897479 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) are members of a superfamily of proteins widely distributed in plants. Their localization within the extracellular matrix and in some cases their hydrogen peroxide-producing activity suggests that these proteins are involved in cell wall metabolism during stress responses and developmental processes. Several very highly conserved conifer GLPs have been identified in somatic embryo tissues. In order to gain more knowledge on their potential involvement in the development of this particular tissue, we have characterized a new GLP gene, LmGER1 in hybrid larch. Anti-GLP immunserum and in-gel activity analyses suggested the presence of superoxide dismutase activity in apoplastic proteins from larch somatic embryos. These results could indicate a possible role for LmGER1 in this physiological process. The expression of LmGER1 has been followed during the maturation of somatic embryos and in different organs of young plantlets by homologous transformation with a promoter-gus construct. This promoter was activated in the root cap of young embryos and, later on, in the cotyledons and in the vascular procambium and xylem. Furthermore, the importance of this gene in embryo development was evaluated by transforming embryonal masses with a gene construct encoding a hairpin RNA leading to gene silencing. The potential role of LmGER1 in cross-linking of cell wall components is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Parois Végétales UPRES EA3568-USC INRA, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât SN2, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Cunningham S, Graham C, Hutchinson M, Droogan A, O'Rourke K, Patterson C, McDonnell G, Hawkins S, Vandenbroeck K. Pharmacogenomics of responsiveness to interferon IFN-beta treatment in multiple sclerosis: a genetic screen of 100 type I interferon-inducible genes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 78:635-46. [PMID: 16338279 DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interferon IFN-beta is indicated for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. A significant proportion of patients show a poor clinical response to therapy. Type I interferon exerts its effect at least partially through interaction of specific transcription factors with interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs), mostly located in promoter regions of its target genes. We hypothesized that polymorphisms may occur within or close to ISRE elements, altering type I interferon inducibility and ultimately leading to a modified clinical response in carriers. METHODS We selected 100 ISRE-containing genes and sequenced their promoter regions in small genomic deoxyribonucleic acid pools of responding and nonresponding patients, as well as healthy control subjects. A selection of polymorphisms discovered by this approach was scrutinized subsequently in a collection of individual deoxyribonucleic acid samples. RESULTS We identified 4 genes containing polymorphisms associated with response to recombinant IFN-beta: IFNAR1 (P = .036), LMP7 (P = .002; odds ratio [OR], 6.37 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.84-24.1]), CTSS (P = .02; OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.18-0.84]), and MxA (P = .015; OR, 3.37 [95% CI, 1.11-11.4]). Logistic regression analysis with treatment outcome used as the dependent variable and genotype as the independent variable revealed 2 genes, LMP7 (OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.34-0.89]) and MxA (OR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.19-0.88]), that were independently associated with treatment response. CONCLUSIONS Our work confirms and extends previous indications for a polygenic mechanism involved in bringing about responsiveness to recombinant IFN-beta. The identification of 2 genes active in the antigen processing and presentation cascade; that is, LMP7, coding for the proteasome subunit beta, and CTSS, coding for cathepsin S; as potential response modifiers may identify this pathway as being of particular relevance to phenotypic expression of response heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cunningham
- Applied Genomics Research Group, McClay Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, UK
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