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Mazzoni F, Alvisi S, Blokker M, Buchberger SG, Castelletti A, Cominola A, Gross MP, Jacobs HE, Mayer P, Steffelbauer DB, Stewart RA, Stillwell AS, Tzatchkov V, Yamanaka VHA, Franchini M. Investigating the characteristics of residential end uses of water: A worldwide review. Water Res 2023; 230:119500. [PMID: 36640613 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A detailed characterization of residential water consumption is essential for ensuring urban water systems' capability to cope with changing water resources availability and water demands induced by growing population, urbanization, and climate change. Several studies have been conducted in the last decades to investigate the characteristics of residential water consumption with data at a sufficiently fine temporal resolution for grasping individual end uses of water. In this paper, we systematically review 114 studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research about water consumption at the end-use level. Specifically, we contribute with: (1) an in-depth discussion of the most relevant findings of each study, highlighting which water end-use characteristics were so far prioritized for investigation in different case studies and water demand modelling and management studies from around the world; and (2) a multi-level analysis to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the most common results available in the literature, i.e. daily per capita end-use water consumption, end-use parameter average values and statistical distributions, end-use daily profiles, end-use determinants, and considerations about efficiency and diffusion of water-saving end uses. Our findings can support water utilities, consumers, and researchers (1) in understanding which key aspects of water end uses were primarily investigated in the last decades; and (2) in exploring their main features considering different geographical, cultural, and socio-economic regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Mazzoni
- PhD Student, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44124, Italy.
| | - Stefano Alvisi
- Associate Professor, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44124, Italy
| | - Mirjam Blokker
- Senior Researcher and Lecturer, TU Delft, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Stevinweg 1, Delft, CN 2628, The Netherlands; PhD, KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, Nieuwegein, PE 3433, The Netherlands
| | - Steven G Buchberger
- Professor, Civil and Architecture Engineering and Construction Management Department, University of Cincinnati, 765 Baldwin Hall, 2850 Campus Way Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, United States
| | - Andrea Castelletti
- Professor, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Cominola
- Assistant Professor, Chair of Smart Water Networks, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135,, Berlin 10623, Germany; Einstein Center Digital Future, Wilhelmstraße 67, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Marie-Philine Gross
- Einstein Center Digital Future, Wilhelmstraße 67, Berlin 10117, Germany; Research Assistant, Chair of Smart Water Networks, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Heinz E Jacobs
- Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Bosman Street, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Peter Mayer
- Water DM Principal and Founder, Water Demand Management LLC, 1339 Hawthorn Avenue, Boulder, CO 80304-2212, United States
| | - David B Steffelbauer
- Group Leader Hydroinformatics, Department of Urban Systems, Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Cicerostr. 24, Berlin 10709, Germany
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- Professor, School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Ashlynn S Stillwell
- Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205N Mathews Ave, MC-250, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Velitchko Tzatchkov
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology, Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos Mexico
| | - Victor-Hugo Alcocer Yamanaka
- Professor, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3004, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Franchini
- Professor, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44124, Italy
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Alvisi S, Casellato F, Franchini M, Govoni M, Luciani C, Poltronieri F, Riberto G, Stefanelli C, Tortonesi M. Wireless Middleware Solutions for Smart Water Metering. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19081853. [PMID: 31003457 PMCID: PMC6514919 DOI: 10.3390/s19081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While smart metering applications have initially focused on energy and gas utility markets, water consumption has recently become the subject of increasing attention. Unfortunately, despite the large number of solutions available on the market, the lack of an open and widely accepted communication standard means that vendors typically propose proprietary data collection solutions whose adoption causes non-trivial problems to water utility companies in term of costs, vendor lock-in, and lack of control on the data collection infrastructure. There is the need for open and interoperable smart water metering solutions, capable of collecting data from the wide range of water meters on the market. This paper reports our experience in the development and field testing of a highly interoperable smart water metering solution, which we designed in collaboration with several water utility companies and which we deployed in Gorino Ferrarese, Italy, in collaboration with CADF (Consorzio Acque Delta Ferrarese), the water utility serving the city. At the core of our solution is SWaMM (Smart Water Metering Middleware), an interoperable wireless IoT middleware based on the Edge computing paradigm, which proved extremely effective in interfacing with several types of smart water meters operating with different protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alvisi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Franchini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Marco Govoni
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Chiara Luciani
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | - Giulio Riberto
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Cesare Stefanelli
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mauro Tortonesi
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gavanelli
- ENDIF, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy. E-mails: , , , ,
| | - Maddalena Nonato
- ENDIF, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy. E-mails: , , , ,
| | - Andrea Peano
- ENDIF, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy. E-mails: , , , ,
| | - Stefano Alvisi
- ENDIF, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy. E-mails: , , , ,
| | - Marco Franchini
- ENDIF, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy. E-mails: , , , ,
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