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García-Valiñas M, Arbués F, Balado-Naves R. Assessing environmental profiles: An analysis of water consumption and waste recycling habits. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119247. [PMID: 37827076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Individual pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors are determinant for long-term sustainability. We assessed profiles of an exclusive sample of 1351 households in the municipality of Gijón, Spain, in terms of their water consumption and recycling patterns using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). This methodology allows for households to be classified into groups without imposing any ad hoc criteria and provides information on the determinants of belonging to each group. The database includes the water consumption, self-reported environmental attitudes, and socioeconomic characteristics of the households. The results showed four significant household groups, where smaller families located in urban areas containing at least one homemaker and equipped with water efficient devices are more likely to present the best pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors related to water use and recycling habits. Furthermore, we found that providing better information in terms of water billing and the environmental impact of human behavior also fosters environmentally friendly habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian García-Valiñas
- University of Oviedo, Department of Economics, Avda. del Cristo, s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Fernando Arbués
- University of Zaragoza, Department of Applied Economics, C. de Violante de Hungría, 23, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Roberto Balado-Naves
- University of Oviedo, Department of Economics, Avda. del Cristo, s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
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Mazzoni F, Alvisi S, Blokker M, Buchberger SG, Castelletti A, Cominola A, Gross MP, Jacobs HE, Mayer P, Steffelbauer DB, Stewart RA, Stillwell AS, Tzatchkov V, Yamanaka VHA, Franchini M. Investigating the characteristics of residential end uses of water: A worldwide review. Water Res 2023; 230:119500. [PMID: 36640613 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A detailed characterization of residential water consumption is essential for ensuring urban water systems' capability to cope with changing water resources availability and water demands induced by growing population, urbanization, and climate change. Several studies have been conducted in the last decades to investigate the characteristics of residential water consumption with data at a sufficiently fine temporal resolution for grasping individual end uses of water. In this paper, we systematically review 114 studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research about water consumption at the end-use level. Specifically, we contribute with: (1) an in-depth discussion of the most relevant findings of each study, highlighting which water end-use characteristics were so far prioritized for investigation in different case studies and water demand modelling and management studies from around the world; and (2) a multi-level analysis to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the most common results available in the literature, i.e. daily per capita end-use water consumption, end-use parameter average values and statistical distributions, end-use daily profiles, end-use determinants, and considerations about efficiency and diffusion of water-saving end uses. Our findings can support water utilities, consumers, and researchers (1) in understanding which key aspects of water end uses were primarily investigated in the last decades; and (2) in exploring their main features considering different geographical, cultural, and socio-economic regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Mazzoni
- PhD Student, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44124, Italy.
| | - Stefano Alvisi
- Associate Professor, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44124, Italy
| | - Mirjam Blokker
- Senior Researcher and Lecturer, TU Delft, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Stevinweg 1, Delft, CN 2628, The Netherlands; PhD, KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, Nieuwegein, PE 3433, The Netherlands
| | - Steven G Buchberger
- Professor, Civil and Architecture Engineering and Construction Management Department, University of Cincinnati, 765 Baldwin Hall, 2850 Campus Way Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, United States
| | - Andrea Castelletti
- Professor, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Cominola
- Assistant Professor, Chair of Smart Water Networks, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135,, Berlin 10623, Germany; Einstein Center Digital Future, Wilhelmstraße 67, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Marie-Philine Gross
- Einstein Center Digital Future, Wilhelmstraße 67, Berlin 10117, Germany; Research Assistant, Chair of Smart Water Networks, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Heinz E Jacobs
- Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Bosman Street, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Peter Mayer
- Water DM Principal and Founder, Water Demand Management LLC, 1339 Hawthorn Avenue, Boulder, CO 80304-2212, United States
| | - David B Steffelbauer
- Group Leader Hydroinformatics, Department of Urban Systems, Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Cicerostr. 24, Berlin 10709, Germany
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- Professor, School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Ashlynn S Stillwell
- Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205N Mathews Ave, MC-250, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Velitchko Tzatchkov
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology, Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos Mexico
| | - Victor-Hugo Alcocer Yamanaka
- Professor, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3004, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Franchini
- Professor, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44124, Italy
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Agudelo-Vera CM, Keesman KJ, Mels AR, Rijnaarts HHM. Evaluating the potential of improving residential water balance at building scale. Water Res 2013; 47:7287-7299. [PMID: 24238880 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Earlier results indicated that, for an average household, self-sufficiency in water supply can be achieved by following the Urban harvest Approach (UHA), in a combination of demand minimization, cascading and multi-sourcing. To achieve these results, it was assumed that all available local resources can be harvested. In reality, however, temporal, spatial and location-bound factors pose limitations to this harvest and, thus, to self-sufficiency. This article investigates potential spatial and temporal limitations to harvest local water resources at building level for the Netherlands, with a focus on indoor demand. Two building types were studied, a free standing house (one four-people household) and a mid-rise apartment flat (28 two-person households). To be able to model yearly water balances, daily patterns considering household occupancy and presence of water using appliances were defined per building type. Three strategies were defined. The strategies include demand minimization, light grey water (LGW) recycling, and rainwater harvesting (multi-sourcing). Recycling and multi-sourcing cater for toilet flushing and laundry machine. Results showed that water saving devices may reduce 30% of the conventional demand. Recycling of LGW can supply 100% of second quality water (DQ2) which represents 36% of the conventional demand or up to 20% of the minimized demand. Rainwater harvesting may supply approximately 80% of the minimized demand in case of the apartment flat and 60% in case of the free standing house. To harvest these potentials, different system specifications, related to the household type, are required. Two constraints to recycle and multi-source were identified, namely i) limitations in the grey water production and available rainfall; and ii) the potential to harvest water as determined by the temporal pattern in water availability, water use, and storage and treatment capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Agudelo-Vera
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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