1
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Oliviero C, Hinz SC, Grzeschik J, Hock B, Kolmar H, Hagens G. Cell Line Development Using Targeted Gene Integration into MAR-Rich Landing Pads for Stable Expression of Transgenes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2681:343-359. [PMID: 37405657 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3279-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Integration of a gene of interest (GOI) into the genome of mammalian cells is the first step of cell line development campaigns for the production of biotherapeutics. Besides random integration methods, targeted gene integration approaches have emerged as promising tools over the last few years. In addition to reducing heterogeneity within a pool of recombinant transfectants, this process can also facilitate shorter timelines of the current cell line development process. Herein, we describe protocols for generating host cell lines carrying matrix attachment region (MAR)-rich landing pads (LPs), including BxB1 recombination sites. These LP-containing cell lines allow for site-specific and simultaneous integration of multiple GOIs. The resulting transgene-expressing stable recombinant clones can be used for the production of mono- or multispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Oliviero
- Institute of Life Technologies, Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie HES-SO Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Institute of Life Technologies, Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie HES-SO Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - Björn Hock
- Aerium Therapeutics, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerrit Hagens
- Institute of Life Technologies, Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie HES-SO Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland.
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2
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Oliviero C, Hinz SC, Bogen JP, Kornmann H, Hock B, Kolmar H, Hagens G. Generation of a Host Cell line containing a MAR-rich landing pad for site-specific integration and expression of transgenes. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3254. [PMID: 35396920 PMCID: PMC9539524 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, targeted gene integration (TI) has been introduced as a strategy for the generation of recombinant mammalian cell lines for the production of biotherapeutics. Besides reducing the immense heterogeneity within a pool of recombinant transfectants, TI also aims at shortening the duration of the current cell line development process. Here we describe the generation of a host cell line carrying Matrix‐Attachment Region (MAR)‐rich landing pads (LPs), which allow for the simultaneous and site‐specific integration of multiple genes of interest (GOIs). We show that several copies of each chicken lysozyme 5'MAR‐based LP containing either BxB1 wild type or mutated recombination sites, integrated at one random chromosomal locus of the host cell genome. We further demonstrate that these LP‐containing host cell lines can be used for the site‐specific integration of several GOIs and thus, generation of transgene‐expressing stable recombinant clones. Transgene expression was shown by site‐specific integration of heavy and light chain genes coding for a monospecific antibody (msAb) as well as for a bi‐specific antibody (bsAb). The genetic stability of the herein described LP‐based recombinant clones expressing msAb or bsAb was demonstrated by cultivating the recombinant clones and measuring antibody titers over 85 generations. We conclude that the host cell containing multiple copies of MAR‐rich landing pads can be successfully used for stable expression of one or several GOIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Oliviero
- Institute of Life Technology, Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie HES-SO Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 19, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Institute of Life Technology, Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie HES-SO Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 19, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Jan P Bogen
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Henri Kornmann
- Ferring Biologics Innovation Center, Route de la Corniche 8, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Björn Hock
- Ferring Biologics Innovation Center, Route de la Corniche 8, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.,SwissThera SA, Route de la Corniche 4, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerrit Hagens
- Institute of Life Technology, Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie HES-SO Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 19, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
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3
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Pekar L, Busch M, Valldorf B, Hinz SC, Toleikis L, Krah S, Zielonka S. Biophysical and biochemical characterization of a VHH-based IgG-like bi- and trispecific antibody platform. MAbs 2021; 12:1812210. [PMID: 32887531 PMCID: PMC7531565 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1812210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the characterization of a VHH-derived IgG-like bi- and trispecific antibody platform that essentially relies on the replacement of the VH and VL regions of a conventional antibody by two independently functioning VHH domains. Consequently, a VHH is engrafted onto constant region CH1 while the other VHH-based paratope is engrafted on the constant region of the light chain, Cκ or Cλ, resulting in a tetravalent bispecific IgG-like molecule. Combined with a heavy chain heterodimerization technique, this platform allows facile engineering of bi- and trispecific antibodies with flexible valencies. We demonstrate the general applicability of this generic platform approach and elaborate on the limitations of specific formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pekar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Busch
- Discovery Pharmacology, Merck KGaA , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Valldorf
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Elter A, Bock T, Spiehl D, Russo G, Hinz SC, Bitsch S, Baum E, Langhans M, Meckel T, Dörsam E, Kolmar H, Schwall G. Carbohydrate binding module-fused antibodies improve the performance of cellulose-based lateral flow immunoassays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7880. [PMID: 33846482 PMCID: PMC8042022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the pandemic outbreak of Covid-19 in December 2019, several lateral flow assay (LFA) devices were developed to enable the constant monitoring of regional and global infection processes. Additionally, innumerable lateral flow test devices are frequently used for determination of different clinical parameters, food safety, and environmental factors. Since common LFAs rely on non-biodegradable nitrocellulose membranes, we focused on their replacement by cellulose-composed, biodegradable papers. We report the development of cellulose paper-based lateral flow immunoassays using a carbohydrate-binding module-fused to detection antibodies. Studies regarding the protein binding capacity and potential protein wash-off effects on cellulose paper demonstrated a 2.7-fold protein binding capacity of CBM-fused antibody fragments compared to the sole antibody fragment. Furthermore, this strategy improved the spatial retention of CBM-fused detection antibodies to the test area, which resulted in an enhanced sensitivity and improved overall LFA-performance compared to the naked detection antibody. CBM-assisted antibodies were validated by implementation into two model lateral flow test devices (pregnancy detection and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies). The CBM-assisted pregnancy LFA demonstrated sensitive detection of human gonadotropin (hCG) in synthetic urine and the CBM-assisted Covid-19 antibody LFA was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies present in serum. Our findings pave the way to the more frequent use of cellulose-based papers instead of nitrocellulose in LFA devices and thus potentially improve the sustainability in the field of POC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tina Bock
- Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Sustainability, Science and Technology Relations, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dieter Spiehl
- Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institue of Printing Science and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Magdalenenstrasse 2, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Department of Biotechnology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eva Baum
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Langhans
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Meckel
- Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Edgar Dörsam
- Institue of Printing Science and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Magdalenenstrasse 2, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany. .,Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Schwall
- Merck Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany. .,Sustainability, Science and Technology Relations, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
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5
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Valldorf B, Hinz SC, Russo G, Pekar L, Mohr L, Klemm J, Doerner A, Krah S, Hust M, Zielonka S. Antibody display technologies: selecting the cream of the crop. Biol Chem 2021; 403:455-477. [PMID: 33759431 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody display technologies enable the successful isolation of antigen-specific antibodies with therapeutic potential. The key feature that facilitates the selection of an antibody with prescribed properties is the coupling of the protein variant to its genetic information and is referred to as genotype phenotype coupling. There are several different platform technologies based on prokaryotic organisms as well as strategies employing higher eukaryotes. Among those, phage display is the most established system with more than a dozen of therapeutic antibodies approved for therapy that have been discovered or engineered using this approach. In recent years several other technologies gained a certain level of maturity, most strikingly mammalian display. In this review, we delineate the most important selection systems with respect to antibody generation with an emphasis on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Valldorf
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Abcalis GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124Braunschweig, Germany.,Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, D-38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Mohr
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, D-60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janina Klemm
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, D-38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Elter A, Bogen JP, Hinz SC, Fiebig D, Macarrón Palacios A, Grzeschik J, Hock B, Kolmar H. Humanization of Chicken-Derived scFv Using Yeast Surface Display and NGS Data Mining. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000231. [PMID: 33078896 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Generation of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies by immunization of chickens is a valuable strategy, particularly for obtaining antibodies directed against epitopes that are conserved in mammals. A generic procedure is established for the humanization of chicken-derived antibodies. To this end, high-affinity binders of the epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain are isolated from immunized chickens using yeast surface display. Complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of two high-affinity binders are grafted onto a human acceptor framework. Simultaneously, Vernier zone residues, responsible for spatial CDR arrangement, are partially randomized. A yeast surface display library comprising ≈300 000 variants is screened for high-affinity binders in the scFv and Fab formats. Next-generation sequencing discloses humanized antibody variants with restored affinity and improved protein characteristics compared to the parental chicken antibodies. Furthermore, the sequencing data give new insights into the importance of antibody format, used during the humanization process. Starting from the antibody repertoire of immunized chickens, this work features an effective and fast high-throughput approach for the generation of multiple humanized antibodies with potential therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany
| | - Jan P Bogen
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany.,Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany
| | - David Fiebig
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany.,Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany
| | - Arturo Macarrón Palacios
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Ferring International Center S.A., Chemin de la Vergognausaz 50, Saint-Prex, 1162, Switzerland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany
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7
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Hinz SC, Elter A, Rammo O, Schwämmle A, Ali A, Zielonka S, Herget T, Kolmar H. A Generic Procedure for the Isolation of pH- and Magnesium-Responsive Chicken scFvs for Downstream Purification of Human Antibodies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:688. [PMID: 32656201 PMCID: PMC7324474 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity chromatography provides an excellent platform for protein purification, which is a key step in the large scale downstream processing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Protein A chromatography constitutes the gold standard for Mab purification. However, the required acidic conditions (2.8–3.5) for elution from the affinity matrix limit their applicability, particularly for next generation antibodies and antibody fusion proteins, since denaturation and irreversible aggregation can occur due to the acidic buffer conditions. Here we describe a generic procedure for the generation of antigen-specific chromatography ligands with tailor-made elution conditions. To this end, we generated a scFv-library based on mRNA from a chicken immunized with human Fc. The antibody repertoire was displayed on yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae screened via FACS toward pH- and magnesium-responsive scFvs which specifically recognize human IgG antibodies. Isolated scFvs were reformatted, produced in Escherichia coli and immobilized on NHS-agarose columns. Several scFvs were identified that mediated antibody binding at neutral pH and antibody recovery at pH values of 4.5 and higher or even at neutral pH upon MgCl2 exposure. The iterative screening methodology established here is generally amenable to the straightforward isolation of stimulus-responsive antibodies that may become valuable tools for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Oliver Rammo
- Life Science Division, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Ataurehman Ali
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Herget
- Strategy und Transformation, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Hinz SC, Elter A, Grzeschik J, Habermann J, Becker B, Kolmar H. Simplifying the Detection of Surface Presentation Levels in Yeast Surface Display by Intracellular tGFP Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2070:211-222. [PMID: 31625098 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9853-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Yeast surface display (YSD) is an ultra-high throughput method used in protein engineering. Protein-protein interactions as well as surface presentation on the yeast cell surface are verified through fluorophore-conjugated labeling agents.In this chapter we describe an improved setup for full-length surface presentation detection. To this end, we used a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding for the protein to be displayed and a 2A sequence and tGFP for an intracellular fluorescence signal. The 2A sequence allows the simultaneous generation of two separate proteins from the same ORF through ribosomal skipping. The entangled expression of the POI on the yeast surface and intracellular tGFP obviates the need for fluorescent staining steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Habermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bastian Becker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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9
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Bogen JP, Hinz SC, Grzeschik J, Ebenig A, Krah S, Zielonka S, Kolmar H. Dual Function pH Responsive Bispecific Antibodies for Tumor Targeting and Antigen Depletion in Plasma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1892. [PMID: 31447859 PMCID: PMC6697062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shedding of membrane-bound cell surface proteins, where the extracellular domain is released and found in the circulation is a common phenomenon. A prominent example is CEACAM5 (CEA, CD66e), where the shed domain plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis. For treatment of solid tumors, the presence of the tumor-specific antigen in the plasma can be problematic since tumor-specific antibodies might be intercepted by the soluble antigen before invading their desired tumor target area. To overcome this problem, we developed a generic procedure to generate bispecific antibodies, where one arm binds the antigen in a pH-dependent manner thereby enhancing antigen clearance upon endosomal uptake, while the other arm is able to target tumor cells pH-independently. This was achieved by incorporating pH-sensitive binding modalities in the common light chain IGKV3-15*01 of a CEACAM5 binding heavy chain only antibody. Screening of a histidine-doped light chain library using yeast surface display enabled the isolation of pH-dependent binders. When such a light chain was utilized as a common light chain in a bispecific antibody format, only the respective heavy/light chain combination, identified during selections, displayed pH-responsive binding. In addition, we found that the altered common light chain does not negatively impact the affinity of other heavy chain only binders toward their respective antigen. Our strategy may open new avenues for the generation of bispecifics, where one arm efficiently removes a shed antigen from the circulation while the other arm targets a tumor marker in a pH-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Bogen
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aileen Ebenig
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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10
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Roth L, Grzeschik J, Hinz SC, Becker S, Toleikis L, Busch M, Kolmar H, Krah S, Zielonka S. Facile generation of antibody heavy and light chain diversities for yeast surface display by Golden Gate Cloning. Biol Chem 2018; 400:383-393. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibodies can be successfully engineered and isolated by yeast or phage display of combinatorial libraries. Still, generation of libraries comprising heavy chain as well as light chain diversities is a cumbersome process involving multiple steps. Within this study, we set out to compare the output of yeast display screening of antibody Fab libraries from immunized rodents that were generated by Golden Gate Cloning (GGC) with the conventional three-step method of individual heavy- and light-chain sub-library construction followed by chain combination via yeast mating (YM). We demonstrate that the GGC-based one-step process delivers libraries and antibodies from heavy- and light-chain diversities with similar quality to the traditional method while being significantly less complex and faster. Additionally, we show that this method can also be used to successfully screen and isolate chimeric chicken/human antibodies following avian immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Steffen C. Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Michael Busch
- Discovery Pharmacology, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
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Grzeschik J, Yanakieva D, Roth L, Krah S, Hinz SC, Elter A, Zollmann T, Schwall G, Zielonka S, Kolmar H. Yeast Surface Display in Combination with Fluorescence‐activated Cell Sorting Enables the Rapid Isolation of Antibody Fragments Derived from Immunized Chickens. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800466. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Desislava Yanakieva
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Lukas Roth
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Steffen C. Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Tina Zollmann
- Science RelationsMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Gerhard Schwall
- Science RelationsMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
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Grzeschik J, Könning D, Hinz SC, Krah S, Schröter C, Empting M, Kolmar H, Zielonka S. Generation of Semi-Synthetic Shark IgNAR Single-Domain Antibody Libraries. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1701:147-167. [PMID: 29116504 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7447-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Besides classical antibodies with the composition of heavy and light chains, sharks produce a unique heavy chain only isotype, termed Immunoglobulin New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR), in which antigen binding is solely mediated by a single domain, referred to as vNAR. Owing to their high affinity and specificity combined with their small size and high stability, vNAR domains emerged as promising target-binding scaffolds that can be tailor-made for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Herein, we describe protocols for the construction of semi-synthetic, CDR3-randomized vNAR libraries for the isolation of target-specific antibodies using yeast surface display or phage display as platform technology. Additionally, we provide information for affinity maturation of target-specific molecules through CDR1 diversification and sublibrary establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Doreen Könning
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck-Serono, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Schröter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck-Serono, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Department Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany. .,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck-Serono, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Grzeschik J, Hinz SC, Könning D, Pirzer T, Becker S, Zielonka S, Kolmar H. A simplified procedure for antibody engineering by yeast surface display: Coupling display levels and target binding by ribosomal skipping. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Steffen C. Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Doreen Könning
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Thomas Pirzer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies; Merck Serono, Merck KGaA; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
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