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Hopf H, Mehta G, Matlin SA. Professor Alain Krief: Advancing Chemistry; From Innovative Synthesis to Promoting Sustainable Development. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOver more than five decades, Alain Krief’s career has encompassed many contributions to chemistry, notably in his innovative work in the areas of organic synthesis and the use of inorganic and organic reagents, as well as his work on bioorganic chemistry and applications of information technology in chemistry. His research on the synthesis of cyclopropanes, including chrysanthemic acid and other pyrethroids, and the uses of selenium compounds in organic synthesis, have been of particular importance and have found widespread applications. In addition, his roles in international collaborations in research and his leadership of the International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development from 2009 to 2020 have marked his strong commitment to the importance of chemistry as a science for the benefit of society and a contributor to the goal of sustainable development.1 Introduction2 A Spectrum of Research3 Leadership of the International Organization for Chemical Sciences
in Development (IOCD)
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hopf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
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2
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Matlin SA, Cornell SE, Krief A, Hopf H, Mehta G. Chemistry must respond to the crisis of transgression of planetary boundaries. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11710-11720. [PMID: 36348954 PMCID: PMC9627718 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent assessments alarmingly indicate that many of the world's leading chemicals are transgressing one or more of the nine planetary boundaries, which define safe operating spaces within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive for generations to come. The unfolding crisis cannot be ignored and there is a once-in-a-century opportunity for chemistry - the science of transformation of matter - to make a critical difference to the future of people and planet. How can chemists contribute to meeting these challenges and restore stability and strengthen resilience to the planetary system that humanity needs for its survival? To respond to the wake-up call, three crucial steps are outlined: (1) urgently working to understand the nature of the looming threats, from a chemistry perspective; (2) harnessing the ingenuity and innovation that are central to the practice of chemistry to develop sustainable solutions; and (3) transforming chemistry itself, in education, research and industry, to re-position it as 'chemistry for sustainability' and lead the stewardship of the world's chemical resources. This will require conservation of material stocks in forms that remain available for use, through attention to circularity, as well as strengthening engagement in systems-based approaches to designing chemistry research and processes informed by convergent working with many other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development 61 rue de Bruxelles B-5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Sarah E Cornell
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development 61 rue de Bruxelles B-5000 Namur Belgium
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Faculty of Science, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alain Krief
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development 61 rue de Bruxelles B-5000 Namur Belgium
- Chemistry Department, Namur University B-5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Henning Hopf
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development 61 rue de Bruxelles B-5000 Namur Belgium
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig D-38106 Germany
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development 61 rue de Bruxelles B-5000 Namur Belgium
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500046 India
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3
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Matlin SA, Smith AC, Merone J, LeVoy M, Shah J, Vanbiervliet F, Vandentorren S, Vearey J, Saso L. The Challenge of Reaching Undocumented Migrants with COVID-19 Vaccination. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19169973. [PMID: 36011606 PMCID: PMC9408401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Access to vaccination against a health threat such as that presented by the COVID-19 pandemic is an imperative driven, in principle, by at least three compelling factors: (1) the right to health of all people, irrespective of their status; (2) humanitarian need of undocumented migrants, as well as of others including documented migrants, refugees and displaced people who are sometimes vulnerable and living in precarious situations; and (3) the need to ensure heath security globally and nationally, which in the case of a global pandemic requires operating on the basis that, for vaccination strategies to succeed in fighting a pandemic, the highest possible levels of vaccine uptake are required. Yet some population segments have had limited access to mainstream health systems, both prior to as well as during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with irregular resident status are among those who face extremely high barriers in accessing both preventative and curative health care. This is due to a range of factors that drive exclusion, both on the supply side (e.g., systemic and practical restrictions in service delivery) and the demand side (e.g., in uptake, including due to fears that personal data would be transmitted to immigration authorities). Moreover, undocumented people have often been at increased risk of infection due to their role as "essential workers", including those experiencing higher exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus due to frontline occupations while lacking protective equipment. Often, they have also been largely left out of social protection measures granted by governments to their populations during successive lockdowns. This article reviews the factors that serve as supply-side and demand-side barriers to vaccination for undocumented migrants and considers what steps need to be taken to ensure that inclusive approaches operate in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Alyna C. Smith
- Rue du Congrès/Congresstraat 37-41, P.O. Box 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jessica Merone
- Human Rights Center, University of Padova, Via 8 Febbraio, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Michele LeVoy
- Rue du Congrès/Congresstraat 37-41, P.O. Box 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jalpa Shah
- Santé Publique France, 12 rue du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Santé Publique France, 12 rue du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
- INSERM UMR 1219-Bordeaux Population Health, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Joanna Vearey
- African Centre for Migration & Society (ACMS), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Mehta G, Cornell SE, Krief A, Hopf H, Matlin SA. A shared future: chemistry's engagement is essential for resilience of people and planet. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:212004. [PMID: 35601450 PMCID: PMC9039782 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.212004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strengthening resilience-elasticity or adaptive capacity-is essential in responding to the wide range of natural hazards and anthropogenic changes humanity faces. Chemistry's roles in resilience are explored for the first time, with its technical capacities set in the wider contexts of cross-disciplinary working and the intersecting worlds of science, society and policy. The roles are framed by chemistry's contributions to the sustainability of people and planet, examined via the human security framework's four material aspects of food, health, economic and environmental security. As the science of transformation of matter, chemistry is deeply involved in these material aspects and in their interfacing with human security's three societal and governance aspects of personal, community and political security. Ultimately, strengthening resilience requires making choices about the present use of resources as a hedge against future hazards and adverse events, with these choices being co-determined by technical capacities and social and political will. It is argued that, to intensify its contributions to resilience, chemistry needs to take action along at least three major lines: (i) taking an integrative approach to the field of 'chemistry and resilience'; (ii) rethinking how the chemical industry operates; and (iii) engaging more with society and policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Sarah E. Cornell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alain Krief
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Henning Hopf
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephen A. Matlin
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Matlin SA, Krief A, Hopf H, Mehta G. Re-imagining Priorities for Chemistry: A Central Science for "Freedom from Fear and Want". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25610-25623. [PMID: 34704655 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human security, defined as "freedom from want and fear and freedom to live in dignity", provides an overarching concept to address threats to human security dimensions such as health, food, economics, the environment and sustainable development, while placing the individual at the centre of attention. Chemistry is central to addressing these challenges, but surprisingly its role and contributions to human security have hitherto not been explicitly set out. This article situates chemistry in the human security framework, highlighting areas where chemistry knowledge, methods and products are vital. It underscores three complementary facets: 1) chemistry contributes to many dimensions of human security, but needs to do much more in the light of oncoming global challenges; 2) the human security framing illuminates areas where chemistry itself needs to adapt to contribute better, by intensification of current approaches and/or by building or strengthening chemistry tools, skills and competencies; and 3) repositioning as central to human security affords chemistry a powerful opportunity to refresh itself as a science for the benefit of society-and it will need to engage more directly and dynamically at the interface of science, society and policy in order to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, Faculty Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alain Krief
- Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Henning Hopf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation Imperial College London Faculty Building, South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Alain Krief
- Department of Chemistry University of Namur Belgium
| | - Henning Hopf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Technical University of Braunschweig Germany
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Matlin SA, Karadag O, Brando CR, Góis P, Karabey S, Khan MMH, Saleh S, Takian A, Saso L. COVID-19: Marking the Gaps in Migrant and Refugee Health in Some Massive Migration Areas. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12639. [PMID: 34886367 PMCID: PMC8657173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The health of migrants and refugees, which has long been a cause for concern, has come under greatly increased pressure in the last decade. Against a background where the world has witnessed the largest numbers of migrants in history, the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has stretched the capacities of countries and of aid, health and relief organizations, from global to local levels, to meet the human rights and pressing needs of migrants and refugees for access to health care and to public health measures needed to protect them from the pandemic. The overview in this article of the situation in examples of middle-income countries that have hosted mass migration in recent years has drawn on information from summaries presented in an M8 Alliance Expert Meeting, from peer-reviewed literature and from reports from international agencies concerned with the status and health of migrants and refugees. The multi-factor approach developed here draws on perspectives from structural factors (including rights, governance, policies and practices), health determinants (including economic, environmental, social and political, as well as migration itself as a determinant) and the human security framework (defined as "freedom from want and fear and freedom to live in dignity" and incorporating the interactive dimensions of health, food, environmental, economic, personal, community and political security). These integrate as a multi-component 'ecological perspective' to examine the legal status, health rights and access to health care and other services of migrants and refugees, to mark gap areas and to consider the implications for improving health security both for them and for the communities in countries in which they reside or through which they transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ozge Karadag
- Center for Sustainable Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10115, USA
| | - Claudio R. Brando
- Education and International Relations Office, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá 11001, Colombia;
| | - Pedro Góis
- Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Selma Karabey
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey;
| | - Md. Mobarak Hossain Khan
- Department of Social Relations, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Shadi Saleh
- Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Amirhossein Takian
- Health Equity Research Center (HERC) and Department of Global Health & Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Matlin SA, Orcutt M, Bojorquez I, Caman OK, Severoni S, Spiegel P, Veizis A, Saso L. COVID-19 and migrant and refugee health: A pointer to system competence in future pandemic preparedness. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 36:100904. [PMID: 34124633 PMCID: PMC8173249 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Orcutt
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ozge Karadag Caman
- Center for Sustainable Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Santino Severoni
- Migration Health Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Spiegel
- Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Mehta G, Hopf H, Krief A, Matlin SA. Realigning science, society and policy in uncertain times. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200554. [PMID: 32537231 PMCID: PMC7277255 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Against a backdrop of rapidly changing social, economic and geopolitical settings and ideologies, the world is facing a wide range of challenges, including in biodiversity, climate, energy, the environment, food, health and water. These can only be addressed by fully harnessing key capacities that science offers. However, there is a crisis of trust in science which affects some sections of society and some policy-makers, impairing the capacity of science to deliver its essential roles. This damaged relationship between science, society and policy has immense health, economic and social consequences and implications for sustainability of the entire planet. Scientists must strive collectively to re-establish trust by society and politicians where it is damaged, and reinforce conviction of science's central importance in underpinning policy. Science's roles must in turn be acknowledged by policies that sustain innovation and freedom to work without political interference or constraints. A well-functioning and trusting relationship between science, society and policy-makers offers a potent means to thwart and mitigate emergent global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Henning Hopf
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Alain Krief
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stephen A. Matlin
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Hopf H, Matlin SA, Mehta G, Krief A. Blocking the Hype‐Hypocrisy‐Falsification‐Fakery Pathway is Needed to Safeguard Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2150-2154. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hopf
- Institute of Organic ChemistryTechnische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig 38106 Germany
- The co-authors are all members of theInternational Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development Namur Belgium
| | - Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health InnovationImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- The co-authors are all members of theInternational Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development Namur Belgium
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad India
- The co-authors are all members of theInternational Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development Namur Belgium
| | - Alain Krief
- Chemistry DepartmentNamur University Belgium
- The co-authors are all members of theInternational Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development Namur Belgium
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hopf
- Institute of Organic ChemistryTechnische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig 38106 Germany
- The co-authors are all members of theInternational Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development Namur Belgium
| | - Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health InnovationImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- The co-authors are all members of theInternational Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development Namur Belgium
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad India
- The co-authors are all members of theInternational Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development Namur Belgium
| | - Alain Krief
- Chemistry DepartmentNamur University Belgium
- The co-authors are all members of theInternational Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development Namur Belgium
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Hopf H, Krief A, Mehta G, Matlin SA. Fake science and the knowledge crisis: ignorance can be fatal. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190161. [PMID: 31218057 PMCID: PMC6549953 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Computers, the Internet and social media enable every individual to be a publisher, communicating true or false information instantly and globally. In the 'post-truth' era, deception is commonplace at all levels of contemporary life. Fakery affects science and social information and the two have become highly interactive globally, undermining trust in science and the capacity of individuals and society to make evidence-informed choices, including on life-or-death issues. Ironically, drivers of fake science are embedded in the current science publishing system intended to disseminate evidenced knowledge, in which the intersection of science advancement and reputational and financial rewards for scientists and publishers incentivize gaming and, in the extreme, creation and promotion of falsified results. In the battle for truth, individual scientists, professional associations, academic institutions and funding bodies must act to put their own house in order by promoting ethics and integrity and de-incentivizing the production and publishing of false data and results. They must speak out against false information and fake science in circulation and forcefully contradict public figures who promote it. They must contribute to research that helps understand and counter false information, to education that builds knowledge and skills in assessing information and to strengthening science literacy in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hopf
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Alain Krief
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Chemistry Department, Namur University, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- HEJ Research Institute, University of Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 75270, Pakistan
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Stephen A. Matlin
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Author for correspondence: Stephen A. Matlin e-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad 500046 Hyderabad India
| | - Henning Hopf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Technische Universität Braunschweig 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alain Krief
- Chemistry Department Namur University 5000 Namur Belgium
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
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Matlin SA, Yam VWW, Mehta G, Krief A, Hopf H. The Need for Cultural Competence in Science: A Practical Approach to Enhancing Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2912-2913. [PMID: 30701633 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
"The entire field of science needs to enhance its performance with regard to equality, diversity, and inclusion …" Read more in the Editorial by S. A. Matlin, V. W. W. Yam et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | - Alain Krief
- Namur University, Belgium.,HEJ Research Institute, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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Matlin SA, Yam VWW, Mehta G, Krief A, Hopf H. Kulturelle Kompetenz als praktischer Ansatz für Gleichstellung, Diversität und Inklusion in den Naturwissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health InnovationImperial College London London SW7 2AZ Großbritannien
| | | | | | - Alain Krief
- Université de Namur Belgien
- HEJ Research InstituteUniversität Karachi Pakistan
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Mehta G, Krief A, Hopf H, Matlin SA. Living Messages from Chemistry Icons: Legacies with Contemporary Relevance. CHEM REC 2018; 19:675-686. [PMID: 30521082 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Beyond individual scientific virtuosity and creativity that leading figures in chemistry have displayed, they have sometimes conveyed wider messages of significance beyond their own professional specialization. They include insights into broader aspects of science, society or the ways of the world. On the other hand, the words, attitudes and actions of eminent chemists from former times have not always presented good models for others to follow, whether judged by their own contemporary or our present standards. Both positive and negative lessons may convey to us something about humanity in general or the nature of our current predicaments and challenges. In an era when science is more necessary than ever to help meet oncoming global challenges, yet the principles and results of science are irrationally questioned, it is particularly relevant to re-connect with the broad insights and messages that can be derived from examining the thoughts and deeds of chemistry icons from the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.,School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Alain Krief
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.,Chemistry Department, Namur University, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.,HEJ Research Institute, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Henning Hopf
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.,Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany
| | - Stephen A Matlin
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.,Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; India
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development; Namur Belgium
| | - Vivian W. W. Yam
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development; Namur Belgium
- The University of Hong Kong; China
| | - Alain Krief
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development; Namur Belgium
- Namur University; Belgium
- HEJ Research Institute; University of Karachi; Pakistan
| | - Henning Hopf
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development; Namur Belgium
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Germany
| | - Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development; Namur Belgium
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Mehta G, Yam VWW, Krief A, Hopf H, Matlin SA. The Chemical Sciences and Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14690-14698. [PMID: 30079534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been mounting concern over the absence of gender equality in the sciences in recent years. This has been accompanied by a broadening of the perspective, in order to address issues of equality, diversity and inclusion, relating to a wide range of circumstances in which individuals suffer discrimination. While some progress has been made in some countries, nationally or at the level of institutions, much more needs to be done. The chemical sciences can play a leading role in addressing biases, through 1) becoming a model of good systemic practice in policies, processes, and actions; 2) developing practical skills through training in cultural competence; and 3) promoting a stronger evidence base to uncover both the extent of problems and the degree to which approaches to improve equality, diversity, and inclusion are working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, India.,International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, Namur, Belgium
| | - Vivian W W Yam
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, Namur, Belgium.,The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Alain Krief
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, Namur, Belgium.,Namur University, Belgium.,HEJ Research Institute, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Henning Hopf
- International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, Namur, Belgium.,Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephen A Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, Namur, Belgium
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Abstract
Despite the greatly increased numbers of migrants and refugees worldwide in recent years, insufficient attention has been paid to addressing their health needs. While a variety of international instruments assert the right to health, in practice, migrants and refugees—especially those awaiting clarification of their status, such as asylum seekers and those without documentation—often fall in cracks between service providers and humanitarian relief programmes at national and regional levels. This report provides a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the health issues of migrants and refugees and of the extent to which they are being met. It highlights, through a series of case studies, the diverse approaches to policies, entitlements and services provided in different jurisdictions, ranging from regional (Europe) and country (Germany, Iran, Italy, Turkey, South Africa) levels to provinces and cities (Quebec/Montreal, Berlin). These provide evidence of successes and challenges and highlight areas requiring further effort, including in the domains of policy, service design and delivery, education and training, research and communication. They also underscore the challenges of highly neglected aspects such as mental health and the critical importance of developing cultural/transnational competence in the health professional individuals and institutions working with migrants and refugees. Results from discussions taking place in an M8 Alliance Expert Group Meeting (Rome, 23–24 June 2017) and from the literature are synthesised to develop an ‘agenda of solutions’. This agenda aims to provide a comprehensive framework, which bridges humanitarian, ethical and rights-based imperatives to provide a framework for action to tackle this crucial area.
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Abstract
The indispensable contributions to health made by the chemical sciences have become increasingly constrained by three systemic factors. These involve fragmentations: in the way that the chemicals sciences are structured, practiced, and inter-related to aspects of health; in the combination of public and private efforts delivering medicinal products; and in the regulatory systems which oversee health-related issues across health, food, and the environment. Interlinked systemic reforms are advocated, involving (1) recontextualization of the chemistry/health interface through creating a recognized field of "the chemical sciences and health"; (2) determined and comprehensive efforts, by countries wishing to retain or strengthen their pharmaceutical development capacities, to reinforce their education, research, and innovation eco-systems; and (3) adoption of an integrated approach to the regulation of pharmaceuticals, food, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute
of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- International
Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
- E-mail:
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- International
Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Alain Krief
- International
Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
- Chemistry
Department, Namur University, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
- HEJ
Research Institute, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Henning Hopf
- International
Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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22
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Røttingen JA, Regmi S, Eide M, Young AJ, Viergever RF, Ardal C, Guzman J, Edwards D, Matlin SA, Terry RF. Mapping of available health research and development data: what's there, what's missing, and what role is there for a global observatory? Lancet 2013; 382:1286-307. [PMID: 23697824 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The need to align investments in health research and development (R&D) with public health demands is one of the most pressing global public health challenges. We aim to provide a comprehensive description of available data sources, propose a set of indicators for monitoring the global landscape of health R&D, and present a sample of country indicators on research inputs (investments), processes (clinical trials), and outputs (publications), based on data from international databases. Total global investments in health R&D (both public and private sector) in 2009 reached US$240 billion. Of the US$214 billion invested in high-income countries, 60% of health R&D investments came from the business sector, 30% from the public sector, and about 10% from other sources (including private non-profit organisations). Only about 1% of all health R&D investments were allocated to neglected diseases in 2010. Diseases of relevance to high-income countries were investigated in clinical trials seven-to-eight-times more often than were diseases whose burden lies mainly in low-income and middle-income countries. This report confirms that substantial gaps in the global landscape of health R&D remain, especially for and in low-income and middle-income countries. Too few investments are targeted towards the health needs of these countries. Better data are needed to improve priority setting and coordination for health R&D, ultimately to ensure that resources are allocated to diseases and regions where they are needed the most. The establishment of a global observatory on health R&D, which is being discussed at WHO, could address the absence of a comprehensive and sustainable mechanism for regular global monitoring of health R&D.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Arne Røttingen
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Cass QB, Tiritan ME, Calafatti SA, Matlin SA. ENANTIOSEPARATION ON AMYLOSE TRIS(3,5-DIMETHOXYPHENYL CARBAMATE): APPLICATION TO COMMERCIAL PHARMACEUTICAL CHIRAL DRUGS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quezia B. Cass
- a Depto. de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , Cx. Postal 676, São Carlos , SP , 13565-905 , Brasil
| | - M. Elizabeth Tiritan
- a Depto. de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , Cx. Postal 676, São Carlos , SP , 13565-905 , Brasil
| | - Silvana A. Calafatti
- b Universidade São Francisco , Unidade de Farmacologia, Bragança Paulista, SP , 12900-000 , Brasil
| | - Stephen A. Matlin
- c Chemistry Department , Warwick University , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
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Morel CM, Acharya T, Broun D, Dangi A, Elias C, Ganguly NK, Gardner CA, Gupta RK, Haycock J, Heher AD, Hotez PJ, Kettler HE, Keusch GT, Krattiger AF, Kreutz FT, Lall S, Lee K, Mahoney R, Martinez-Palomo A, Mashelkar RA, Matlin SA, Mzimba M, Oehler J, Ridley RG, Senanayake P, Singer P, Yun M. Health Innovation Networks to Help Developing Countries Address Neglected Diseases. Science 2005; 309:401-4. [PMID: 16020723 DOI: 10.1126/science.1115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gross inequities in disease burden between developed and developing countries are now the subject of intense global attention. Public and private donors have marshaled resources and created organizational structures to accelerate the development of new health products and to procure and distribute drugs and vaccines for the poor. Despite these encouraging efforts directed primarily from and funded by industrialized countries, sufficiency and sustainability remain enormous challenges because of the sheer magnitude of the problem. Here we highlight a complementary and increasingly important means to improve health equity: the growing ability of some developing countries to undertake health innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Morel
- Center for Technological Development in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
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Norton R, Matlin SA. The role of health research in the prevention and control of road traffic injuries in South Asia. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2005; 14:705-6. [PMID: 15610624 DOI: 12.2004/jcpsp.705706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
To date, the current methods of male contraception are limited to condoms, coitus interruptus and vasectomy, all of which are beset with difficulties. The condom is inconvenient, dulls sensation, and although somewhat effective against sexually transmitted disease, has an increased failure rate over time of usage. Coitus interruptus reduces the pleasurable aspects of intercourse and is plagued with a high failure rate. Vasectomy is virtually sterilisation. The current research into new forms of contraception is as diverse as the mechanisms controlling male fertility. The majority of effort has focused on antispermatogenic agents. Hormonal agents that suppress spermatogenesis appear nearest to final development and are primarily centred around various testosterone esters. These can be administered alone or in combination with progestogens. Another promising line of study centres on gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonism resulting in suppression of gonadotropins. Non-hormonal antispermatogenic agents include numerous phytochemicals, and testicular enzyme inhibitors. Post-testicular approaches to male contraception include agents that interfere with sperm metabolism, motility, maturation or transport. This review summarises recent clinical and animal studies on these compounds with emphasis on their mechanism of action, advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cosentino
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551, USA
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30
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Matlin SA. Perspectives for the development of new contraceptives. Soc Biol Hum Aff 2002; 49:43-57. [PMID: 12340738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Abstract
The aerial parts of Peganum harmala yielded four new flavonoids: acacetin 7-O-rhamnoside, 7-O-[6"-O-glucosyl-2"-O-(3'''-acetylrhamnosyl)glucoside and 7-O-(2'''-O-rhamnosyl-2"-O-glucosylglucoside), and the glycoflavone 2'''-O-rhamnosyl-2"-O-glucosylcytisoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharaf
- National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
The enantiomeric resolution of a series of N-arylamides was examined on amylose tris[(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate] coated onto aminopropylated 7 microns silica with 500 A diameter pores and on naked silica 5 microns particle size with 500 A diameter pores. The enantiomeric resolution obtained for this series was excellent on both columns. The enantioselectivity of cellulose and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) coated onto APS-Hypersil (120 A pore size, 5 microns particle size) was also investigated for this series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil
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Tarantal AF, Hendrickx AG, Matlin SA, Lasley BL, Gu QQ, Thomas CA, Vince PM, Van Look PF. Effects of two antiprogestins on early pregnancy in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Contraception 1996; 54:107-15. [PMID: 8842588 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(96)00134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The abortifacient effects of mifepristone and HRP 2000 were compared in gravid long-tailed macaques. Thirty-six animals were studied with treatment administered either by the oral (0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg; N = 5 per antiprogestin per dose) or intramuscular (i.m.) routes (0.5 mg/kg; N = 5 per antiprogestin) on gestational days (GD) 23-26; six vehicle controls were included. Blood samples were collected for assay of progesterone (P4) and each of the antiprogestins (pre-treatment, daily GD 23-28, every other day GD 30-40), and animals were monitored sonographically throughout gestation. Results of these studies indicated high rates of abortion with i.m. administration (3/5 mifepristone, 4/5 HRP 2000) and 5.0 mg/kg oral route (4/5, 2/5, respectively), with less effects noted at oral doses of 0.5 mg/kg (2/5, 0/5, respectively). No early abortions were observed in the control groups. Following daily i.m. treatment, peak levels of 8-16 ng/ml mifepristone were detected whereas 6-10 ng/ ml of HRP 2000 were noted (GD 26-27). No serum levels of mifepristone were detected following either of the oral doses whereas serum levels of 2-6 ng/ml HRP 2000 were noted with high dose oral administratation. Results of these studies suggest: (1) both antiprogestins are roughly comparable in terminating early pregnancy although HRP 2000 may be more efficacious when administered i.m. whereas mifepristone may be more effective when administered orally; (2) similar levels of biological activity are seen with the i.m. and high dose oral dosing regimens, with little or no activity with the oral low dose; and (3) infants resulting from surviving pregnancies were not affected by early gestation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Tarantal
- California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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Cass QB, Bassi AL, Calafatti SA, Matlin SA, Tiritan ME, de Campos LMM. Carbohydrate carbamate coated onto microporous silica: Application to chiral analysis of commercial pharmaceutical drugs. Chirality 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-636x(1996)8:1<143::aid-chir21>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Malik NS, Matlin SA, Fried J, Pakyz RE, Consentino MJ. The contraceptive effects of etoprine on male mice and rats. J Androl 1995; 16:169-74. [PMID: 7559148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We had previously found that 2,4-diaminopyrimidines affected spermatogenesis, possibly through the inhibition of testicular dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The current study examined the effects of etoprine, a highly lipophilic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine that is also a potent DHFR inhibitor, on the fertility of male mice at various dosages (0.1-50 mg/kg/day) for 55 days and male rats at 5 mg/kg/day for 65 days. Two other substituted diaminopyrimidines were tested at dosages of 50 mg/kg/day for 55 days. Results of breeding trials along with assessment of various parameters indicative of male fertility were noted. We found that of the compounds tested, etoprine is a potent antifertility agent that causes complete infertility at doses of > or = 5 mg/kg/day in mice with a threshold of effectiveness occurring between 1 and 5 mg/kg/day. The antifertility action of etoprine may be related to its capacity to inhibit testicular DHFR and its high degree of lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Malik
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Pennsylvania 17551, USA
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Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have pointed to the antitumor potential of the naturally occurring polyphenolic binaphthyl dialdehyde, gossypol, as well as its purified (-,+) enantiomers. To explore further the antitumor properties of this multifunctional agent, we synthesized several reactive derivatives including the (-,+) enantiomers of gossypolone and four different gossypol Schiff's bases (AR1, AR2, AR3, AR4). The biological activities of these new agents were screened by measuring their in vitro antiproliferative activity against malignant (MCF-7, MCF-7/adr) or immortalized (HBL-100) human breast epithelial cell lines. Racemic gossypolone showed relatively uniform antiproliferative activity against all of the breast epithelial cell lines with 3- to 5-fold less activity than (--)-gossypol against MCF-7 and MCF-7/adr cells. Of interest, the relative antitumor potency of purified gossypolone enantiomers was reverse that of gossypol enantiomers, since (+)-gossypolone showed up to 3-fold greater inhibition of MCF-7 culture growth than (--)-gossypolone. Of the Schiff's base derivatives only AR3 with its isopropyl amine substituent demonstrated cytotoxic activity comparable to that of (--)-gossypol; derivatives with ethyl, propyl, or butyl amine substituents (AR1, AR2, AR4) had little growth inhibitory activity at culture concentrations up to 25 microM. AR3 activity was greatest against HBL-100 and MCF-7 cells [MCF-7 IC50 values: AR3 = 0.9 microM, (--)-gossypol = 2.3 microM]; unlike (--)-gossypol, however, AR3 showed substantially reduced activity against the multidrug-resistant subline, MCF-7/adr. These structure-activity comparisons suggest that isolation of (-,+)-enantiomers of AR3 and additional chemical modifications including the synthesis of an isopropyl amine Schiff's base of gossypolone will likely yield a newer generation of gossypol analogues with enhanced anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- X S Liang
- Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0218, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Matlin
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
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Grieb SJ, Matlin SA, Phillips JG, Belenguer AM, Ritchie HJ. Chiral HPLC with carbohydrate carbamates: Influence of support structure on enantioselectivity. Chirality 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.530060213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Matlin SA, Tiritan ME, Crawford AJ, Cass QB, Boyd DR. HPLC with carbohydrate carbamate chiral phases: Influence of chiral phase structure on enantioselectivity. Chirality 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.530060214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Matlin SA, Belenguer A, Stacey VE, Qian SZ, Xu Y, Zhang JW, Sanders JK, Amor SR, Pearce CM. Male antifertility compounds from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. Contraception 1993; 47:387-400. [PMID: 8508668 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(93)90036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the Chinese medicinal plant, Tripterygium wilfordii, cause reversible infertility in male animals. Sub-fractionation studies have now revealed that the plant extracts contain a number of compounds which are potent antifertility agents in male mammals, including the diterpenes triptolide and tripdiolide and an isomer of the latter. A triptolide, 12,13-chlorohydrin, which is a transformation product formed reversibly by interaction of triptolide with HCl, was also found to be active.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Matlin
- Chemistry Dept., City University, Northampton Square, London, UK
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Tarantal AF, Hendrickx AG, Matlin SA, Lasley BL, Gu QQ, Thomas CA, Vince PM, Van Look PF. Tamoxifen as an antifertility agent in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Contraception 1993; 47:307-16. [PMID: 8462320 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(93)90047-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, as an antifertility agent was studied in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Twenty-six cycling females were bred, then treated with a single oral dose of tamoxifen (5 mg/kg) (N = 13) or vehicle (N = 13) on day 4 post-ovulation. Serum progesterone (P4) and tamoxifen concentrations were evaluated on post-ovulation days 4, 8, 12, 16, and 18. No effects of treatment were observed on P4 concentrations or on the fertility rate--pregnancy was achieved in 4/13 controls (31%) and 6/13 treated females (46%). Analysis for serum tamoxifen concentrations in samples collected during the fertility and a supplemental pharmacokinetic study (N = 3; single oral dose of 10 mg/kg; urine and serum evaluated) failed to reveal any detectable tamoxifen levels. It was concluded that (1) absorption of tamoxifen may be negligible under the described treatment regimens or (2) tamoxifen metabolism/clearance occurs at a rapid rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Tarantal
- California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616
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González-Garza MT, Matlin SA, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Said-Fernández S. Differential effects of the (+)- and (-)-gossypol enantiomers upon Entamoeba histolytica axenic cultures. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993; 45:144-5. [PMID: 8095532 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1993.tb03701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The in-vitro anti-amoebic effects of (+/-)-, (+)-, (-)-gossypol and emetine were tested against axenic trophozoites from five Entamoeba histolytica strains. The (-)-isomer was more active than the racemate and the (+)-isomer. These results indicate that the gossypol anti-amoebic activity is mainly due to its content of (-)-gossypol in all strains tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T González-Garza
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon
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Matlin SA, Belenguer A, Hall PE. Progesterone-releasing vaginal rings for use in postpartum contraception. I. In vitro release rates of progesterone from core-loaded rings. Contraception 1992; 45:329-41. [PMID: 1516365 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(92)90055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal rings of Dow Corning 382 Silastic polymer, having identical outside dimensions, were fabricated to contain cores of different diameters loaded with 25% w/w progesterone. Elution of rings was carried out in continuously flowing baths of isotonic saline at 37 degrees C and quantities of progesterone released in 24 h periods measured for up to 128 days. Release of the steroid was shown to be a membrane diffusion-controlled process, modified by the development of a gradually increasing zone of depletion at the core surface. Rings of a suitable core diameter were selected to give initial release of 5 mg/24 h progesterone and sterile batches of these rings, prepared for WHO-sponsored clinical studies in post-partum, lactating women, were shown to give highly consistent and reproducible rates of in vitro drug delivery. A comparison was made with the in vitro release rates of rings containing a homogeneous dispersion of progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Matlin
- Chemistry Department, City University, London, U.K
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