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Brockmeier EK, Hodges G, Hutchinson TH, Butler E, Hecker M, Tollefsen KE, Garcia-Reyero N, Kille P, Becker D, Chipman K, Colbourne J, Collette TW, Cossins A, Cronin M, Graystock P, Gutsell S, Knapen D, Katsiadaki I, Lange A, Marshall S, Owen SF, Perkins EJ, Plaistow S, Schroeder A, Taylor D, Viant M, Ankley G, Falciani F. The Role of Omics in the Application of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Chemical Risk Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:252-262. [PMID: 28525648 PMCID: PMC5837273 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with the second International Environmental Omics Symposium (iEOS) conference, held at the University of Liverpool (United Kingdom) in September 2014, a workshop was held to bring together experts in toxicology and regulatory science from academia, government and industry. The purpose of the workshop was to review the specific roles that high-content omics datasets (eg, transcriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics) can hold within the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework for supporting ecological and human health risk assessments. In light of the growing number of examples of the application of omics data in the context of ecological risk assessment, we considered how omics datasets might continue to support the AOP framework. In particular, the role of omics in identifying potential AOP molecular initiating events and providing supportive evidence of key events at different levels of biological organization and across taxonomic groups was discussed. Areas with potential for short and medium-term breakthroughs were also discussed, such as providing mechanistic evidence to support chemical read-across, providing weight of evidence information for mode of action assignment, understanding biological networks, and developing robust extrapolations of species-sensitivity. Key challenges that need to be addressed were considered, including the need for a cohesive approach towards experimental design, the lack of a mutually agreed framework to quantitatively link genes and pathways to key events, and the need for better interpretation of chemically induced changes at the molecular level. This article was developed to provide an overview of ecological risk assessment process and a perspective on how high content molecular-level datasets can support the future of assessment procedures through the AOP framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica K. Brockmeier
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Thomas H. Hutchinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Emma Butler
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre and School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | | | - Natalia Garcia-Reyero
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
- Mississippi State University, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Dörthe Becker
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kevin Chipman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Timothy W. Collette
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605-2700
| | - Andrew Cossins
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mark Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter Graystock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Steve Gutsell
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Stuart Marshall
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Stewart F. Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Stewart Plaistow
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Anthony Schroeder
- Water Resources Center (Office: Mid-Continent Ecology Division), University of Minnesota, Minnesota 55108
| | - Daisy Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mark Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gerald Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Outreman Y, Bollache L, Plaistow S, Cézilly F. Patterns of intermediate host use and levels of association between two conflicting manipulative parasites. Int J Parasitol 2002; 32:15-20. [PMID: 11796118 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(01)00304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For many parasites with complex life cycles, manipulation of intermediate host phenotypes is often regarded as an adaptation to increase the probability of successful transmission. This phenomenon creates opportunities for either synergistic or conflicting interests between different parasite species sharing the same intermediate host. When more than one manipulative parasite infect the same intermediate host, but differ in their definitive host, selection should favour the establishment of a negative association between these manipulators. Both Polymorphus minutus and Pomphorhynchus laevis exploit the amphipod Gammarus pulex as intermediate host but differ markedly in their final host, a fish for P. laevis and a bird for P. minutus. The pattern of host use by these two conflicting manipulative parasites was studied. Their incidence and intensity of infection and their distribution among G. pulex were first examined by analysing three large samples of gammarids collected from the river Tille, Eastern France. Both parasites had low prevalence in the host population. However, temporal fluctuation in the level of parasitic infection was observed. Overall, prevalence of both parasite species was higher in male than in female G. pulex. We then assessed the degree of association between the two parasites among their intermediate hosts, using two different methods: a host-centred measure and a parasite-centred measure. Both measures gave similar results; showing random association between the two acanthocephalan species in their intermediate hosts. We discuss our results in relation to the selective forces and ecological constraints that may determine the pattern of association between conflicting manipulative parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Outreman
- Equipe Ecologie-Evolution,UMR CNRS 5561 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Plaistow S, Siva-jothy MT. The ontogenetic switch between odonate life history stages: effects on fitness when time and food are limited. Anim Behav 1999; 58:659-667. [PMID: 10479382 DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1999.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the course of ontogeny, odonates switch from being aquatic larvae to being terrestrial adults. Ontogenetic niche shift theory proposes that such shifts are adaptive and have evolved to maximize a growth rate (size) to mortality rate ratio. Individuals should therefore switch from one niche to the other at an optimal size or state. Since the majority of odonates are seasonal breeders, the extent to which the switch is optimal will depend upon the time and the resources available during postembryonic development. We collected a cohort of larvae that varied in how close they were to eclosion and reared them on either a high-nutrition or a low-nutrition diet. We then determined the relative influence of both time and nutritional constraints on survival and development rate, as well as the body size, size-corrected flight muscle mass and fat reserves of individuals at eclosion. Damselflies in both high- and low-nutrition treatments responded to a short development period by developing faster and reducing their body size, but did not change their proportional investment in fat reserves and flight muscle. Reduced larval nutrition resulted in decreased body size, flight muscle mass and fat reserves at eclosion. However, it had no effect on survival to eclosion, or development rate. We discuss these results in terms of the influence that time and nutritional constraints have on odonate development patterns and fitness. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Plaistow
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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