1
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Roche TP, Nedumpurath PJ, Karunakaran SC, Schuster GB, Hud NV. One-Pot Formation of Pairing Proto-RNA Nucleotides and Their Supramolecular Assemblies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2200. [PMID: 38004340 PMCID: PMC10672710 DOI: 10.3390/life13112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most contemporary theories for the chemical origins of life include the prebiotic synthesis of informational polymers, including strong interpretations of the RNA World hypothesis. Existing challenges to the prebiotic emergence of RNA have encouraged exploration of the possibility that RNA was preceded by an ancestral informational polymer, or proto-RNA, that formed more easily on the early Earth. We have proposed that the proto-nucleobases of proto-RNA would have readily formed glycosides with ribose and that these proto-nucleosides would have formed base pairs as monomers in aqueous solution, two properties not exhibited by the extant nucleosides or nucleotides. Here we demonstrate that putative proto-nucleotides of the model proto-nucleobases barbituric acid and melamine can be formed in the same one-pot reaction with ribose-5-phosphate. Additionally, the proto-nucleotides formed in these reactions spontaneously form assemblies that are consistent with the presence of Watson-Crick-like base pairs. Together, these results provide further support for the possibility that heterocycles closely related to the extant bases of RNA facilitated the prebiotic emergence of RNA-like molecules, which were eventually replaced by RNA over the course of chemical and biological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (T.P.R.); (P.J.N.); (S.C.K.); (G.B.S.)
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2
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Mangalath S, Karunakaran SC, Newnam G, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Supramolecular assembly-enabled homochiral polymerization of short (dA) n oligonucleotides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13602-13605. [PMID: 34852364 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A goal of supramolecular chemistry is to create covalent polymers of precise composition and stereochemistry from complex mixtures by the reversible assembly of specific monomers prior to covalent bond formation. We illustrate the power of this approach with short oligomers of deoxyadenosine monophosphate ((dA)n3'p), n ≥ 3, which form supramolecular assemblies with cyanuric acid. The addition of a condensing agent to these assemblies results in their selective, non-enzymatic polymerization to form long polymers (e.g., (dA)1003'p). Significantly, mixtures of D- and L-(dA)53'p form homochiral covalent polymers, which demonstrates self-sorting of racemic monomers and covalent bond formation exclusively in homochiral assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Mangalath
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Suneesh C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Gary Newnam
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Gary B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
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3
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Fialho DM, Karunakaran SC, Greeson KW, Martínez I, Schuster GB, Krishnamurthy R, Hud NV. Depsipeptide Nucleic Acids: Prebiotic Formation, Oligomerization, and Self-Assembly of a New Proto-Nucleic Acid Candidate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13525-13537. [PMID: 34398608 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which informational polymers first formed on the early earth is currently unknown. The RNA world hypothesis implies that RNA oligomers were produced prebiotically, before the emergence of enzymes, but the demonstration of such a process remains challenging. Alternatively, RNA may have been preceded by an earlier ancestral polymer, or proto-RNA, that had a greater propensity for self-assembly than RNA, with the eventual transition to functionally superior RNA being the result of chemical or biological evolution. We report a new class of nucleic acid analog, depsipeptide nucleic acid (DepsiPNA), which displays several properties that are attractive as a candidate for proto-RNA. The monomers of depsipeptide nucleic acids can form under plausibly prebiotic conditions. These monomers oligomerize spontaneously when dried from aqueous solutions to form nucleobase-functionalized depsipeptides. Once formed, these DepsiPNA oligomers are capable of complementary self-assembly and are resistant to hydrolysis in the assembled state. These results suggest that the initial formation of primitive, self-assembling, informational polymers on the early earth may have been relatively facile if the constraints of an RNA-first scenario are relaxed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Fialho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Suneesh C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Katherine W Greeson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Isaac Martínez
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gary B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Schuster GB, Cafferty BJ, Karunakaran SC, Hud NV. Water-Soluble Supramolecular Polymers of Paired and Stacked Heterocycles: Assembly, Structure, Properties, and a Possible Path to Pre-RNA. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9279-9296. [PMID: 34152760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that RNA and DNA are products of chemical and biological evolution has motivated our search for alternative nucleic acids that may have come earlier in the emergence of life-polymers that possess a proclivity for covalent and non-covalent self-assembly not exhibited by RNA. Our investigations have revealed a small set of candidate ancestral nucleobases that self-assemble into hexameric rosettes that stack in water to form long, twisted, rigid supramolecular polymers. These structures exhibit properties that provide robust solutions to long-standing problems that have stymied the search for a prebiotic synthesis of nucleic acids. Moreover, their examination by experimental and computational methods provides insight into the chemical and physical principles that govern a particular class of water-soluble one-dimensional supramolecular polymers. In addition to efficient self-assembly, their lengths and polydispersity are modulated by a wide variety of positively charged, planar compounds; their assembly and disassembly are controlled over an exceedingly narrow pH range; they exhibit spontaneous breaking of symmetry; and homochirality emerges through non-covalent cross-linking during hydrogel formation. Some of these candidate ancestral nucleobases spontaneously form glycosidic bonds with ribose and other sugars, and, most significantly, functionalized forms of these heterocycles form supramolecular structures and covalent polymers under plausibly prebiotic conditions. This Perspective recounts a journey of discovery that continues to reveal attractive answers to questions concerning the origins of life and to uncover the principles that control the structure and properties of water-soluble supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Brian J Cafferty
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Suneesh C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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5
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Alenaizan A, Borca CH, Karunakaran SC, Kendall AK, Stubbs G, Schuster GB, Sherrill CD, Hud NV. X-ray Fiber Diffraction and Computational Analyses of Stacked Hexads in Supramolecular Polymers: Insight into Self-Assembly in Water by Prospective Prebiotic Nucleobases. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6079-6094. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asem Alenaizan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Carlos H. Borca
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Amy K. Kendall
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Gerald Stubbs
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Gary B. Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - C. David Sherrill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0765, United States
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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6
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Anderson BA, Fauché K, Karunakaran SC, Yerabolu JR, Hud NV, Krishnamurthy R. Frontispiece: The Unexpected Base‐Pairing Behavior of Cyanuric Acid in RNA and Ribose versus Cyanuric Acid Induced Helicene Assembly of Nucleic Acids: Implications for the Pre‐RNA Paradigm. Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202181263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Kévin Fauché
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Jayasudhan R. Yerabolu
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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7
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Anderson BA, Fauché K, Karunakaran SC, Yerabolu JR, Hud NV, Krishnamurthy R. The Unexpected Base‐Pairing Behavior of Cyanuric Acid in RNA and Ribose versus Cyanuric Acid Induced Helicene Assembly of Nucleic Acids: Implications for the Pre‐RNA Paradigm. Chemistry 2021; 27:4033-4042. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Kévin Fauché
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Jayasudhan R. Yerabolu
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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8
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Mascuch SJ, Fakhretaha-Aval S, Bowman JC, Ma MTH, Thomas G, Bommarius B, Ito C, Zhao L, Newnam GP, Matange KR, Thapa HR, Barlow B, Donegan RK, Nguyen NA, Saccuzzo EG, Obianyor CT, Karunakaran SC, Pollet P, Rothschild-Mancinelli B, Mestre-Fos S, Guth-Metzler R, Bryksin AV, Petrov AS, Hazell M, Ibberson CB, Penev PI, Mannino RG, Lam WA, Garcia AJ, Kubanek J, Agarwal V, Hud NV, Glass JB, Williams LD, Lieberman RL. A blueprint for academic laboratories to produce SARS-CoV-2 quantitative RT-PCR test kits. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15438-15453. [PMID: 32883809 PMCID: PMC7667971 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread testing for the presence of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals remains vital for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic prior to the advent of an effective treatment. Challenges in testing can be traced to an initial shortage of supplies, expertise, and/or instrumentation necessary to detect the virus by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), the most robust, sensitive, and specific assay currently available. Here we show that academic biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories equipped with appropriate expertise and infrastructure can replicate commercially available SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test kits and backfill pipeline shortages. The Georgia Tech COVID-19 Test Kit Support Group, composed of faculty, staff, and trainees across the biotechnology quad at Georgia Institute of Technology, synthesized multiplexed primers and probes and formulated a master mix composed of enzymes and proteins produced in-house. Our in-house kit compares favorably with a commercial product used for diagnostic testing. We also developed an environmental testing protocol to readily monitor surfaces for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Our blueprint should be readily reproducible by research teams at other institutions, and our protocols may be modified and adapted to enable SARS-CoV-2 detection in more resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Mascuch
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara Fakhretaha-Aval
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica C. Bowman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Minh Thu H. Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gwendell Thomas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bettina Bommarius
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chieri Ito
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Liangjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gary P. Newnam
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kavita R. Matange
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hem R. Thapa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brett Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Donegan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nguyet A. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily G. Saccuzzo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chiamaka T. Obianyor
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pamela Pollet
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Santi Mestre-Fos
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca Guth-Metzler
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anton V. Bryksin
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anton S. Petrov
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mallory Hazell
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carolyn B. Ibberson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Petar I. Penev
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert G. Mannino
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrés J. Garcia
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia Kubanek
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Glass
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Loren Dean Williams
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raquel L. Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Mascuch SJ, Fakhretaha-Aval S, Bowman JC, Ma MTH, Thomas G, Bommarius B, Ito C, Zhao L, Newnam GP, Matange KR, Thapa HR, Barlow B, Donegan RK, Nguyen NA, Saccuzzo EG, Obianyor CT, Karunakaran SC, Pollet P, Rothschild-Mancinelli B, Mestre-Fos S, Guth-Metzler R, Bryksin AV, Petrov AS, Hazell M, Ibberson CB, Penev PI, Mannino RG, Lam WA, Garcia AJ, Kubanek JM, Agarwal V, Hud NV, Glass JB, Williams LD, Lieberman RL. A blueprint for academic labs to produce SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test kits. medRxiv 2020:2020.07.29.20163949. [PMID: 32766604 PMCID: PMC7402063 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20163949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Widespread testing for the presence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in individuals remains vital for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic prior to the advent of an effective treatment. Challenges in testing can be traced to an initial shortage of supplies, expertise and/or instrumentation necessary to detect the virus by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the most robust, sensitive, and specific assay currently available. Here we show that academic biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories equipped with appropriate expertise and infrastructure can replicate commercially available SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test kits and backfill pipeline shortages. The Georgia Tech COVID-19 Test Kit Support Group, composed of faculty, staff, and trainees across the biotechnology quad at Georgia Institute of Technology, synthesized multiplexed primers and probes and formulated a master mix composed of enzymes and proteins produced in-house. Our in-house kit compares favorably to a commercial product used for diagnostic testing. We also developed an environmental testing protocol to readily monitor surfaces across various campus laboratories for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Our blueprint should be readily reproducible by research teams at other institutions, and our protocols may be modified and adapted to enable SARS-CoV-2 detection in more resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Mascuch
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara Fakhretaha-Aval
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica C Bowman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Minh Thu H Ma
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gwendell Thomas
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bettina Bommarius
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chieri Ito
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liangjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary P Newnam
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kavita R Matange
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hem R Thapa
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brett Barlow
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca K Donegan
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nguyet A Nguyen
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily G Saccuzzo
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiamaka T Obianyor
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suneesh C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela Pollet
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Santi Mestre-Fos
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Guth-Metzler
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anton V Bryksin
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anton S Petrov
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mallory Hazell
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carolyn B Ibberson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Petar I Penev
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert G Mannino
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J Garcia
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julia M Kubanek
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Glass
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Loren Dean Williams
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Karunakaran SC, Cafferty BJ, Jain KS, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Reversible Transformation of a Supramolecular Hydrogel by Redox Switching of Methylene Blue-A Noncovalent Chain Stopper. ACS Omega 2020; 5:344-349. [PMID: 31956781 PMCID: PMC6964268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The simple and reversible control of the degree of polymerization, and thereby the bulk material properties, of a supramolecular polymer is reported. Noncovalent capping agents (chain stoppers) modulate the length of supramolecular polymers by stacking on the surfaces of the polymer's ends. Methylene blue (MB) is a positively charged, planar polycyclic dye that acts as a chain stopper. It can be reversibly switched between its colored, planar, cationic state and a colorless, nonplanar, neutral state (leucomethylene blue, LMB) by reduction with ascorbic acid and then reoxidized to MB by O2. LMB does not act as a chain stopper. This behavior was utilized to reversibly trigger the gel to sol transformation of supramolecular polymers formed by the self-assembly of hexameric rosettes comprising 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and a hexanoic acid-substituted cyanuric acid (CyCo6) in aqueous media. The results of our experiments highlight the ability of this approach to reversibly switch between the gel and solution states of materials formed from supramolecular polymers and thereby control their bulk properties.
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11
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Karunakaran SC, Cafferty BJ, Weigert‐Muñoz A, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Formation of Supramolecular Polymers: Implications for the Origin of Biological Homochirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
| | - Brian J. Cafferty
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
| | - Angela Weigert‐Muñoz
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
| | - Gary B. Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
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12
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Karunakaran SC, Cafferty BJ, Weigert‐Muñoz A, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Formation of Supramolecular Polymers: Implications for the Origin of Biological Homochirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1453-1457. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
| | - Brian J. Cafferty
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
| | - Angela Weigert‐Muñoz
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
| | - Gary B. Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology USA
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13
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Marydasan B, Madhuri B, Cherukommu S, Jose J, Viji M, Karunakaran SC, Chandrashekar TK, Rao KS, Rao CM, Ramaiah D. In Vitro and In Vivo Demonstration of Human-Ovarian-Cancer Necrosis through a Water-Soluble and Near-Infrared-Absorbing Chlorin. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5009-5019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Marydasan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Bollapalli Madhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Shirisha Cherukommu
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Jedy Jose
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mambattakkara Viji
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | | | - Kunchala Sridhar Rao
- Indo-American Cancer Research Foundation (IACRF), Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Ch. Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785 006, India
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14
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Li C, Cafferty BJ, Karunakaran SC, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Formation of supramolecular assemblies and liquid crystals by purine nucleobases and cyanuric acid in water: implications for the possible origins of RNA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:20091-6. [PMID: 27253677 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The free nucleobases and mononucleotides of RNA do not form Watson-Crick base pairs in water, a fact that presents several challenges for the prebiotic synthesis of RNA. 2,6-Diaminopurine and adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) are shown to form supramolecular assemblies with cyanuric acid in water. These assemblies and their propensity to form liquid crystals suggest a possible means by which non-covalent structures might have originally selected the shape of the Watson-Crick base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - B J Cafferty
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - S C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - G B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - N V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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15
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Karunakaran SC, Cafferty BJ, Peláez-Fernández M, Neselu K, Schmidt-Krey I, Fernandez-Nieves A, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Exquisite regulation of supramolecular equilibrium polymers in water: chain stoppers control length, polydispersity and viscoelasticity. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Positively charged molecules with planar surfaces control the length of supramolecular polymers formed by 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and a modified cyanuric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian J. Cafferty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | - Kasahun Neselu
- School of Biological Sciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | | | - Gary B. Schuster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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16
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Paul AK, Karunakaran SC, Jayaram DT, Adarsh N, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Selective recognition of cyanide ions by amphiphilic porphyrins in aqueous medium. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616501133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of two amphiphilic porphyrins having pyridinium moieties and their anion recognition properties in aqueous medium. The study of their interactions with various anions reveals that these porphyrins exhibit unique and selective interactions with CN- ions when compared to the other anions. The addition of CN- ions to an aqueous solution of the butyl porphyrin resulted in a hypochromicity of ca. 78% at 419 nm with a concomitant band formation at 449 nm in the absorption spectrum. Similarly, we observed ca. 82% quenching in the emission intensity by the addition of 12.5 M of CN- ions in the fluorescence spectrum of the porphyrin mediated through aggregation. The limit of detection of CN- ions was found to be ca. 49 ppb and the nature of interactions has been studied through various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. These studies have confirmed 1,4-addition of CN- ions to the pyridinium moiety of the porphyrin system, which led to the aggregation induced self-assembly resulting in the sensitive detection of CN- ions through changes in absorbance and fluorescence intensity in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albish K. Paul
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Dhanya T. Jayaram
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Nagappanpillai Adarsh
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, India
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785 006, Assam, India
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17
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Paul AK, Karunakaran SC, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Amino Acid-Porphyrin Conjugates: Synthesis and Study of their Photophysical and Metal Ion Recognition Properties. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1348-55. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albish K. Paul
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST Campus; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Jorhat Assam India
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18
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Tyagi N, Viji M, Karunakaran SC, Varughese S, Ganesan S, Priya S, Saneesh Babu PS, Nair AS, Ramaiah D. Enhancement in intramolecular interactions and in vitro biological activity of a tripodal tetradentate system upon complexation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15591-601. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalimide appended metal complexes uniquely exhibited intramolecular interactions, affinity for DNA/proteins and apoptosis mediated anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Tyagi
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Mambattakkara Viji
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Shilpa Ganesan
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Sulochana Priya
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | | | - Asha S. Nair
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695014
- India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
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19
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Karunakaran SC, Paul AK, Ramaiah D. Effective discrimination of GTP from ATP by a cationic tentacle porphyrin through “turn-on” fluorescence intensity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04672b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic porphyrin selectively recognises guanosine based nucleotides was utilized as fluorescence “turn-on” probe to discriminate GTP from ATP through FID assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Trivandrum–695019, India
| | - Albish K. Paul
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Trivandrum–695019, India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Trivandrum–695019, India
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST)
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20
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Prasanth CS, Karunakaran SC, Paul AK, Kussovski V, Mantareva V, Ramaiah D, Selvaraj L, Angelov I, Avramov L, Nandakumar K, Subhash N. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Efficiency of Novel Cationic Porphyrins towards Periodontal Gram-positive and Gram-negative Pathogenic Bacteria. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:628-40. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Trivandrum India
| | - Albish K. Paul
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Trivandrum India
| | - Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Trivandrum India
| | - Leslie Selvaraj
- Microbiology Division; Doctors Diagnostic Research Centre; Trivandrum India
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Latchezar Avramov
- Institute of Electronics; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia Bulgaria
| | | | - Narayanan Subhash
- Biophotonics Laboratory; Centre for Earth Science Studies; Trivandrum India
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21
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Karunakaran SC, Ramaiah D, Schulz I, Epe B. Study of the Mode and Efficiency of DNA Binding in the Damage Induced by Photoactivated Water Soluble Porphyrins. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1100-5. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum; India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum; India
| | - Ina Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Mainz; Mainz; Germany
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Mainz; Mainz; Germany
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22
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Karunakaran SC, Babu PSS, Madhuri B, Marydasan B, Paul AK, Nair AS, Rao KS, Srinivasan A, Chandrashekar TK, Rao CM, Pillai R, Ramaiah D. In vitro demonstration of apoptosis mediated photodynamic activity and NIR nucleus imaging through a novel porphyrin. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:127-32. [PMID: 23092119 DOI: 10.1021/cb3004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a novel water-soluble porphyrin THPP and its metalated derivative Zn-THPP having excellent triplet excited state quantum yields and singlet oxygen generation efficiency. When compared to U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved and clinically used sensitizer Photofrin, THPP showed ca. 2-3-fold higher in vitro photodynamic activity in different cell lines under identical conditions. The mechanism of the biological activity of these porphyrin systems has been evaluated through a variety of techniques: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, comet assay, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) cleavage, CM-H(2)DCFDA assay, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometric analysis, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy, which confirm the apoptotic cell death through predominantly reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, THPP showed rapid cellular uptake and are localized in the nucleus of the cells as compared to Hoechst dye and Photofrin, thereby demonstrating its use as an efficient sensitizer in photodynamic therapy and live cell NIR nucleus imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, Photosciences and Photonics, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum-695019, Kerala, India
| | | | - Bollapalli Madhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad-500 007,
Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Betsy Marydasan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, Photosciences and Photonics, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum-695019, Kerala, India
| | - Albish K. Paul
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, Photosciences and Photonics, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum-695019, Kerala, India
| | - Asha S. Nair
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum-695014, Kerala, India
| | - K. Sridhar Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad-500 007,
Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Alagar Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar-751005,
Odisha, India
| | | | - Ch. Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad-500 007,
Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, Photosciences and Photonics, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum-695019, Kerala, India
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23
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Hariharan M, Karunakaran SC, Ramaiah D, Schulz I, Epe B. Photoinduced DNA damage efficiency and cytotoxicity of novel viologen linked pyrene conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2064-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b924943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hariharan M, Karunakaran SC, Ramaiah D. Selective Recognition of Tryptophan through Inhibition of Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Interactions in an Aqueous Medium. Org Lett 2007; 9:417-20. [PMID: 17249776 DOI: 10.1021/ol062636m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel donor-acceptor conjugate 1 was synthesized, and its interactions with various amino acids have been investigated as compared to the model system 2. The conjugate 1 unusually forms an intramolecular charge-transfer complex in the aqueous medium and undergoes selective binding interactions with tryptophan. The uniqueness of this system is that it selectively recognizes tryptophan among all other amino acids and involves synergistic effects of pi-stacking, electrostatic, and donor-acceptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Hariharan
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019, India
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