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Dasgupta A, Saha S, Ganguli P, Das I, De D, Chaudhuri S. Characterization of pumilacidin, a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced from Bacillus pumilus NITDID1 and its prospect in bioremediation of hazardous pollutants. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:274. [PMID: 37401995 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly hydrophobic compounds like petroleum and their byproducts, once released into the environment, can persist indefinitely by virtue of their ability to resist microbial degradation, ultimately paving the path to severe environmental pollution. Likewise, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals like lead, cadmium, chromium, etc., in the surroundings poses an alarming threat to various living organisms. To remediate the matter in question, the applicability of a biosurfactant produced from the mangrove bacterium Bacillus pumilus NITDID1 (Accession No. KY678446.1) is reported here. The structural characterization of the produced biosurfactant revealed it to be a lipopeptide and has been identified as pumilacidin through FTIR, NMR, and MALDI-TOF MS. The critical micelle concentration of pumilacidin was 120 mg/L, and it showed a wide range of stability in surface tension reduction experiments under various environmental conditions and exhibited a high emulsification index of as much as 90%. In a simulated setup of engine oil-contaminated sand, considerable oil recovery (39.78%) by this biosurfactant was observed, and upon being added to a microbial consortium, there was an appreciable enhancement in the degradation of the used engine oil. As far as the heavy metal removal potential of biosurfactant is concerned, as much as 100% and 82% removal was observed for lead and cadmium, respectively. Thus, in a nutshell, the pumilacidin produced from Bacillus pumilus NITDID1 holds promise for multifaceted applications in the field of environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Dasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
- Department of Microbiology, Michael Madhusudan Memorial College, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713216, India
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Parna Ganguli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Ishita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Debojyoti De
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Surabhi Chaudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
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Sahoo B, Chaudhuri S. Removal of lindane in liquid culture using soil bacteria and toxicity assessment in human skin fibroblast and HCT116 cell lines. Environ Technol 2023; 44:1213-1227. [PMID: 34694963 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1998229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective measures for the remediation of lindane contaminated sites is the need of the hour. In this study, a potent lindane degrading bacteria, identified as Rhodococcus rhodochrous NITDBS9 was isolated from an agricultural field of Odisha that could utilize up to 87% of 100 mg L-1 lindane when grown under liquid culture conditions in mineral salt media in 10 days. The bacteria could produce biofilm in lindane-containing media. Rhodococcus rhodochrous NITDBS9 was further characterized for its plant growth-promoting properties and it was found that the bacteria showed abilities for phytohormone, ammonia and biosurfactant production, etc. This could be beneficial for the bioremediation and improvement of crop production in contaminated sites. Ecotoxicity studies carried out for lindane, and its degradation products in mung bean and mustard seeds showed a reduction in toxicity of lindane after treatment with NITDBS9. NITDBS9 was used with a previously isolated potent lindane degrading strain Paracoccus sp. NITDBR1 in a dual mixed culture for the enhanced removal of lindane in the liquid system i.e. up to 93% in 10 days. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted with lindane before and after treatment with the single and dual mixed cultures on human skin fibroblast and HCT116 cell lines. They revealed a significant reduction in toxicity of lindane after it was bioremediated with the single and dual mixed cultures. Therefore, our proposed strategy could be efficiently used for the detoxification of the lindane-contaminated system, and further work should be done to study the use of these cultures in the contaminated soil system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banishree Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Surabhi Chaudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
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Saini S, Mishra P, Balhara M, Dutta D, Ghosh S, Chaudhuri S. Antimicrobial potency of Punica granatum peel extract: Against multidrug resistant clinical isolates. Gene Reports 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bidault X, Chaudhuri S. Can a shock-induced phonon up-pumping model relate to impact sensitivity of molecular crystals, polymorphs and cocrystals? RSC Adv 2022; 12:31282-31292. [PMID: 36349003 PMCID: PMC9623615 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Impact sensitivity engineering of high-energy molecular crystals requires accurate predictive models. For this purpose, the promising multi-phonon based approach is selected, assessing a bit more its strengths and weaknesses. Presently used with high-quality phonon calculations of 22 molecular crystals, using a physics-based criterion to determine the phonon bath extent, the resulting intrinsic shock sensitivity index (SSI) is compared to the most common marker of impact sensitivity, h 50, as determined from drop-weight impact tests. Selecting a data subset from experiments performed under very similar conditions (2.5 kg hammer with grit and 30-40 mg samples), the model can predict h 50 values for mono-molecular crystals with very good accuracy, including the ability to discriminate the polymorphs of HMX and CL20. This very good agreement validates an initial indirect up-pumping mechanism occurring under these conditions, where the doorway modes also interact with the phonon bath. However, the phonon bath criterion for mono-molecular crystals does not transfer well to cocrystals. Owing to the vibrational coupling of the co-molecules, it seems a broader phonon bath should be considered. Additionally recalling experimental uncertainty and various experimental factors affecting h 50 values for a given compounds, we recommend that the density of the sample, granularity and morphology be systematically considered and reported along with measurements, which will in turn allow for more systematic data and predictive capabilities for sensitivity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bidault
- Department of Civil, Materials and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 USA
| | - S Chaudhuri
- Department of Civil, Materials and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 USA
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
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Kesavan A, Kaur H, Chaudhuri S. Unpacking Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), An Emerging Paradigm to Conserve Land Systems’ Sustainability in the 21st Century? Meta-analysis of Challenges and Opportunities. Nat Env Poll Tech 2022. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2022.v21i01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The UN Sustainable Development Goals specifically note the growing importance of land degradation management and mitigation strategies, advocating for global collaboration and innovative research and policy outlook. In this reflective summary, we synthesize the current worldview (post-2000) on land degradation neutrality (LDN), an emerging concept in the field of environmental sustainability that advocates a dynamic balance between degradation and restoration, to ensure no net loss in productive land resources. We first introduce the LDN Causal Framework (theoretical framework of LDN), followed by the Logic Model – guideline for on-ground LDN method implementation (comprising preparatory activities, followed by Integrated Land Use Planning (ILUP), and LDN Response Hierarchy (Avoid-Reduce-Reverse)). We draw attention to growing concerns about LDN technical problems: restore vs. rehabilitate; selecting indicator variables, and establishing a baseline. In the final section, we reflect on the social-ecological aspect of LDN – harnessing participatory action (multi-stakeholder engagement) and gender mainstreaming. Overall, LDN presents an umbrella vision for environmental regeneration and land capital management, that requires seamless integration of natural with social sciences, the policy with law, and requires strategic community mobilization.
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Kubokawa T, Sugasawa S, Tamae H, Chaudhuri S. General unbiased estimating equations for variance components in linear mixed models. Jpn J Stat Data Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42081-021-00138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Arun
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jammu 181221 India
| | - Nirupam Sikdar
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology Durgapur 713209 India
| | - Debolina Roy
- Material Processing and Microsystems Lab CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Durgapur 713209 India
| | - Surabhi Chaudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology Durgapur 713209 India
| | - Nripen Chanda
- Material Processing and Microsystems Lab CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Durgapur 713209 India
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Bidault X, Chaudhuri S. Improved predictions of thermomechanical properties of molecular crystals from energy and dispersion corrected DFT. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164105. [PMID: 33940806 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal stability and pressure-dependent changes are key to molecular crystals and their properties. The determination of their thermal properties from ab initio methods is, however, a challenging task. While the low-frequency phonon spectrum related to intermolecular vibrations remains difficult to describe, the Quasi-Harmonic Approximation (QHA) also induces for molecular crystals a significant volume deviation, which makes their thermal behavior ill-determined. To overcome these difficulties, we consider a pragmatic energy correction (EC) that has long been used for atomic crystals, and we presently report the first ever use for molecular crystals. Applying the QHA in dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations with an ab initio parameterized EC, the resulting model can simultaneously and accurately derive thermal and mechanical properties of high-explosive molecular crystals. When compared to experiments, the mean absolute percent error of previous DFT-based thermomechanical models is 12% for mechanical and 31% for thermal properties. Our model performs significantly better and reduces these uncertainties to 4.1% and 9.8%, respectively. In particular, the agreement between our model and experiments for the thermal properties is three times better. This significant improvement greatly benefits the determination of thermomechanical properties such as the Grüneisen parameter and the shock properties. The method has been successfully applied to molecular crystals showing a large diversity of weak intermolecular interactions (β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoctane (HMX), α-1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7), Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), ε-Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL20), and Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)-I). Due to its accuracy and transferability, our model is expected to work for a large class of computationally designed molecular crystals and co-crystals, providing a basis for a predictive framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bidault
- Department of Civil, Materials and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - S Chaudhuri
- Department of Civil, Materials and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Lasky R, Chaudhuri S, Jiao Y, Larkin MS J, Monaghan C, Winter A, Raimann J, Neri L, Kotanko P, Hymes J, Lee S, Usvyat L, Kooman J, Maddux F. POS-534 TRAJECTORIES OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19 IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS BY SURVIVAL. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [PMCID: PMC8049706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Band structure tailoring has been a great avenue to achieve the half-metallic electronic ground state in materials. Applying this approach to the full Heusler alloy Fe2TiSn, Cr is introduced systematically at Ti site that conforms to the chemical formula \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{Fe}}_{2} {\text{Ti}}_{{1 - x}} {\text{Cr}}_{x}$$\end{document}Fe2Ti1-xCrxSn. Compositions so obtained have been investigated for its electronic, magnetic, and electrical transport properties with an aim to observe the half-metallic ferromagnetic ground state, anticipated theoretically for Fe2CrSn. Our experimental study using synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals that only compositions with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$x \le$$\end{document}x≤ 0.25 yield phase pure L2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_1$$\end{document}1 cubic structures. The non-magnetic ground state of Fe2TiSn gets dramatically affected upon inclusion of Cr giving rise to a localized magnetic moment in the background of Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) correlations. The ferromagnetic interactions begin to dominate for x = 0.25 composition. Results of its resistivity and magnetoresistance (MR) measurement point towards a half-metallic ground state. The calculation of exchange coupling parameter, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {J}_{{ij}}$$\end{document}Jij, and orbital projected density of states that indicate a change in hybridization between 3d and 5p orbital, support the observations made from the study of local crystal structure made using the extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Our findings here highlight an interesting prospect of finding half-metallicity via band structure tailoring for wide application in spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhuri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - D Salas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - V Srihari
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - E Welter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron - A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Karaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - P A Bhobe
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.
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Chaudhuri S, Wu CM, Chiu YC, Kuo DH. Highly sensitive electrospun poly(HEMA-co-NMA)/BPDO nanofiber membranes for sensing metal ions in aqueous media. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Mani K, Sumon M, Chaudhuri S, Nabi R, Sengupta A, Ahmed S, Uddin AK, Bhuiyan M, Haque K, Lingaiah R, Ahmed S. Early Experiences of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold Technique in Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Localized Lung Tumor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Uddin AK, Mani K, Sumon M, Chaudhuri S, Nabi R, Sengupta A, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Bhuiyan M, Haque K. Introduction of SBRT program in a developing country: Challenges, international cooperation and experiences. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Omar Faruk SM, Hazra I, Mondal S, Datta A, Moitra S, Das PK, Mishra R, Chaudhuri S. T11TS immunotherapy potentiates the repressed calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway of T cells in Cryptococcus neoformans infected rats: a cue towards T-cell activation for antifungal immunity. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:753-767. [PMID: 32145053 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the modulation of the interacting partners of the calcineurin (CaN)-NFAT pathway in T cells during Cryptococcus neoformans fungal infection and post-T11TS immunotherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rats were infected with C. neoformans and followed by immunotherapy with immune-potentiator T11TS. T cells were analysed by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and nuclear translocation study. The signalling proteins LCK, FYN, LAT, PLCγ1 and CaN in T cells were regulated by C. neoformans infection resulting in reduced nuclear translocation of NFAT and IL-2 expression. Following T11TS immunotherapy, the expressions of the above-mentioned proteins were boosted and thus resulting in the clearance of C. neoformans from lung and spleen. CONCLUSIONS The precise mechanism of suppression of the T-cell function by C. neoformans is still unknown. Previously, we have shown that T11TS positively regulates the function of T cells to abrogate glioma and other immunosuppressive conditions. T11TS immunotherapy increased the expression of the above signalling partners of the CaN-NFAT pathway in T cells and improved nuclear retention of NFAT. As a result, an increased IL-2 expression leads to activation and proliferation of T cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our results demonstrate the role of T11TS in restoring the CaN-NFAT signalling pathway in T cells. It identifies T11TS as an immunotherapeutic agent with potential clinical outcomes to counteract C. neoformans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Omar Faruk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - I Hazra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Mondal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - A Datta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Moitra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - P K Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - R Mishra
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Chaudhuri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Young S, Phillips J, Griego-Fullbright C, Wagner A, Jim P, Chaudhuri S, Tang S, Sickler J. Molecular Point-of-care Testing for Influenza A/B and Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Workflow Parameters for the ID Now™ and cobas® Liat® Systems. J Infect Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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16
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Mahaling B, Verma M, Mishra G, Chaudhuri S, Dutta D, Sivakumar S. Fate of GdF 3 nanoparticles-loaded PEGylated carbon capsules inside mice model: a step toward clinical application. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:577-594. [PMID: 31928284 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1708494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The successful translation of nanostructure-based bioimaging and/or drug delivery system needs extensive in vitro and in vivo studies on biocompatibility, biodistribution, clearance, and toxicity for its diagnostic applications. Herein, we have investigated the in vitro cyto-hemocompatibility, in vivo biodistribution, clearance, and toxicity in mice after systemic administration of GdF3 nanoparticles loaded PEGylated mesoporous carbon capsule (GdF3-PMCC)-based theranostic system. In vitro cyto-hemocompatibility study showed a very good biocompatibility up to concentration of 500 µg/ml. Biodistribution studies carried out from 1 h to 8 days showed that GdF3-PMCC was found in major organs, such as liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle till 4th day and it was negligible in any tissue after 8th day. The clearance study was carried out for a period of 8 days and it was observed that the urinary system is the main route of excretion of GdF3-PMCC. The tissue toxicity study was done for 15 days and histopathological analysis indicated that the GdF3-PMCC based theranostic system does not have any adverse effect in tissues. Thus, PMCCs are nontoxic and can be applied as theranostic agents in contrast to the other carbon-based systems (PEGylated carbon nanotubes and PEGylated graphene oxide) which showed significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binapani Mahaling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Gargi Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surabhi Chaudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debjani Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Material Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Durkin M, Adams JS, Bandler SR, Chervenak JA, Chaudhuri S, Dawson CS, Denison EV, Doriese WB, Duff SM, Finkbeiner FM, FitzGerald CT, Fowler JW, Gard JD, Hilton GC, Irwin KD, Joe YI, Kelley RL, Kilbourne CA, Miniussi AR, Morgan KM, O'Neil GC, Pappas CG, Porter FS, Reintsema CD, Rudman DA, SaKai K, Smith SJ, Stevens RW, Swetz DS, Szypryt P, Ullom JN, Vale LR, Wakeham N, Weber JC, Young BA. Demonstration of Athena X-IFU Compatible 40-Row Time-Division-Multiplexed Readout. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2019; 29:2101005. [PMID: 31160861 PMCID: PMC6544157 DOI: 10.1109/tasc.2019.2904472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is the backup readout technology for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), a 3,168-pixel X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) array that will provide imaging spectroscopy for ESA's Athena satellite mission. X-0IFU design studies are considering readout with a multiplexing factor of up to 40. We present data showing 40-row TDM readout (32 TES rows + 8 repeats of the last row) of TESs that are of the same type as those being planned for X-IFU, using measurement and analysis parameters within the ranges specified for X-IFU. Singlecolumn TDM measurements have best-fit energy resolution of (1.91 ± 0.01) eV for the Al Kα complex (1.5 keV), (2.10 ± 0.02) eV for Ti Kα (4.5 keV), (2.23 ± 0.02) eV for Mn Kα (5.9 keV), (2.40 ± 0.02) eV for Co Kα (6.9 keV), and (3.44 ± 0.04) eV for Br Kα (11.9 keV). Three-column measurements have best-fit resolution of (2.03 ± 0.01) eV for Ti Kα and (2.40 ± 0.01) eV for Co Kα. The degradation due to the multiplexed readout ranges from 0.1 eV at the lower end of the energy range to 0.5 eV at the higher end. The demonstrated performance meets X-IFU's energy-resolution and energy-range requirements. True 40-row TDM readout, without repeated rows, of kilopixel scale arrays of X-IFU-like TESs is now under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Durkin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - J S Adams
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - S R Bandler
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - J A Chervenak
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - S Chaudhuri
- Stanford University Dept. of Physics, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - C S Dawson
- Stanford University Dept. of Physics, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - E V Denison
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - W B Doriese
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - S M Duff
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - F M Finkbeiner
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - C T FitzGerald
- Santa Clara University Dept. of Physics, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA
| | - J W Fowler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - J D Gard
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - K D Irwin
- Stanford University Dept. of Physics, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Y I Joe
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - R L Kelley
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - C A Kilbourne
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - A R Miniussi
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - K M Morgan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - G C O'Neil
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - C G Pappas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - F S Porter
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - C D Reintsema
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - D A Rudman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - K SaKai
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - S J Smith
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - R W Stevens
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - D S Swetz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - P Szypryt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - J N Ullom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - L R Vale
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - N Wakeham
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - J C Weber
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Santa Clara University Dept. of Physics, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA
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18
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Doriese WB, Bandler SR, Chaudhuri S, Dawson CS, Denison EV, Duff SM, Durkin M, FitzGerald CT, Fowler JW, Gard JD, Hilton GC, Irwin KD, Joe YI, Morgan KM, O'Neil GC, Pappas CG, Reintsema CD, Rudman DA, Smith SJ, Stevens RW, Swetz DS, Szypryt P, Ullom JN, Vale LR, Weber JC, Young BA. Optimization of Time- and Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2019; 29:10.1109/TASC.2019.2905577. [PMID: 31360051 PMCID: PMC6662226 DOI: 10.1109/tasc.2019.2905577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Readout of a large, spacecraft-based array of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) requires careful management of the layout area and power dissipation of the cryogenic-circuit components. We present three optimizations of our time- (TDM) and code-division-multiplexing (CDM) systems for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), a several-thousand-pixel-TES array for the planned Athena-satellite mission. The first optimization is a new readout scheme that is a hybrid of CDM and TDM. This C/TDM architecture balances CDM's noise advantage with TDM's layout compactness. The second is a redesign of a component: the shunt resistor that provides a dc-voltage bias to the TESs. A new layout and a thicker Pd-Au resistive layer combine to reduce this resistor's area by more than a factor of 5. Third, we have studied the power dissipated by the first-stage SQUIDs (superconducting quantum-interference devices) and the readout noise versus the critical current of the first-stage SqUIDs. As a result, the X-IFU TDM and C/TDM SQUIDs will have a specified junction critical current of 5 μA. Based on these design optimizations and TDM experiments described by Durkin, et al. (these proceedings), TDM meets all requirements to be X-IFU's backup-readout option. Hybrid C/TDM is another viable option that could save spacecraft resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Doriese
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - S R Bandler
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - S Chaudhuri
- Stanford University Dept. of Physics, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - C S Dawson
- Stanford University Dept. of Physics, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - E V Denison
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - S M Duff
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - M Durkin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - C T FitzGerald
- Santa Clara University Dept. of Physics, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA
| | - J W Fowler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - J D Gard
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - K D Irwin
- Stanford University Dept. of Physics, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Y I Joe
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - K M Morgan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - G C O'Neil
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - C G Pappas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - C D Reintsema
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - D A Rudman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - S J Smith
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - R W Stevens
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - D S Swetz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - P Szypryt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - J N Ullom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - L R Vale
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - J C Weber
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Stanford University Dept. of Physics, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Chaudhuri S, Bhobe PA, Bhattacharya A, Nigam AK. Unraveling the physical properties and superparamagnetism in anti-site disorder controlled Fe 2TiSn. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:045801. [PMID: 30543525 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf0c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With an aim to control the anti-site disorder between Fe and Ti atoms in the full Heusler alloy, Fe[Formula: see text]TiSn, we substitute a small percentage of Ti at Fe site to form the Fe[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]Sn ([Formula: see text]) series. Using the incident x-rays tuned to the Fe K-edge absorption energy, we record the high resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction profiles and unambiguously show the reduction in anti-site disorder. In particular, the Fe-Ti anti-site disorder decreases up to an excess Ti content of 0.07; further increase of Ti content leads to disorder between Ti-Sn sites. Detailed characterization vis-á-vis the excess Ti content has been carried out in terms of its thermal and electrical transport, and magnetic properties. Signatures of strong spin fluctuation are seen in all the physical properties reported here. The much disputed high value of the Sommerfeld constant has been shown to be a resultant of such strong spin fluctuations, thus ruling out the long standing controversy of heavy fermionic nature of Fe[Formula: see text]TiSn. Magnetization and the Seebeck coefficient show clear dependence on the disorder. Both dc and ac magnetic measurements reveal the low temperature superparamagnetic nature of this system, comprising of large magnetic clusters [Formula: see text]3 nm in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhuri
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
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Bidault X, Chaudhuri S. A flexible-molecule force field to model and study hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) – polymorphism under extreme conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39649-39661. [PMID: 36105179 PMCID: PMC9429022 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07645j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum-chemistry based force field (FF) developed for HMX by Smith and Bharadwaj (SB) [G. D. Smith and R. K. Bharadwaj, J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103(18), 3570–3575] is transferred to another nitramine of different stoichiometry: hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20 or HNIW). The modification of a single parameter alongside a very small number of add-ons related to carbon–carbon bonds, angles and dihedrals lead to two SB FF variants denoted SB-CL20 and SB-CL20 + CCNN. These flexible-molecule FFs should inherit the predictive capabilities of SB FF. For this purpose, we perform Molecular Dynamics simulations at ambient temperature and selected pressures. The modeled structures of the various CL-20 polymorphs are consistent with experimental data. Focusing on the ε-polymorph, we determine an equation of state which consolidates the general trend underpinned by most published results, and we confirm the increasing stiffness of the crystal under pressures up to 90 GPa. Moreover, we link some subtle pressure-induced changes of the elastic and structural properties to the flexibility and mobility of well-identified nitro groups. Finally, the simulations of the γ ↔ ζ phase transition suggest different multiple-step direct and reverse thermodynamic paths. The quantum-chemistry based force field developed by Smith and Bharadwaj is transferred to hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL20), revealing pressure-induced alterations of ε-CL20.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Bidault
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - S. Chaudhuri
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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21
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Chaudhuri S, Gupta S, Kumar N, Panda D, Radia A, Chaurasia A, Kumar N. Nonsmoked Tobacco Addiction Playing a Major Role in Oral Mucosal Changes in Northern Indian Population Over Smoked and Alcohol Use. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.79000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral cavity is prone for myriad of changes with advancing age as well result of environmental and life style related factors like consumption of tobacco (smoke or smokeless) and alcohol. Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the association of oral mucosal changes (OMC) with nonsmoked tobacco over smoked tobacco and alcohol. Methods: Data of 11,145 subjects from 106 health screening camps, organized in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan between April 2015 to June 2017 was analyzed to unveil and determine the mode of addiction and prevalence of OMC. Bivariate and multivariable models were tested for comparison and identification of factors associated with an increasing risk of developing OMC. Results: The primary symptoms were mouth ulcer in 5.6% and trismus (1.0%). The overall proportions of tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol addiction were 12.5%, 10.7% and 2.5% respectively. The highest prevalence of smoking noted in the age-group 55-64 years (14.4%), for tobacco chewing and alcohol consumption in the age-group 25-34 years was 15.6% and 4.2% respectively ( P < 0.001). The prevalence of mouth ulcers were 20.7% among smokers and 27.8% among tobacco chewers ( P < 0.001) while the percentage of trismus 26.1% among smokers and 53.0% among tobacco chewers ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Results of this study can be used for creating awareness among the population regarding the hazards of tobacco use. More number of studies needs to be conducted all over India to understand the prevalence and the biologic behavior of these oral premalignant lesions and its progression to invasive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S.K. Gupta
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - N. Kumar
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - D. Panda
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - A. Radia
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | | | - N. Kumar
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
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Chaudhuri S, Goel A, Awasthi A, Gupta S, Rastogi S, Panda D, Kumar N, Aneesh P. Disparity Between Metro-Centric Cancer Care and Rural Outreach in India: Situational Analysis and Future Trends in Context of Developing Countries. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.86000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation therapy is used in two-third of all patients diagnosed with cancer in any form and it has become an integral part of modern treatment strategies for many types of cancers in recent decade. Semi-urban and rural places in India lack healthcare facilities and so as the cancer care facilities. Aim: To identify the propensity of a metro-centric oncologic care in developing countries undermining the need of availability of facilities in smaller towns and cities. Methods: Data for state-wise population for 2016 and 2026 was projected using cohort component method. For the projection of cancer incidence and prevalence in 2016 and 2026, we assumed that the state-level prevalence and incidence of cancer in the year 2015 will not change over time in 2016. Data collected through telephonic interviews from the radiotherapy centers listed by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), India. Further, we assumed few scenarios of cancer incidence and prevalence increase and projected state wise cancer burden in 2026. Results: With almost 70% population of India residing in districts and cities lacking quality health care, the situation of cancer care is much grave. India is currently equipped with only 394 RTU (Radiation Therapy Unit) against requirement of almost 1300 RTU, amounting to 0.38 RTU per million populations as per World Health Organization. The public sponsored healthcare infrastructure for cancer treatment, and research is centralized with all the resources centered in metro/major cities. Eight metro cities of India with a combined population of 140.6 million hold control of 188 RTU under their boundaries. Thus, while habitants of these eight metro cities, constituting only 10.9% of the national population, avail treatment benefit from 38% of total RTU capacity of India, rest of Indian population at 1143.8 million strengths is left prey to the wrath of cancer with just 306 machines at disposal. In comparison, the developed nations as the United States of America, Australia, and the United Kingdom fare far better in RTU availability for treatment of diagnosed cancer patients, with RTU per million population density of 12.45, 10.12 and 5.04 respectively. Similar scenario has been seen in other LMICs in world like Congo, Mongolia, Sudan, Nigeria, Nepal etc. Conclusion: We observed that wide disparity exists in India concerning RTU and cancer facility availability and density per million populations in between metro cities and rest of India and a dire need of improvement to fight against cancer which is very similar to the situation in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Goel
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - A. Awasthi
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - S.K. Gupta
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - S. Rastogi
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - D. Panda
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - N. Kumar
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
| | - P. Aneesh
- Nayati Medicity, Oncology, Mathura, India
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23
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Hussain QZ, Chaudhuri S. Reaction Characteristics of Antiprothrombin Antibody on the Activation of Prothrombin (Sheep). Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Summary1. Prothrombin was purified by a series of steps and subsequently on DEAE-Cellu- lose chromatography and specific antibody to pure prothrombin was prepared.2. The effect of Anti-prothrombin antibody was tested on the activation of prothrombin. The generated thrombin was assayed for its clotting function as well as for esterase activity on TAMe (Tosyl-Arginine-Methyl ester) as substrate.3. Anti-prothrombin antibody inhibits the clotting function of generated thrombin completely but its esterase function is only partially affected.
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Chaudhuri S, Bhobe PA, Nigam AK. Possible half-metallicity and variable range hopping transport in Sb-substituted Fe 2TiSn Heusler alloys. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:015703. [PMID: 29211688 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9c10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the magnetotransport properties on [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]Sb x with 0 [Formula: see text] 0.6 are presented in this paper. The substitution of Sb in place of Sn decreases the anti-site disorder as evident from x-ray diffraction patterns as well as from transport properties measurement. The much-disputed upturn in low temperature electrical resistivity of [Formula: see text]TiSn has been demonstrated to be a result of weak localization induced by anti-site disorder. With increased Sb substitution (⩾25%) the metallic transport behavior of [Formula: see text]TiSn changes to semiconductor-like. At low temperature, carrier transport in such compositions occurs via the variable range hopping mechanism. Moreover, a systematic increase in the anomalous Hall voltage is observed with increasing Sb-content, attributable to a side jump or Berry phase curvature effect. Electrical resistivity in the entire temperature regime hints towards half metallicity of the system. Our ab initio electronic structure calculations using generalised gradient approximation formalism further supports the results of our magnetotransport study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhuri
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India
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Kneale L, Chaudhuri S, Rosenberg D, Demiris G, Phelan E. SMART-PHONE APPLICATION EVALUATION FOR OLDER ADULTS PRESCRIBED PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR FALL PREVENTION. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kneale
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,
| | | | - D. Rosenberg
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington,
| | - G. Demiris
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,
| | - E.A. Phelan
- Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,
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Mitra R, Chaudhuri S, Dutta D. Modelling the growth kinetics of Kocuria marina DAGII as a function of single and binary substrate during batch production of β-Cryptoxanthin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:99-113. [PMID: 27628580 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, growth kinetics of Kocuria marina DAGII during batch production of β-Cryptoxanthin (β-CRX) was studied by considering the effect of glucose and maltose as a single and binary substrate. The importance of mixed substrate over single substrate has been emphasised in the present study. Different mathematical models namely, the Logistic model for cell growth, the Logistic mass balance equation for substrate consumption and the Luedeking-Piret model for β-CRX production were successfully implemented. Model-based analyses for the single substrate experiments suggested that the concentrations of glucose and maltose higher than 7.5 and 10.0 g/L, respectively, inhibited the growth and β-CRX production by K. marina DAGII. The Han and Levenspiel model and the Luong product inhibition model accurately described the cell growth in glucose and maltose substrate systems with a R 2 value of 0.9989 and 0.9998, respectively. The effect of glucose and maltose as binary substrate was further investigated. The binary substrate kinetics was well described using the sum-kinetics with interaction parameters model. The results of production kinetics revealed that the presence of binary substrate in the cultivation medium increased the biomass and β-CRX yield significantly. This study is a first time detailed investigation on kinetic behaviours of K. marina DAGII during β-CRX production. The parameters obtained in the study might be helpful for developing strategies for commercial production of β-CRX by K. marina DAGII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Surabhi Chaudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Debjani Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
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Bockstiegel C, Wang Y, Vissers MR, Wei LF, Chaudhuri S, Hubmayr J, Gao J. A tunable coupler for superconducting microwave resonators using a nonlinear kinetic inductance transmission line. Appl Phys Lett 2016; 108:222604. [PMID: 29332947 PMCID: PMC5761681 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a tunable coupler scheme that allows us to tune the coupling strength between a feedline and a superconducting resonator in situ over a wide range. In this scheme, we shunt the feedline with a 50-Ω lumped-element nonlinear transmission line made from a 20 nm NbTiN film. By injecting a DC current, the nonlinear kinetic inductance changes and the effective impedance shunting the resonator periodically varies from a short to an open, which tunes the coupling strength and coupling quality factor Qc . We have demonstrated Qc tuning over a factor of 40, between Qc ~ 5.5 × 104 and Qc ~ 2.3 × 106, for a 4.5 GHz resonator by applying a DC current less than 3.3 mA. Our tunable coupler scheme is easy to implement and may find broad applications in superconducting detector and quantum computing/information experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Bockstiegel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Y. Wang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Quantum Optoelectronics Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - M. R. Vissers
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - L. F. Wei
- Quantum Optoelectronics Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - S. Chaudhuri
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J. Hubmayr
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J. Gao
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Mitra R, Samanta AK, Chaudhuri S, Dutta D. Effect of Selected Physico-Chemical Factors on Bacterial Β-Cryptoxanthin Degradation: Stability and Kinetic Study. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology; National Institute of Technology Durgapur; Durgapur 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Amit Kumar Samanta
- Department of Biotechnology; National Institute of Technology Durgapur; Durgapur 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Surabhi Chaudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology; National Institute of Technology Durgapur; Durgapur 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Debjani Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology; National Institute of Technology Durgapur; Durgapur 713209 West Bengal India
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Kumar Samanta A, Chaudhuri S, Dutta D. Antioxidant efficacy of carotenoid extract from bacterial strain Kocuria marina DAGII. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Goswami G, Chaudhuri S, Dutta D. Studies on the stability of a carotenoid produced by a novel isolate using low cost agro-industrial residue and its application in different model systems. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a surge of awareness about autism among the public and professionals. Much revealing research is being done on this issue and the knowledge base has improved substantially and a set of professionals are specializing on the subject, focusing on its causative factors and management. Autism being a disorder stemming from early childhood and the prevalence rate rising alarmingly over the years, Pediatricians are expected to play a vital role in early detection and early intervention in management of the problem. But, unfortunately, autism is not yet considered to be under the purview of pediatricians. As pediatricians, we are often perplexed when faced with such a different child in our office and either overlook the problem or hurry to hand him over to a psychiatrist, not trying to really identify and understand the problem as a medical entity ourselves. Hence better awareness among pediatricians is the need of the day. As specialists have worked with autism over the decades, it has become clear that: autism is a disorder that involves early development, presently there is no medical answer to autism, and the only management strategy hinges largely on effective training. The earlier the training begins the better it is for the child. It is of paramount importance to start training and bring about changes by the time the child is 18 months old. This throws up interesting new challenges to the profession of pediatrics. To identify the early warning signs of autism, it is important that Pediatricians are able to recognize the signs and symptoms of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), have a strategy for assessing them systematically, be familiar with available tools for screening as well as developmental and educational resources.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i3.12775 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol-10, No-3, 37-47
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Saha N, Samanta AK, Chaudhuri S, Dutta D. Characterization and antioxidant potential of a carotenoid from a newly isolated yeast. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Cohen A, Agnelli G, Buller H, Chaudhuri S, Gallus A, Raskob G, Sanders P, Thompson J, Weitz J. ANALYSIS OF THE BLEEDING AND THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK WITH CONCOMITANT USE OF ANTIPLATELET TREATMENT IN THE AMPLIFY TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kullu J, Dutta A, Constales D, Chaudhuri S, Dutta D. Experimental and modeling studies on microwave-assisted extraction of mangiferin from Curcuma amada. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:107-120. [PMID: 28324442 PMCID: PMC3964255 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin, a bioactive compound having potent nutraceutical, strong antioxidant and pharmacological significance has been extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique from Curcuma amada, commonly known as mango ginger. The extraction solvent ethanol is eco-friendly, nontoxic and reduces the risk of environmental hazards. The influence of several independent variables such as microwave power, ethanol concentration, extraction (irradiation) time and pre-leaching time has been studied under varying conditions using one-factor-at-a-time analysis to obtain an optimal extraction ratio. The maximum mangiferin content of 1.1156 mg/g is obtained at microwave power of 550 W and extraction time of 50 s with 80 % ethanol as a solvent and pre-leaching time of 20 min. The results indicate that microwave power and ethanol concentration have the most significant effect on the yield of mangiferin content. The presence of mangiferin in final Curcuma amada extract is confirmed through high-performance liquid chromatography and the functional groups are identified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses using standard mangiferin. The experimental profiles are fitted into a two-parameter modified first-order kinetic model and a three-parameter modified logistic model and checked using the goodness-of-fit criterion. The Curcuma amada retained its antioxidant activity after MAE treatment and the antioxidant activity of mangiferin obtained after extraction using DPPH free radical scavenging assay is studied.
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Abstract
An ecoepidemiological model in which the disease can be transmitted from one population to another one is considered. Linear harvesting on all the populations is considered. By means of numerical simulations, the role of the epidemiological parameters as well as that of harvesting are investigated. Some relevant consequences of harvesting on the system dynamics are discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhuri
- Dipartimento di Matematica Giuseppe Peano, Universita' di Torino, via Carlo Alberto 10, 10123 Torino, Italy
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Bhunia B, Dutta D, Chaudhuri S. Extracellular alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis NCIM-2042: Improving enzyme activity assay and characterization. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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40
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Datta C, Dutta A, Dutta D, Chaudhuri S. Adsorption of polyphenols from ginger rhizomes on an anion exchange resin Amberlite IR-400 – Study on effect of pH and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2011.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chaudhuri S, Pandey NK, Saini S, Budhani RC. Dynamics of a robust photo-induced insulator-metal transition driven by coherent and broad-band light in epitaxial films of La(0.625-y)Pr(y)Ca(0.375)MnO(3). J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:275502. [PMID: 21399257 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/27/275502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A dramatic drop of ≈5 orders of magnitude in the resistance (R) of La(0.175)Pr(0.45)Ca(0.375)MnO(3) epitaxial films upon exposure to optical photons derived from both continuous and pulsed lasers, as well as broad-band sources at temperatures (T) < 30 K is reported. The strength of change is a sensitive function of both the incident photon flux and temperature. Under isothermal conditions the photo-generated low resistance state persists eternally after removal of light. This non-equilibrium state is metallic, as revealed by the positive dR/dT for T ≤ T(p) (≈120 K). This electrically conducting state is presumably ferromagnetic as T(p) coincides with the temperature where a weak ferromagnetism sets in on cooling the insulating film from room temperature. To rule out the possibility of photon-induced local heating of the sample as a mechanism of the observed effects, photo-illumination experiments were performed under identical conditions on thin films of two non-charge-ordered manganites deposited on substrates of similar thermal conductivity. Our model for the observed transition encompasses a global charge-ordered state in which ferromagnetic metallic clusters of fraction p much less than the critical fraction p(c) for percolation exists at low temperatures. Photo-induced melting of the charge-ordered state increases this fraction beyond p(c) in a cumulative manner as successive pulses of light fall on the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhuri
- Condensed Matter—Low Dimensional Systems Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
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Basu S, Chaudhuri S, Bhattacharyya M, Chatterjee TK, Todi S, Majumdar A. Microalbuminuria: An inexpensive, non invasive bedside tool to predict outcome in critically ill patients. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:146-52. [PMID: 23105901 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate whether microalbuminuria on admission and after 24 hrs of admission to intensive care unit (ICU) predicts outcome as well as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II severity illness score, the current accepted method of doing so. The study was carried out in a 20 bed mixed medical-surgical ICU of a tertiary care hospital. Of 525 consecutive adult patients with ICU stay of more than 24 hrs, 238 were included for the study. Patients with pregnancy, menstruation, anuria, macroscopic hematuria, urinary tract infection, marked proteinuria due to renal and post-renal structural diseases, were excluded. Spot urine samples were collected on admission to ICU and 24 hrs thereafter. Urine albumincreatinine ratio (ACR) was measured on ICU admission (ACR1) and after 24 hrs (ACR2) and expressed in mg/g. Patient demographics were noted on admission. For disease severity scoring, APACHE II scores were calculated. Each patient was followed up throughout their ICU stay for a maximum of 28 days and the following outcome data were obtained: ICU length of stay and ICU mortality. Of the 238 patients, 196 survived while 42 patients died in the ICU. Non-survivors had a significantly higher median ACR2 [162.7 mg/g (IQR 69.5-344.3)] in comparison to the survivors who had a median ACR2 = 54.4 mg/g (IQR 19.0-129.1) (P< 0.0001). The median ACR1 [161.0 mg/g (IQR 29.0-369.3)] of non-survivors was higher than the median ACR1 [80.4 mg/g (IQR 35.1-167.6)] of survivors but failed to reach statistical significance (P= 0.0948). In a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, ACR2 emerged as the best indicator of mortality [(area under curve (AUC) of ACR2 = 0.71 > AUC (ACR1) =0.58 > AUC (ΔACR) =0.55] similar to the currently used APACHE II scores (AUC = 0.78) (P=0.3). At a cutoff of 101 mg/g, ACR2 had a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 67%, positive predictive value of 31% and a negative predictive value of 91% for predicting mortality in the critically ill patients. Absence of significant microalbuminuria at 24 hrs of ICU admission may help to predict survival in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Basu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AMRI Hospitals, Besides Dhakuria Bridge, Kolkata, 700 029 India
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Basha MA, Chaudhuri S, Safavi-Naeini S. A study of coupling interactions in finite arbitrarily-shaped grooves in electromagnetic scattering problem. Opt Express 2010; 18:2743-2752. [PMID: 20174103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A study of coupling between finite number of general-shaped grooves in electromagnetic plane-wave scattering problem is presented. The formulation for a single groove [1] is extended to two grooves. The importance of inclusion of coupling interaction between two grooves in scattering analysis is presented and its dependence on the grooves separation distance and the angle of incident of the electromagnetic field is demonstrated quantitatively. For larger angle of incident and smaller separation distance between grooves indicate larger discrepancy between between simulation results with and without inclusion of the coupling effects. Although the results presented here considers two grooves, the formulation can be extended to arbitrary number of grooves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Basha
- Intelligent Integrated Radio and Photonics Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Chaudhuri S, Lowen B, Chan G, Davey A, Riddell M, Guilbert L. Human Cytomegalovirus Interacts with Toll-like Receptor 2 and CD14 on Syncytiotrophoblasts to Stimulate Expression of TNFα mRNA and Apoptosis. Placenta 2009; 30:994-1001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Singh UR, Chaudhuri S, Budhani RC, Gupta AK. Polaronic pseudogap in the metallic phase of La(0.625)Ca(0.375)MnO(3) thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:355001. [PMID: 21828622 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/35/355001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electronic density of states (DOS) of La(0.625)Ca(0.375)MnO(3) (LCMO) strain-free epitaxial thin films with an insulator-metal transition temperature (T(IM)) of 250 K was probed using variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We find a depression in the DOS with a finite zero bias conductance (ZBC) signifying a pseudogap in the 78-310 K temperature range. With cooling, the ZBC is found to increase, indicating an increased DOS near E(F). We interpret the pseudogap as a signature of Jahn-Teller polarons while the ZBC change, in agreement with the bulk insulator-metal transition, optical Drude peak and photoemission experiments, indicates the presence of free carriers at the Fermi energy in the metallic phase. The free carriers are discussed in terms of correlated polaronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udai Raj Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Law S, Basu K, Banerjee S, Begum B, Chaudhuri S. Cord Blood-Derived Plasma Factor (CBPF) Potentiates the Low Cytokinetic and Immunokinetic Profile of Bone Marrow Cells in Pesticide Victims Suffering from Acquired Aplastic Anaemia (AAA): An in vitro Correlate. Immunol Invest 2009; 35:209-25. [PMID: 16698678 DOI: 10.1080/08820130600616730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cases of Acquired Aplastic Anaemia (AAA) in patients with a long history of pesticide exposure from agricultural fields have been investigated in our laboratory using an immunological approach. These patients showed moderate to severe degrees of bone marrow aplasia as a result of 9-12 years protracted exposure to pesticides which were mainly comprised of organophosphorous and organochloride compounds. The bone marrow aspirate culture was found to be severely deficient both in terms of differentiation and proliferation, and cell mediated immune function (CMI). We attempted ex vivo manipulation of the bone marrow population of patients in two different protocols: in one, stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were administered and, in the second set, cord blood-derived plasma factors (CBPF) were supplemented to evaluate the effects, if any. Simultaneously, two control groups including one for healthy normal control (N) and the second, for non-pesticide induced aplastic anaemia group of patients (NPAA) was also investigated for all the above parameters. Active colony formation and improved cellular immune activity (CMI) was observed more frequently in the CBPF treated group rather than that in the cytokine treated group. Surprisingly, administration of cytokines in the first set and CBPF in the second set triggered CD34 (+) cell generation as revealed through flow cytometric analysis (FACS). The effect was more pronounced in the second set. Investigations carried out with NPAA showed relatively insignificant effects with both cytokine and CBPF set up. The investigations indicated that AAA as induced by pesticides could be therapeutically manipulated by exogenous cytokines and growth factors and, more efficiently, by CBPF by way of immunopotentiation through microenvironmental supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Law
- Department of Haematology, Immunology and Immuno-Haematology Laboratory, School of Tropical Medicine, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, India
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Graetz J, Chaudhuri S, Salguero TT, Vajo JJ, Meyer MS, Pinkerton FE. Local bonding and atomic environments in Ni-catalyzed complex hydrides. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:204007. [PMID: 19420655 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/20/204007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The local bonding and atomic environments in the Ni-catalyzed destabilized system LiBH4/MgH2 and the quaternary borohydride-amide phase Li3BN2H8, were studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. In both cases the Ni catalyst was introduced as NiCl2 and a qualitative comparison of the Ni K-edge near-edge structure suggests the Ni2+ is reduced to primarily Ni0 after ball milling. The extended fine structure of the Ni K edge indicates that the Ni is coordinated by approximately 3 boron atoms with an interatomic distance of approximately 2.1 A and approximately 11 Ni atoms in a split shell at around 2.5 and 2.8 A. These results, and the lack of long-range order, suggest that the Ni is present as a disordered nanocluster with a local structure similar to that of Ni3B. In the fully hydrogenated phase of LiBH4/MgH2 a small amount Mg2NiHx was also present. Surface calculations performed using density functional theory suggest that the lowest kinetic barrier for H2 chemisorption occurs on the Ni3B(100) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graetz
- Department of Energy Sciences and Technology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Bhattacharjee M, Acharya S, Ghosh A, Sarkar P, Chatterjee S, Kumar P, Chaudhuri S. Bax and Bid act in synergy to bring about T11TS-mediated glioma apoptosis via the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and subsequent caspase activation. Int Immunol 2008; 20:1489-505. [PMID: 18931364 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific apoptotic role of T11TS has been well established in glioma animal models. T11TS specifically induces the glioma cells to die an apoptotic death via immune cross-talk with the two intracranial immune competent cells-microglia and the brain-infiltrating lymphocytes. To unearth the molecular cascades operative within the glioma cells and to some extent in the two interacting immunocytes, we had initiated studies where preliminary findings not only had indicated the involvement of death receptors but had also hinted to the involvement of other apoptotic regulators. Hence, to identify the molecular pathway of apoptosis involving other apoptotic regulators in the three cell types, the cells were studied for the intrinsic apoptotic death regulators that were engaged to maintain the mitochondrial membrane integrity. The proteins that were selected could be divided into three broad classes-the Bcl-2 family of proteins-Bid, Bax and Bcl-2; the guardian of the genome p53 and the proteins downstream of mitochondria-Apaf-1, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3. Activated Bid as well as maximal p53 expression was observed in the first dose of T11TS thus dually activating the pro-apoptotic Bax in the first and second dose in the glioma cells. Concurrently, the pro-survival protein Bcl-2's expression level was very much down-regulated in the same two doses favoring the internal microenvironment to proceed for apoptosis. High expression of cytochrome c and Apaf-1 and the presence of active caspase-9 and active caspase-3 in all the T11TS-treated tumor-bearing groups further adjudicated apoptosis of the glioma cells with clear involvement of mitochondrial death pathway in the T11TS-treated animals. Even though expression of the apoptotic regulators remained more or less the same indicating the involvement of mitochondria in the two interacting immunocytes, the intensity of expression of these proteins was much lower than the tumor cells. The present work focuses on the mechanistic approach of how T11TS mediates apoptosis and hence is the first approach of its kind in the field of immunology where the immunotherapeutic molecule's mode of action has been worked out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhattacharjee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue Road, Kolkata 700073
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Abstract
The concept of stem cells, their physiological existence, the intricate anatomical localization, the known and the unknown functions, and their exclusive utility for the purpose of regenerative medicine, are all now encompassed within an emergent question, 'how compatible these cells are immunologically?' Indeed, the medical aspects of stem cells are dependent on a large number of queries based on the basic properties of the cells. It has greatly been emphasized to probe into the basic research on stem cells before any successful therapeutic attempts are made. One of the intricate aspects of the adult stem cells is its immunological behavior in relation to the microenvironmental associates, the stromal cells in the presence of a suitable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Law Sujata
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
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Chaudhuri S, Varshney JP, Patra RC. Erythrocytic antioxidant defense, lipid peroxides level and blood iron, zinc and copper concentrations in dogs naturally infected with Babesia gibsoni. Res Vet Sci 2008; 85:120-4. [PMID: 18378268 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Babesiosis is a common tick borne disease of dogs in tropical and subtropical regions of the world caused by different species of Babesia. The present study aimed to examine erythrocyte lipid peroxide and erythrocytic antioxidant levels in dogs with clinical babesiosis, caused by Babesia gibsoni, and impact of the disease on blood iron, zinc and copper levels. The study was conducted on 10 naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis with the history of tick infestation, erratic pyrexia, and prolonged illness. Microscopic examination of Giemsa stained peripheral blood smears confirmed B. gibsoni infection in the erythrocytes. Six apparently healthy dogs of different age, sex and breeds, brought for either health checkup or vaccination were used for comparison. Levels of erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes were significantly (P<0.01) higher in sick dogs than those of cytologically negative dogs (catalase: 0.192+/-0.024 units/mg Hb vs 0.074+/-0.004 units/mg Hb; superoxide dismutase: 0.014+/-0.0009 units/mg Hb vs 0.006+/-0.0008 units/mg Hb and lipid peroxide: 6.01+/-0.30 nmol MDA/mg Hb vs 1.89+/-0.10 nmol MDA/mg Hb). The levels of blood micronutrients were significantly low in these dogs (iron: 89.87+/-8.12 microg/g vs 126.44+/-14.65 microg/g; zinc: 3.67+/-1.85 microg/g vs 5.62+/-1.83 microg/g and copper: 0.55+/-0.63 microg/g vs 0.65+/-0.04 microg/g). The study demonstrated oxidative damage in dogs naturally infected with B. gibsoni. Low level of blood iron, zinc and copper seems to have an additional role in the genesis of anaemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhuri
- Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory, Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India
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