1
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Batoon L, Keshvari S, Irvine KM, Ho E, Caruso M, Patkar OL, Sehgal A, Millard SM, Hume DA, Pettit AR. Relative contributions of osteal macrophages and osteoclasts to postnatal bone development in CSF1R-deficient rats and phenotype rescue following wild-type bone marrow cell transfer. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae077. [PMID: 38526212 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage and osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and survival are regulated by colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling. Osteopetrosis associated with Csf1 and Csf1r mutations has been attributed to the loss of osteoclasts and deficiency in bone resorption. Here we demonstrate that homozygous Csf1r mutation in rat leads to delayed postnatal skeletal ossification associated with substantial loss of osteal macrophages (osteomacs) in addition to osteoclasts. Osteosclerosis and site-specific skeletal abnormalities were reversed by intraperitoneal transfer of wild-type bone marrow cells (BMT) at weaning. Following BMT, IBA1+ macrophages were detected before TRAP+ osteoclasts at sites of ossification restoration. These observations extend evidence that osteomacs independently contribute to bone anabolism and are required for normal postnatal bone growth and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - Eileen Ho
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4102
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2
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Hume DA, Millard SM, Pettit AR. Macrophage heterogeneity in the single-cell era: facts and artifacts. Blood 2023; 142:1339-1347. [PMID: 37595274 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this spotlight, we review technical issues that compromise single-cell analysis of tissue macrophages, including limited and unrepresentative yields, fragmentation and generation of remnants, and activation during tissue disaggregation. These issues may lead to a misleading definition of subpopulations of macrophages and the expression of macrophage-specific transcripts by unrelated cells. Recognition of the technical limitations of single-cell approaches is required in order to map the full spectrum of tissue-resident macrophage heterogeneity and assess its biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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3
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Tseng HW, Kulina I, Girard D, Gueguen J, Vaquette C, Salga M, Fleming W, Jose B, Millard SM, Pettit AR, Schroder K, Thomas G, Wheeler L, Genêt F, Banzet S, Alexander KA, Lévesque JP. Interleukin-1 Is Overexpressed in Injured Muscles Following Spinal Cord Injury and Promotes Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:531-546. [PMID: 34841579 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) form in periarticular muscles after severe spinal cord (SCI) and traumatic brain injuries. The pathogenesis of NHO is poorly understood with no effective preventive treatment. The only curative treatment remains surgical resection of pathological NHOs. In a mouse model of SCI-induced NHO that involves a transection of the spinal cord combined with a muscle injury, a differential gene expression analysis revealed that genes involved in inflammation such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were overexpressed in muscles developing NHO. Using mice knocked-out for the gene encoding IL-1 receptor (IL1R1) and neutralizing antibodies for IL-1α and IL-1β, we show that IL-1 signaling contributes to NHO development after SCI in mice. Interestingly, other proteins involved in inflammation that were also overexpressed in muscles developing NHO, such as colony-stimulating factor-1, tumor necrosis factor, or C-C chemokine ligand-2, did not promote NHO development. Finally, using NHO biopsies from SCI and TBI patients, we show that IL-1β is expressed by CD68+ macrophages. IL-1α and IL-1β produced by activated human monocytes promote calcium mineralization and RUNX2 expression in fibro-adipogenic progenitors isolated from muscles surrounding NHOs. Altogether, these data suggest that interleukin-1 promotes NHO development in both humans and mice. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Irina Kulina
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Dorothée Girard
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Clamart, France.,INSERM UMR-MD 1197, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jules Gueguen
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Clamart, France.,INSERM UMR-MD 1197, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Marjorie Salga
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Unité Péri Opératoire du Handicap (UPOH), PMR Department, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ); UFR Simone Veil - Santé, END: ICAP, INSERM U1179, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Garches, France.,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ); UFR Simone Veil - Santé, END: ICAP, INSERM U1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Whitney Fleming
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Beulah Jose
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia
| | - Gethin Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Lawrie Wheeler
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - François Genêt
- Unité Péri Opératoire du Handicap (UPOH), PMR Department, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ); UFR Simone Veil - Santé, END: ICAP, INSERM U1179, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Garches, France.,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ); UFR Simone Veil - Santé, END: ICAP, INSERM U1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Clamart, France.,INSERM UMR-MD 1197, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kylie A Alexander
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
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4
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Tseng HW, Girard D, Alexander KA, Millard SM, Torossian F, Anginot A, Fleming W, Gueguen J, Goriot ME, Clay D, Jose B, Nowlan B, Pettit AR, Salga M, Genêt F, Bousse-Kerdilès MCL, Banzet S, Lévesque JP. Spinal cord injury reprograms muscle fibroadipogenic progenitors to form heterotopic bones within muscles. Bone Res 2022; 10:22. [PMID: 35217633 PMCID: PMC8881504 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cells of origin of neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs), which develop frequently in the periarticular muscles following spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and traumatic brain injuries, remain unclear because skeletal muscle harbors two progenitor cell populations: satellite cells (SCs), which are myogenic, and fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are mesenchymal. Lineage-tracing experiments using the Cre recombinase/LoxP system were performed in two mouse strains with the fluorescent protein ZsGreen specifically expressed in either SCs or FAPs in skeletal muscles under the control of the Pax7 or Prrx1 gene promoter, respectively. These experiments demonstrate that following muscle injury, SCI causes the upregulation of PDGFRα expression on FAPs but not SCs and the failure of SCs to regenerate myofibers in the injured muscle, with reduced apoptosis and continued proliferation of muscle resident FAPs enabling their osteogenic differentiation into NHOs. No cells expressing ZsGreen under the Prrx1 promoter were detected in the blood after injury, suggesting that the cells of origin of NHOs are locally derived from the injured muscle. We validated these findings using human NHO biopsies. PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cells isolated from the muscle surrounding NHO biopsies could develop ectopic human bones when transplanted into immunocompromised mice, whereas CD56+ myogenic cells had a much lower potential. Therefore, NHO is a pathology of the injured muscle in which SCI reprograms FAPs to undergo uncontrolled proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dorothée Girard
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), INSERM UMRS-MD, 1197, Clamart, France
| | - Kylie A Alexander
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Frédéric Torossian
- INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Université de Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Adrienne Anginot
- INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Université de Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Whitney Fleming
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jules Gueguen
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), INSERM UMRS-MD, 1197, Clamart, France
| | | | - Denis Clay
- INSERM UMS-44, Université de Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Beulah Jose
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bianca Nowlan
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Marjorie Salga
- UPOH (Unité Péri Opératoire du Handicap, Perioperative Disability Unit), Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Garches, France.,Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil - Santé, END:ICAP INSERM U1179, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - François Genêt
- UPOH (Unité Péri Opératoire du Handicap, Perioperative Disability Unit), Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Garches, France.,Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil - Santé, END:ICAP INSERM U1179, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Sébastien Banzet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), INSERM UMRS-MD, 1197, Clamart, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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5
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Millard SM, Heng O, Opperman KS, Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Kaur S, Sandrock CJ, Wu AC, Magor GW, Batoon L, Perkins AC, Noll JE, Zannettino ACW, Sester DP, Levesque JP, Hume DA, Raggatt LJ, Summers KM, Pettit AR. Fragmentation of tissue-resident macrophages during isolation confounds analysis of single-cell preparations from mouse hematopoietic tissues. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110058. [PMID: 34818538 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse hematopoietic tissues contain abundant tissue-resident macrophages that support immunity, hematopoiesis, and bone homeostasis. A systematic strategy to characterize macrophage subsets in mouse bone marrow (BM), spleen, and lymph node unexpectedly reveals that macrophage surface marker staining emanates from membrane-bound subcellular remnants associated with unrelated cells. Intact macrophages are not present within these cell preparations. The macrophage remnant binding profile reflects interactions between macrophages and other cell types in vivo. Depletion of CD169+ macrophages in vivo eliminates F4/80+ remnant attachment. Remnant-restricted macrophage-specific membrane markers, cytoplasmic fluorescent reporters, and mRNA are all detected in non-macrophage cells including isolated stem and progenitor cells. Analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, including publicly available datasets, indicates that macrophage fragmentation is a general phenomenon that confounds bulk and single-cell analysis of disaggregated hematopoietic tissues. Hematopoietic tissue macrophage fragmentation undermines the accuracy of macrophage ex vivo molecular profiling and creates opportunity for misattribution of macrophage-expressed genes to non-macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ostyn Heng
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Khatora S Opperman
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Cheyenne J Sandrock
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andy C Wu
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; TRI Flow Cytometry Suite, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Graham W Magor
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew C Perkins
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - David P Sester
- TRI Flow Cytometry Suite, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Liza J Raggatt
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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6
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Batoon L, Millard SM, Raggatt LJ, Wu AC, Kaur S, Sun LWH, Williams K, Sandrock C, Ng PY, Irvine KM, Bartnikowski M, Glatt V, Pavlos NJ, Pettit AR. Osteal macrophages support osteoclast-mediated resorption and contribute to bone pathology in a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2214-2228. [PMID: 34278602 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteal macrophages (osteomacs) support osteoblast function and promote bone anabolism, but their contribution to osteoporosis has not been explored. Although mouse ovariectomy (OVX) models have been repeatedly used, variation in strain, experimental design and assessment modalities have contributed to no single model being confirmed as comprehensively replicating the full gamut of osteoporosis pathological manifestations. We validated an OVX model in adult C3H/HeJ mice and demonstrated that it presents with human postmenopausal osteoporosis features with reduced bone volume in axial and appendicular bone and bone loss in both trabecular and cortical bone including increased cortical porosity. Bone loss was associated with increased osteoclasts on trabecular and endocortical bone and decreased osteoblasts on trabecular bone. Importantly, this OVX model was characterized by delayed fracture healing. Using this validated model, we demonstrated that osteomacs are increased post-OVX on both trabecular and endocortical bone. Dual F4/80 (pan-macrophage marker) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining revealed osteomacs frequently located near TRAP+ osteoclasts and contained TRAP+ intracellular vesicles. Using an in vivo inducible macrophage depletion model that does not simultaneously deplete osteoclasts, we observed that osteomac loss was associated with elevated extracellular TRAP in bone marrow interstitium and increased serum TRAP. Using in vitro high-resolution confocal imaging of mixed osteoclast-macrophage cultures on bone substrate, we observed macrophages juxtaposed to osteoclast basolateral functional secretory domains scavenging degraded bone byproducts. These data demonstrate a role for osteomacs in supporting osteoclastic bone resorption through phagocytosis and sequestration of resorption byproducts. Overall, our data expose a novel role for osteomacs in supporting osteoclast function and provide the first evidence of their involvement in osteoporosis pathogenesis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liza J Raggatt
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andy C Wu
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lucas W H Sun
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyle Williams
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheyenne Sandrock
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michal Bartnikowski
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vaida Glatt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Orthopaedic Surgery Department, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Lévesque JP, Summers KM, Bisht K, Millard SM, Winkler IG, Pettit AR. Macrophages form erythropoietic niches and regulate iron homeostasis to adapt erythropoiesis in response to infections and inflammation. Exp Hematol 2021; 103:1-14. [PMID: 34500024 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has recently emerged that tissue-resident macrophages are key regulators of several stem cell niches orchestrating tissue formation during development, as well as postnatally, when they also organize the repair and regeneration of many tissues including the hemopoietic tissue. The fact that macrophages are also master regulators and effectors of innate immunity and inflammation allows them to coordinate hematopoietic response to infections, injuries, and inflammation. After recently reviewing the roles of phagocytes and macrophages in regulating normal and pathologic hematopoietic stem cell niches, we now focus on the key roles of macrophages in regulating erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis. We review herein the recent advances in understanding how macrophages at the center of erythroblastic islands form an erythropoietic niche that controls the terminal differentiation and maturation of erythroblasts into reticulocytes; how red pulp macrophages in the spleen control iron recycling and homeostasis; how these macrophages coordinate emergency erythropoiesis in response to blood loss, infections, and inflammation; and how persistent infections or inflammation can lead to anemia of inflammation via macrophages. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges associated with the molecular characterization of erythroid island macrophages and red pulp macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kavita Bisht
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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8
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Lévesque JP, Summers KM, Millard SM, Bisht K, Winkler IG, Pettit AR. Role of macrophages and phagocytes in orchestrating normal and pathologic hematopoietic niches. Exp Hematol 2021; 100:12-31.e1. [PMID: 34298116 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) contains a mosaic of niches specialized in supporting different maturity stages of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells such as hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid, lymphoid, and erythroid progenitors. Recent advances in BM imaging and conditional gene knockout mice have revealed that niches are a complex network of cells of mesenchymal, endothelial, neuronal, and hematopoietic origins, together with local physicochemical parameters. Within these complex structures, phagocytes, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, all of which are of hematopoietic origin, have been found to be important in regulating several niches in the BM, including hematopoietic stem cell niches, erythropoietic niches, and niches involved in endosteal bone formation. There is also increasing evidence that these macrophages have an important role in adapting hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and bone formation in response to inflammatory stressors and play a key part in maintaining the integrity and function of these. Likewise, there is also accumulating evidence that subsets of monocytes, macrophages, and other phagocytes contribute to the progression and response to treatment of several lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as lymphoblastic leukemia, and may also play a role in myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms associated with Noonan syndrome and aplastic anemia. In this review, the potential functions of macrophages and other phagocytes in normal and pathologic niches are discussed, as are the challenges in studying BM and other tissue-resident macrophages at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kavita Bisht
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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9
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Liu TY, Bartnikowski M, Wu AC, Veitch M, Sokolowski KA, Millard SM, Pettit AR, Glatt V, Evans CH, Wells JW. Healing of sub-critical femoral osteotomies in mice is unaffected by tacrolimus and deletion of recombination activating gene 1. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 41:345-354. [PMID: 33729540 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v041a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of delayed healing or non-union of long bone fractures and segmental defects poses a substantial orthopaedic challenge. There are suggestions in the literature that bone healing may be enhanced by inhibiting the activities of T and B lymphocytes, but this remains controversial. To examine this matter in more detail, sub-critical-sized segmental defects were created in the femora of mice and it was assessed whether there might be a benefit from the administration of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug that blocks T cell activation (tacrolimus). Defects were stabilised using an internal plate. In certain groups of animals, 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg tacrolimus was delivered locally to the defect site for 3 or 7 d using an implanted osmotic pump with a silicon catheter directing drug delivery into the defect area. Healing was monitored by weekly X-ray and assessed at 12 weeks by mechanical testing, µCT and histology. Radiographic and histological evaluations revealed that 100 % of defects healed well regardless of tacrolimus dosage or duration. A comparison of healed C57BL/6 and Rag1-/- femora by µCT and ex vivo torsion testing showed no differences within mouse strains in terms of bone volume, tissue volume, bone volume/tissue volume ratio, shear modulus, torsional rigidity or torsional stiffness. These data failed to support an important role for tacrolimus in modulating the natural healing of segmental defects under those experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J W Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102,
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10
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Kaur S, Sehgal A, Wu AC, Millard SM, Batoon L, Sandrock CJ, Ferrari-Cestari M, Levesque JP, Hume DA, Raggatt LJ, Pettit AR. Stable colony-stimulating factor 1 fusion protein treatment increases hematopoietic stem cell pool and enhances their mobilisation in mice. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:3. [PMID: 33402221 PMCID: PMC7786999 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior chemotherapy and/or underlying morbidity commonly leads to poor mobilisation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation in cancer patients. Increasing the number of available HSC prior to mobilisation is a potential strategy to overcome this deficiency. Resident bone marrow (BM) macrophages are essential for maintenance of niches that support HSC and enable engraftment in transplant recipients. Here we examined potential of donor treatment with modified recombinant colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) to influence the HSC niche and expand the HSC pool for autologous transplantation. Methods We administered an acute treatment regimen of CSF1 Fc fusion protein (CSF1-Fc, daily injection for 4 consecutive days) to naive C57Bl/6 mice. Treatment impacts on macrophage and HSC number, HSC function and overall hematopoiesis were assessed at both the predicted peak drug action and during post-treatment recovery. A serial treatment strategy using CSF1-Fc followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was used to interrogate HSC mobilisation impacts. Outcomes were assessed by in situ imaging and ex vivo standard and imaging flow cytometry with functional validation by colony formation and competitive transplantation assay. Results CSF1-Fc treatment caused a transient expansion of monocyte-macrophage cells within BM and spleen at the expense of BM B lymphopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis. During the recovery phase after cessation of CSF1-Fc treatment, normalisation of hematopoiesis was accompanied by an increase in the total available HSPC pool. Multiple approaches confirmed that CD48−CD150+ HSC do not express the CSF1 receptor, ruling out direct action of CSF1-Fc on these cells. In the spleen, increased HSC was associated with expression of the BM HSC niche macrophage marker CD169 in red pulp macrophages, suggesting elevated spleen engraftment with CD48−CD150+ HSC was secondary to CSF1-Fc macrophage impacts. Competitive transplant assays demonstrated that pre-treatment of donors with CSF1-Fc increased the number and reconstitution potential of HSPC in blood following a HSC mobilising regimen of G-CSF treatment. Conclusion These results indicate that CSF1-Fc conditioning could represent a therapeutic strategy to overcome poor HSC mobilisation and subsequently improve HSC transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranpreet Kaur
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Andy C Wu
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Cheyenne J Sandrock
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Liza J Raggatt
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia.
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11
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Tay J, Bisht K, McGirr C, Millard SM, Pettit AR, Winkler IG, Levesque JP. Imaging flow cytometry reveals that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment causes loss of erythroblastic islands in the mouse bone marrow. Exp Hematol 2020; 82:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Alexander KA, Tseng HW, Fleming W, Jose B, Salga M, Kulina I, Millard SM, Pettit AR, Genêt F, Levesque JP. Inhibition of JAK1/2 Tyrosine Kinases Reduces Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 30899259 PMCID: PMC6417366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHO) are very incapacitating complications of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries (SCI) which manifest as abnormal formation of bone tissue in periarticular muscles. NHO are debilitating as they cause pain, partial or total joint ankylosis and vascular and nerve compression. NHO pathogenesis is unknown and the only effective treatment remains surgical resection, however once resected, NHO can re-occur. To further understand NHO pathogenesis, we developed the first animal model of NHO following SCI in genetically unmodified mice, which mimics most clinical features of NHO in patients. We have previously shown that the combination of (1) a central nervous system lesion (SCI) and (2) muscular damage (via an intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin) is required for NHO development. Furthermore, macrophages within the injured muscle play a critical role in driving NHO pathogenesis. More recently we demonstrated that macrophage-derived oncostatin M (OSM) is a key mediator of both human and mouse NHO. We now report that inflammatory monocytes infiltrate the injured muscles of SCI mice developing NHO at significantly higher levels compared to mice without SCI. Muscle infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils expressed OSM whereas mouse muscle satellite and interstitial cell expressed the OSM receptor (OSMR). In vitro recombinant mouse OSM induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3, a downstream target of OSMR:gp130 signaling in muscle progenitor cells. As STAT3 is tyrosine phosphorylated by JAK1/2 tyrosine kinases downstream of OSMR:gp130, we demonstrated that the JAK1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib blocked OSM driven STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse muscle progenitor cells. We further demonstrated in vivo that STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation was not only significantly higher but persisted for a longer duration in injured muscles of SCI mice developing NHO compared to mice with muscle injury without SCI. Finally, administration of ruxolitinib for 7 days post-surgery significantly reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in injured muscles in vivo as well as NHO volume at all analyzed time-points up to 3 weeks post-surgery. Our results identify the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target to reduce NHO development following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A Alexander
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Whitney Fleming
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Beulah Jose
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Marjorie Salga
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,CIC-IT 1429, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Irina Kulina
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - François Genêt
- CIC-IT 1429, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France.,Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, END:ICAP Inserm U1179, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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13
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Millard SM, Wang L, Wattanachanya L, O'Carroll D, Fields AJ, Pang J, Kazakia G, Lotz JC, Nissenson RA. Role of Osteoblast Gi Signaling in Age-Related Bone Loss in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1715-1726. [PMID: 28407060 PMCID: PMC5460929 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is an important risk factor for fractures in the elderly; it results from an imbalance in bone remodeling mainly due to decreased bone formation. We have previously demonstrated that endogenous G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-driven Gi signaling in osteoblasts (Obs) restrains bone formation in mice during growth. Here, we launched a longitudinal study to test the hypothesis that Gi signaling in Obs restrains bone formation in aging mice, thereby promoting bone loss. Our approach was to block Gi signaling in maturing Obs by the induced expression of the catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin (PTX) after the achievement of peak bone mass. In contrast to the progressive cancellous bone loss seen in aging sex-matched littermate control mice, aging female Col1(2.3)+/PTX+ mice showed an age-related increase in bone volume. Increased bone volume was associated with increased bone formation at both trabecular and endocortical surfaces as well as increased bending strength of the femoral middiaphyses. In contrast, male Col1(2.3)+/PTX+ mice were not protected from age-related bone loss. Our results indicate that Gi signaling markedly restrains bone formation at cancellous and endosteal bone surfaces in female mice during aging. Blockade of the relevant Gi-coupled GPCRs represents an approach for the development of osteoporosis therapies-at least in the long bones of aging women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Millard
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Liping Wang
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | | | - Dylan O'Carroll
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Joyce Pang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Galateia Kazakia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jeffrey C Lotz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Robert A Nissenson
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
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14
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Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands are critical for normal osteoblast formation and function. GPCRs mediate a wide variety of biological processes and are activated by multiple types of extracellular signals, ranging from photons to small molecules to peptides. GPCRs signal through a select number of canonical pathways: the Gs and Gi pathways increase or decrease intracellular cAMP levels, respectively, by acting on adenylate cyclase, while the Gq pathway increases intracellular calcium by activating phospholipase C. In addition, non-canonical GPCR pathways such as β-arrestin activation are important for osteoblast function. Since many cells express multiple GPCRs, and each individual GPCR may activate multiple signaling pathways, the resulting combinatorial signal provides a mechanism for regulating complex biological processes and effector functions. However, the wide variety of GPCRs, the possibility of multiple receptors acting with signaling redundancy, and the possibility of an individual GPCR activating multiple signaling pathways, also pose challenges for elucidating the role of a particular GPCR. Here, we briefly review the roles of Gs and Gi GPCR signaling in osteoblast function. We describe the successful application of a strategy for directly manipulating the Gs and Gi pathways using engineered receptors. These powerful tools will allow further elucidation of the roles of GPCR signaling in specific lineages of osteoblastic cells, as well as in non-osteoblast cells, all of which remain critical areas of active research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S M Millard
- The University of Queensland-Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - R A Nissenson
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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15
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Millard SM, Pettit AR, Ellis R, Chan JKY, Raggatt LJ, Khosrotehrani K, Fisk NM. Intrauterine Bone Marrow Transplantation in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mice Yields Donor Osteoclasts and Osteomacs but Not Osteoblasts. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:682-689. [PMID: 26527386 PMCID: PMC4649292 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) cell therapy is osteoblast replacement In utero transplantation (IUT) of bone marrow was conducted in OI mice Donor-derived osteoblasts were absent following bone marrow IUT Donor-derived hematopoietic cells included osteoclasts and osteal macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Millard
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Allison R Pettit
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ellis
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Liza J Raggatt
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Fisk
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
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16
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Wattanachanya L, Wang L, Millard SM, Lu WD, O'Carroll D, Hsiao EC, Conklin BR, Nissenson RA. Assessing the osteoblast transcriptome in a model of enhanced bone formation due to constitutive Gs-G protein signaling in osteoblasts. Exp Cell Res 2015; 333:289-302. [PMID: 25704759 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in osteoblasts (OBs) is an important regulator of bone formation. We previously described a mouse model expressing Rs1, an engineered constitutively active Gs-coupled GPCR, under the control of the 2.3 kb Col I promoter. These mice showed a dramatic age-dependent increase in trabecular bone of femurs. Here, we further evaluated the effects of enhanced Gs signaling in OBs on intramembranous bone formation by examining calvariae of 1- and 9-week-old Col1(2.3)/Rs1 mice and characterized the in vivo gene expression specifically occurring in osteoblasts with activated Gs G protein-coupled receptor signaling, at the cellular level rather than in a whole bone. Rs1 calvariae displayed a dramatic increase in bone volume with partial loss of cortical structure. By immunohistochemistry, Osterix was detected in cells throughout the inter-trabecular space while Osteocalcin was expressed predominantly in cells along bone surfaces, suggesting the role of paracrine mediators secreted from OBs driven by 2.3 kb Col I promoter could influence early OB commitment, differentiation, and/or proliferation. Gene expression analysis of calvarial OBs revealed that genes affected by Rs1 signaling include those encoding proteins important for cell differentiation, cytokines and growth factors, angiogenesis, coagulation, and energy metabolism. The set of Gs-GPCRs and other GPCRs that may contribute to the observed skeletal phenotype and candidate paracrine mediators of the effect of Gs signaling in OBs were also determined. Our results identify novel detailed in vivo cellular changes of the anabolic response of the skeleton to Gs signaling in mature OBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Wattanachanya
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Liping Wang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Susan M Millard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Wei-Dar Lu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dylan O'Carroll
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Edward C Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Robert A Nissenson
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Raggatt LJ, Wullschleger ME, Alexander KA, Wu ACK, Millard SM, Kaur S, Maugham ML, Gregory LS, Steck R, Pettit AR. Fracture healing via periosteal callus formation requires macrophages for both initiation and progression of early endochondral ossification. Am J Pathol 2014; 184:3192-204. [PMID: 25285719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The distribution, phenotype, and requirement of macrophages for fracture-associated inflammation and/or early anabolic progression during endochondral callus formation were investigated. A murine femoral fracture model [internally fixed using a flexible plate (MouseFix)] was used to facilitate reproducible fracture reduction. IHC demonstrated that inflammatory macrophages (F4/80(+)Mac-2(+)) were localized with initiating chondrification centers and persisted within granulation tissue at the expanding soft callus front. They were also associated with key events during soft-to-hard callus transition. Resident macrophages (F4/80(+)Mac-2(neg)), including osteal macrophages, predominated in the maturing hard callus. Macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis transgenic mice were used to induce macrophage depletion in vivo in the femoral fracture model. Callus formation was completely abolished when macrophage depletion was initiated at the time of surgery and was significantly reduced when depletion was delayed to coincide with initiation of early anabolic phase. Treatment initiating 5 days after fracture with the pro-macrophage cytokine colony stimulating factor-1 significantly enhanced soft callus formation. The data support that inflammatory macrophages were required for initiation of fracture repair, whereas both inflammatory and resident macrophages promoted anabolic mechanisms during endochondral callus formation. Overall, macrophages make substantive and prolonged contributions to fracture healing and can be targeted as a therapeutic approach for enhancing repair mechanisms. Thus, macrophages represent a viable target for the development of pro-anabolic fracture treatments with a potentially broad therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J Raggatt
- Bone and Immunology Laboratory, Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; UQ-Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin E Wullschleger
- Trauma Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie A Alexander
- UQ-Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andy C K Wu
- UQ-Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Bone and Immunology Laboratory, Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Bone and Immunology Laboratory, Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; UQ-Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle L Maugham
- Bone and Immunology Laboratory, Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura S Gregory
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roland Steck
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Bone and Immunology Laboratory, Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; UQ-Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Abankwa D, Millard SM, Martel N, Choong CS, Yang M, Butler LM, Buchanan G, Tilley WD, Ueki N, Hayman MJ, Leong GM. Ski-interacting protein (SKIP) interacts with androgen receptor in the nucleus and modulates androgen-dependent transcription. BMC Biochem 2013; 14:10. [PMID: 23566155 PMCID: PMC3668167 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-14-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-inducible DNA transcription factors, and is the major mediator of male sexual development, prostate growth and the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Cell and gene specific regulation by the AR is determined by availability of and interaction with sets of key accessory cofactors. Ski-interacting protein (SKIP; SNW1, NCOA62) is a cofactor shown to interact with several NRs and a diverse range of other transcription factors. Interestingly, SKIP as part of the spliceosome is thought to link mRNA splicing with transcription. SKIP has not been previously shown to interact with the AR. Results The aim of this study was to investigate whether SKIP interacts with the AR and modulates AR-dependent transcription. Here, we show by co-immunoprecipitation experiments that SKIP is in a complex with the AR. Moreover, SKIP increased 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced N-terminal/C-terminal AR interaction from 12-fold to almost 300-fold in a two-hybrid assay, and enhanced AR ligand-independent AF-1 transactivation. SKIP augmented ligand- and AR-dependent transactivation in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Live-cell imaging revealed a fast (half-time=129 s) translocation of AR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon DHT-stimulation. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments suggest a direct AR-SKIP interaction in the nucleus upon translocation. Conclusions Our results suggest that SKIP interacts with AR in the nucleus and enhances AR-dependent transactivation and N/C-interaction supporting a role for SKIP as an AR co-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abankwa
- University of Queensland, Obesity Research Centre, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St,Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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20
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Millard SM, Louie AM, Wattanachanya L, Wronski TJ, Conklin BR, Nissenson RA. Blockade of receptor-activated G(i) signaling in osteoblasts in vivo leads to site-specific increases in cortical and cancellous bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:822-32. [PMID: 20939063 PMCID: PMC3179326 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts play a critical role in the maintenance of bone mass through bone formation and regulation of bone resorption. Targeted expression of a constitutively active engineered G(i)-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) to osteoblasts in vivo leads to severe osteopenia. However, little is known about the role of endogenous receptor-mediated G(i) signaling in regulating osteoblast function. In this study, we investigated the skeletal effects of blocking G(i)-coupled signaling in osteoblasts in vivo. This was accomplished by transgenic expression of the catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin (PTX) under control of the collagen Iα 2.3-kb promoter. These mice, designated Col1(2.3)(+)/PTX(+), showed increased cortical thickness at the femoral midshaft at 12 weeks of age. This correlated with increased periosteal bone formation associated with expanded mineralizing surface observed in 8-week-old mice of both genders. The cancellous bone phenotype of the Col1(2.3)(+)/PTX(+) mice was sexually dimorphic, with increases in fractional bone volume at the distal femur seen only in females. Similarly, while cancellous bone-formation rates were unchanged in males, they could not be quantified for female Col1(2.3)(+)/PTX(+) mice owing to the disorganized nature of the labeling pattern, which was consistent with rapid formation of woven bone. Alterations in osteoclast activity did not appear to participate in the phenotype. These data demonstrate that G(i)-coupled signaling by GPCRs endogenous to osteoblasts plays a complex role in the regulation of bone formation in a manner that is dependent on both gender and the anatomic site within bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Millard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Hsiao EC, Millard SM, Louie A, Huang Y, Conklin BR, Nissenson RA. Ligand-mediated activation of an engineered gs g protein-coupled receptor in osteoblasts increases trabecular bone formation. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:621-31. [PMID: 20150184 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent changes in skeletal growth play important roles in regulating skeletal expansion and in the course of many diseases affecting bone. How G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling affects these changes is poorly understood. Previously, we described a mouse model expressing Rs1, an engineered receptor with constitutive G(s) activity. Rs1 expression in osteoblasts from gestation induced a dramatic age-dependent increase in trabecular bone with features resembling fibrous dysplasia; however, these changes were greatly minimized if Rs1 expression was delayed until after puberty. To further investigate whether ligand-induced activation of the G(s)-GPCR pathway affects bone formation in adult mice, we activated Rs1 in adult mice with the synthetic ligand RS67333 delivered continuously via an osmotic pump or intermittently by daily injections. We found that osteoblasts from adult animals can be stimulated to form large amounts of bone, indicating that adult mice are sensitive to the dramatic bone- forming actions of G(s) signaling in osteoblasts. In addition, our results show that intermittent and continuous activation of Rs1 led to structurally similar but quantitatively different degrees of trabecular bone formation. These results indicate that activation of a G(s)-coupled receptor in osteoblasts of adult animals by either intermittent or continuous ligand administration can increase trabecular bone formation. In addition, osteoblasts located at the bone epiphyses may be more responsive to G(s) signaling than osteoblasts at the bone diaphysis. This model provides a powerful tool for investigating the effects of ligand-activated G(s)-GPCR signaling on dynamic bone growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Hsiao
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
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Mouchantaf R, Azakir BA, McPherson PS, Millard SM, Wood SA, Angers A. The ubiquitin ligase itch is auto-ubiquitylated in vivo and in vitro but is protected from degradation by interacting with the deubiquitylating enzyme FAM/USP9X. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:38738-47. [PMID: 17038327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605959200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch is a ubiquitin ligase that has been implicated in the regulation of a number of cellular processes. We previously have identified Itch as a binding partner for the endocytic protein Endophilin and found it to be localized to endosomes. Using affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry, we have now identified the ubiquitin-protease FAM/USP9X as a binding partner of Itch. The association between Itch and FAM/USP9X was confirmed in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and in vivo through coimmunoprecipation. Itch and FAM partially colocalize in COS-7 cells at the trans-Golgi network and in peripheral vesicles. We mapped the FAM-binding domain on Itch to the WW domains, a region known to be involved in substrate recognition. However, transient overexpression of FAM/USP9X resulted in the deubiquitylation of Itch. Moreover, we show that Itch auto-ubiquitylation leads to its degradation in the proteasome. By examining the amounts of Itch and FAM in various cell lines and rat tissues, a positive correlation was found in the expression of both proteins. This observation suggests that the levels of FAM expression could have an influence on Itch in cells. Experimental decrease in FAM levels by RNA interference leads to a significant reduction in intracellular levels of endogenous Itch, which can be prevented by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Accordingly, overexpression of FAM/USP9X resulted in a marked increase in endogenous Itch levels. These results demonstrate an intriguing interplay between a ubiquitin ligase and a ubiquitin protease, based on direct interaction between the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Mouchantaf
- Départment de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Abstract
Ubiquitylation is a key regulator of protein trafficking, and much about the functions of ubiquitin ligases, which add ubiquitin to substrates in this regulation, has recently come to light. However, a clear understanding of ubiquitin-dependent protein localization cannot be achieved without knowledge of the role of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). DUBs, by definition, function downstream in ubiquitin pathways and, as such, have the potential to be the final editors of protein ubiquitylation status, thus determining substrate fate. This paper assimilates the current evidence concerning the substrates and activities of DUBs that regulate protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Millard
- Child Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
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Richter JP, Sommers DK, Snyman JR, Millard SM. The acute effects of amiloride and potassium canrenoate on digoxin-induced positive inotropism in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 45:195-6. [PMID: 8223845 DOI: 10.1007/bf00315506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Millard SM. Maintaining control of the Alzheimer's unit. Nurs Homes Sr Citiz Care 1989; 38:13-6. [PMID: 10318340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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