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Fritz M, Körsten S, Chen X, Yang G, Lv Y, Liu M, Wehner S, Fischer CB. Time-Dependent Size and Shape Evolution of Gold and Europium Nanoparticles from a Bioproducing Microorganism, a Cyanobacterium: A Digitally Supported High-Resolution Image Analysis. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:130. [PMID: 36616040 PMCID: PMC9824745 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the particle size distributions (PSDs) and shape analysis of in vivo bioproduced particles from aqueous Au3+ and Eu3+ solutions by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. are examined in detail at the nanoscale. Generally, biosynthesis is affected by numerous parameters. Therefore, it is challenging to find the key set points for generating tailored nanoparticles (NPs). PSDs and shape analysis of the Au and Eu-NPs were performed with ImageJ using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images. As the HR-TEM image analysis reflects only a fraction of the detected NPs within the cells, additional PSDs of the complete cell were performed to determine the NP count and to evaluate the different accuracies. Furthermore, local PSDs were carried out at five randomly selected locations within a single cell to identify local hotspots or agglomerations. The PSDs show that particle size depends mainly on contact time, while the particle shape is hardly affected. The particles formed are distributed quite evenly within the cells. HR-PSDs for Au-NPs show an average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of 8.4 nm (24 h) and 7.2 nm (51 h). In contrast, Eu-NPs preferably exhibit an average ECD of 10.6 nm (10 h) and 12.3 nm (244 h). Au-NPs are classified predominantly as "very round" with an average reciprocal aspect ratio (RAR) of ~0.9 and a Feret major axis ratio (FMR) of ~1.17. Eu-NPs mainly belong to the "rounded" class with a smaller RAR of ~0.6 and a FMR of ~1.3. These results show that an increase in contact time is not accompanied by an average particle growth for Au-NPs, but by a doubling of the particle number. Anabaena sp. is capable of biosorbing and bioreducing dissolved Au3+ and Eu3+ ions from aqueous solutions, generating nano-sized Au and Eu particles, respectively. Therefore, it is a low-cost, non-toxic and effective candidate for a rapid recovery of these sought-after metals via the bioproduction of NPs with defined sizes and shapes, providing a high potential for scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Fritz
- Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Susanne Körsten
- Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Stefan Wehner
- Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Christian B. Fischer
- Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-Engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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Fritz M, Körsten S, Chen X, Yang G, Lv Y, Liu M, Wehner S, Fischer CB. High-resolution particle size and shape analysis of the first Samarium nanoparticles biosynthesized from aqueous solutions via cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindrica. NanoImpact 2022; 26:100398. [PMID: 35560296 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Samarium (Sm) is one of the most sought-after rare earth metals. Price trends and dwindling resources are making recovery increasingly attractive. In this context, the use of cyanobacteria is highly promising. For Sm it was unclear whether Anabaena cylindrica produces particles through metabolically active Sm3+ uptake. High-resolution (HR) imaging now clearly demonstrates microbe generated biosynthesis of Sm nano-sized particles (Sm NPs) in vivo. Furthermore, a simple method to determine particle size and shape with high accuracy is presented. Digital image analysis with ImageJ of HR-TEMs is used to characterize Sm NPs revealing a nearly uniform local size distribution. Assuming round particles, the overall average area size is 135.5 nm2, resp. 11.9 nm diameter. In HR, where different cell sections of the same cell are averaged, the mean particle is smaller, 76.7 nm2 resp. 8.9 nm diameter. The reciprocal aspect ratio is 0.63. The Feret major axis ratio is calculated as shape factor, with 35% of the particles between 1.2 and 1.4. A roundness classification shows that 38% of particles are fairly round and 41% are very round. Consequently, A. cylindrica represents a suitable microorganism for possible Sm recovery and biosynthesis of roundish nano-sized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Fritz
- Department of Physics, Institute of Integrated Naturals Sciences and Mathematics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Susanne Körsten
- Department of Physics, Institute of Integrated Naturals Sciences and Mathematics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Stefan Wehner
- Department of Physics, Institute of Integrated Naturals Sciences and Mathematics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Christian B Fischer
- Department of Physics, Institute of Integrated Naturals Sciences and Mathematics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany; Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco.
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Fischer CB, Körsten S, Rösken LM, Cappel F, Beresko C, Ankerhold G, Schönleber A, Geimer S, Ecker D, Wehner S. Cyanobacterial promoted enrichment of rare earth elements europium, samarium and neodymium and intracellular europium particle formation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32581-32593. [PMID: 35529743 PMCID: PMC9073238 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recovery of rare earth elements (REE) microbial biosorption has shown its theoretical ability as an extremely economically and environmentally friendly production method in the last few years. To evaluate the ability of two cyanobacterial strains, namely Anabaena spec. and Anabaena cylindrica to enrich dissolved trivalent REE, a simple protocol was followed. The REE tested in this study include some of the most prominent representatives, such as europium (Eu), samarium (Sm) and neodymium (Nd). Within the experiments, a fast decrease of the REE3+ concentration in solution was tracked by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It revealed an almost complete (>99%) biosorption of REE3+ within the first hour after the addition of metal salts. REE3+ uptake by biomass was checked using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and showed that all three selected REE3+ species were enriched in the cyanobacterial biomass and the process is assigned to a biosorption process. Although the biomass stayed alive during the experiments, up to that, a distinction whether the REE3+ was intra- or extracellularly sorbed was not possible, since biosorption is a metabolism independent process which occurs on living as well as non-living biomass. For europium it was shown by TEM that electron dense particles, presumably europium particles with particle sizes of about 15 nm, are located inside the vegetative cyanobacterial cells. This gave clear evidence that Eu3+ was actively sorbed by living cyanobacteria. Eu3+ biosorption by cell wall precipitation due to interaction with extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) could therefore be excluded. Finally, with XRD analysis it was shown that the detected europium particles had an amorphous instead of a crystalline structure. Herein, we present a fast biosorptive enrichment of the rare earth elements europium, samarium and neodymium by Anabaena spec. and Anabaena cylindrica and for the first time the subsequent formation of intracellular europium particles by Anabaena spec. Efficient biosorption and intracellular accumulation of selected rare earth elements from aqueous solutions by cyanobacteria type Anabaena.![]()
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Rösken LM, Cappel F, Körsten S, Fischer CB, Schönleber A, van Smaalen S, Geimer S, Beresko C, Ankerhold G, Wehner S. Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au(0)-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2016; 7:312-27. [PMID: 27335727 PMCID: PMC4901539 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles as needed in catalysis has shown its theoretical ability as an extremely environmentally friendly production method in the last few years, even though the separation of the nanoparticles is challenging. Biosynthesis, summing up biosorption and bioreduction of diluted metal ions to zero valent metals, is especially ecofriendly, when the bioreactor itself is harmless and needs no further harmful reagents. The cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica (SAG 1403.2) is able to form crystalline Au(0)-nanoparticles from Au(3+) ions and does not release toxic anatoxin-a. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are applied to monitor the time-dependent development of gold nanoparticles for up to 40 hours. Some vegetative cells (VC) are filled with nanoparticles within minutes, while the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of vegetative cells and the heterocyst polysaccharide layer (HEP) are the regions, where the first nanoparticles are detected on most other cells. The uptake of gold starts immediately after incubation and within four hours the average size remains constant around 10 nm. Analyzing the TEM images with an image processing program reveals a wide distribution for the diameter of the nanoparticles at all times and in all regions of the cyanobacteria. Finally, the nanoparticle concentration in vegetative cells of Anabaena cylindrica is about 50% higher than in heterocysts (HC). These nanoparticles are found to be located along the thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz M Rösken
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abteilung Physik, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Felix Cappel
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abteilung Physik, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Susanne Körsten
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abteilung Physik, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Christian B Fischer
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abteilung Physik, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönleber
- Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl für Kristallographie, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sander van Smaalen
- Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl für Kristallographie, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Universität Bayreuth, Zellbiologie / Elektronenmikroskopie, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Beresko
- Hochschule Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus Remagen, Optics and Laser Engineering, 53424 Remagen, Germany
| | - Georg Ankerhold
- Hochschule Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus Remagen, Optics and Laser Engineering, 53424 Remagen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wehner
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abteilung Physik, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
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Körsten S, Mohr GJ. Star-Shaped Tripodal Chemosensors for the Detection of Aliphatic Amines. Chemistry 2010; 17:969-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dubnack K, Körsten S, Kreisel G, Frank T. Mikroreaktoren aus Glas für die Anwendung im Labor. Glass Microreactors for Laboratory Application. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Doussineau T, Schulz A, Lapresta-Fernandez A, Moro A, Körsten S, Trupp S, Mohr G. On the Design of Fluorescent Ratiometric Nanosensors. Chemistry 2010; 16:10290-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Moro AJ, Cywinski PJ, Körsten S, Mohr GJ. An ATP fluorescent chemosensor based on a Zn(II)-complexed dipicolylamine receptor coupled with a naphthalimide chromophore. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:1085-7. [PMID: 20126721 DOI: 10.1039/b919661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent naphthalimide chemosensor for ATP bearing a dipicolylamine group complexed with a Zn(II) metal as a receptor moiety was synthesized and its sensing properties regarding ATP and other related phosphate species were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur J Moro
- Institute of Physical Chemistry-Friedrich-Schiller University, Lessingstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Kralisch D, Stark A, Körsten S, Kreisel G, Ondruschka B. Konsequente Umsetzung„Grüner Chemie” durch reaktionsbegleitende Bilanzierung und Bewertung von Synthesewegen ionischer Flüssigkeiten. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200490222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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