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Fritz M, Körsten S, Chen X, Yang G, Lv Y, Liu M, Wehner S, Fischer CB. Time-Dependent Size and Shape Evolution of Gold and Europium Nanoparticles from a Bioproducing Microorganism, a Cyanobacterium: A Digitally Supported High-Resolution Image Analysis. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:130. [PMID: 36616040 PMCID: PMC9824745 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the particle size distributions (PSDs) and shape analysis of in vivo bioproduced particles from aqueous Au3+ and Eu3+ solutions by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. are examined in detail at the nanoscale. Generally, biosynthesis is affected by numerous parameters. Therefore, it is challenging to find the key set points for generating tailored nanoparticles (NPs). PSDs and shape analysis of the Au and Eu-NPs were performed with ImageJ using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images. As the HR-TEM image analysis reflects only a fraction of the detected NPs within the cells, additional PSDs of the complete cell were performed to determine the NP count and to evaluate the different accuracies. Furthermore, local PSDs were carried out at five randomly selected locations within a single cell to identify local hotspots or agglomerations. The PSDs show that particle size depends mainly on contact time, while the particle shape is hardly affected. The particles formed are distributed quite evenly within the cells. HR-PSDs for Au-NPs show an average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of 8.4 nm (24 h) and 7.2 nm (51 h). In contrast, Eu-NPs preferably exhibit an average ECD of 10.6 nm (10 h) and 12.3 nm (244 h). Au-NPs are classified predominantly as "very round" with an average reciprocal aspect ratio (RAR) of ~0.9 and a Feret major axis ratio (FMR) of ~1.17. Eu-NPs mainly belong to the "rounded" class with a smaller RAR of ~0.6 and a FMR of ~1.3. These results show that an increase in contact time is not accompanied by an average particle growth for Au-NPs, but by a doubling of the particle number. Anabaena sp. is capable of biosorbing and bioreducing dissolved Au3+ and Eu3+ ions from aqueous solutions, generating nano-sized Au and Eu particles, respectively. Therefore, it is a low-cost, non-toxic and effective candidate for a rapid recovery of these sought-after metals via the bioproduction of NPs with defined sizes and shapes, providing a high potential for scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Fritz
- Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Susanne Körsten
- Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Stefan Wehner
- Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Christian B. Fischer
- Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-Engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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Mansour Y, Battie Y, En Naciri A, Chaoui N. Determination of the Size Distribution of Metallic Colloids from Extinction Spectroscopy. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2872. [PMID: 34835637 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the ability of extinction spectroscopy to characterize colloidal suspensions of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). We demonstrate that the Au NPs' size distribution can be deduced by analyzing their extinction spectra using Mie theory. Our procedure, based on the non-negative least square algorithm, takes advantage of the high sensitivity of the plasmon band to the Au NP size. In addition, this procedure does not require any a priori information on the Au NP size distribution. The Au NPs' size distribution of monomodal or bimodal suspensions can be satisfactorily determined from their extinction spectra. Finally, we show that this characterization tool is compatible with in situ measurement and allows following the change in NPs' radii during laser exposure.
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Qian H. Major Factors Influencing the Size Distribution Analysis of Cellulose Nanocrystals Imaged in Transmission Electron Microscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3318. [PMID: 34641134 PMCID: PMC8513063 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Size distributions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from softwood pulp via strong sulfuric acid hydrolysis, exhibit large variability when analyzed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. In this article, the causes of this variability are studied and discussed. In order to obtain results comparable with those reported, a reference material of CNCs (CNCD-1) was used to evaluate size distribution. CNC TEM specimens were prepared as-stained and dried with a rapid-flushing staining method or hydrated and embedded in vitreous ice with the plunge-freezing method. Several sets of bright-field TEM (BF-TEM), annular dark-field scanning TEM (ADF-STEM) and cryogenic-TEM (cryo-TEM) images were acquired for size distribution analysis to study the contributing factors. The rapid-flushing staining method was found to be the most effective for contrast enhancement of CNCs, not only revealing the helical structure of single CNCs but also resolving the laterally jointed CNCs. During TEM specimen preparation, CNCs were fractionated on TEM grids driven by the coffee-ring effect, as observed from contrast variation of CNCs with a stain-depth gradient. From the edge to the center of the TEM grids, the width of CNCs increases, while the aspect ratio (length to width) decreases. This fractionated dispersion of CNCs suggests that images taken near the center of a droplet would give a larger mean width. In addition to particle fractionation driven by the coffee-ring effect, the arrangement and orientation of CNC particles on the substrate significantly affect the size measurement when CNC aggregation cannot be resolved in images. The coexistence of asymmetric cross-section CNC particles introduces a large variation in size measurement, as TEM images of CNCs are mixed projections of the width and height of particles. As a demonstration of how this contributes to inflated size measurement, twisted CNC particles, rectangular cross-section particles and end-to-end jointed CNCs were revealed in reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) micrographs by electron tomography (ET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
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Caputo F, Mehn D, Clogston JD, Rösslein M, Prina-Mello A, Borgos SE, Gioria S, Calzolai L. Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation for measuring particle size, drug loading and (in)stability of nanopharmaceuticals. The joint view of European Union Nanomedicine Characterization Laboratory and National Cancer Institute - Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461767. [PMID: 33310281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) has been recognized as an invaluable tool for the characterisation of particle size, polydispersity, drug loading and stability of nanopharmaceuticals. However, the application of robust and high quality standard operating procedures (SOPs) is critical for accurate measurements, especially as these complex drug nanoformulations are most often inherently polydisperse. In this review we describe a unique international collaboration that lead to the development of a robust SOP for the measurement of physical-chemical properties of nanopharmaceuticals by multi-detector AF4 (MD-AF4) involving two state of the art infrastructures in the field of nanomedicine, the European Union Nanomedicine Characterization Laboratory (EUNCL) and the National Cancer Institute-Nanotechnology Characterisation Laboratory (NCI-NCL). We present examples of how MD-AF4 has been used for the analysis of key quality attributes, such as particle size, shape, drug loading and stability of complex nanomedicine formulations. The results highlight that MD-AF4 is a very versatile analytical technique to obtain critical information on a material particle size distribution, polydispersity and qualitative information on drug loading. The ability to conduct analysis in complex physiological matrices is an additional very important advantage of MD-AF4 over many other analytical techniques used in the field for stability studies. Overall, the joint NCI-NCL/EUNCL experience demonstrates the ability to implement a powerful and highly complex analytical technique such as MD-AF4 to the demanding quality standards set by the regulatory authorities for the pre-clinical safety characterization of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - D Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - J D Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory (NCL), Cancer Research, Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M Rösslein
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Research and Testing, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - A Prina-Mello
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S E Borgos
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S Gioria
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - L Calzolai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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Hamedi S, Shojaosadati SA, Shokrollahzadeh S, Hashemi-Najafabadi S. Mechanism study of silver nanoparticle production using Neurospora intermedia. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:157-163. [PMID: 28476998 PMCID: PMC8676162 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis is necessary to control nanoparticle size, shape, and monodispersity. In this study, the mechanism of AgNP formation by Neurospora intermedia was investigated. The higher production rate of AgNP formation using a culture supernatant heat-treated at 100° and 121°C relative to that with an un-treated culture supernatant indicated that the native form of the molecular species is not essential. The effect of the protein molecular weight (MW) on the nanoparticle size distribution and average size was studied by means of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Using un-treated and concentrated cell-free filtrate passed through 10 and 20 kDa cut-off filters led to the production of AgNPs with average sizes of 25, 30, and 34 nm, respectively. Also, using the permeate fraction of cell-free filtrate passed through a 100 kDa cut-off filter led to the formation of the smallest nanoparticles with the narrowest size distribution (average size of 16 nm and polydispersity index of 0.18). Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the fungal extracellular proteins showed two notable bands with the MWs of 15 and 23 kDa that are involved in the reduction and stabilisation of the nanoparticles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Hamedi
- Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box: 47815-168, Zirab Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box: 15815-3538, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameereh Hashemi-Najafabadi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114, Tehran, Iran
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