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Georgieva I, Stoyanova A, Angelova S, Korsun N, Stoitsova S, Nikolaeva-Glomb L. Rhinovirus Genotypes Circulating in Bulgaria, 2018-2021. Viruses 2023; 15:1608. [PMID: 37515294 PMCID: PMC10385483 DOI: 10.3390/v15071608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RV) are one of the most common causative agents of respiratory infections, with significant socioeconomic impact. RV infections are not notifiable in Bulgaria, and little is known about the different RV genotypes circulating in the country. This study aims to investigate the diversity of RV genotypes that were circulating in Bulgaria in the period 2018-2021 in samples from ILI/ARI patients. Genotype assignment was based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5' untranslated region and the VP4-VP2 region. Out of a total of 1385 nasopharyngeal swabs tested, 166 were RV-positive (RV detection rate: 11.99% (166/1385)). Those with a cycle threshold <25 were selected for genotyping (n = 63). RV isolates were successfully genotyped and classified into 34 genotypes within Rhinovirus A (RV-A), Rhinovirus B (RV-B) and Rhinovirus C (RV-C) species. Presumptive recombination events between the 5'UTR and VP4-VP2 regions were detected in three of the isolates. RV-A and RV-C were the prevalent RV species, with significantly more frequent detections of RV-A in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the post-pandemic period, when RV-C prevailed. The present study is the first to determine RV genotypes in Bulgaria and the circulation of RV-C has been described for the first time in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Georgieva
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Asya Stoyanova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Angelova
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital "Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich" AD, 6003 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Neli Korsun
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Savina Stoitsova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Trifonova I, Christova I, Madzharova I, Angelova S, Voleva S, Yordanova R, Tcherveniakova T, Krumova S, Korsun N. Clinical significance and role of coinfections with respiratory pathogens among individuals with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. Front Public Health 2022; 10:959319. [PMID: 36117597 PMCID: PMC9479447 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine the prevalence, viral profile, and clinical features of coinfections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses. Methods Nasopharyngeal samples and clinical data of 221 hospitalized patients and 21 outpatients were collected and analyzed. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1,2,3, rhinovirus (RV), adenovirus (AdV), bocaviruses (BoV), and seasonal coronaviruses (OC43, 229E, NL63, and HKU1). Viral load was determined by capillary electrophoresis. Results From November 2020 to mid-March 2022, 242 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were tested for seasonal respiratory viruses, and 24 (9.9%) cases of coinfections were detected. The distribution of viruses involved in cases of coinfections were as follows: HMPV (n = 6; 25%), RSV (n = 4;16.7%), AdV (n = 4; 16.7%), BoV (n = 4; 16.7%), PIV3 (n = 2; 8.3%), influenza A (H3N2; n = 2; 8.3%), RV (n = 1; 4.62%), and RV+BoV (n = 1; 4.62%). The proportion of detected coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 was highest in children aged 0-5 years (59%), followed by those >65 years (33%). In specimens with detected coinfection, the viral load of influenza was higher than that of SARS-CoV-2, and the mean viral load of SARS-CoV-2 was higher than that of the other respiratory viruses. C-reactive protein (CRP) and lymphocytes count in co-infected patients >65 years of age were on average higher than in children <16 years of age (mean CRP of 161.8 ± 133.1 mg/L; 19.7 ± 3.09% vs. mean 6.9 ± 8.9 mg/L, 0.9 ± 3.1%; p < 0.01). Patients >65 years of age co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses had longer hospital stays than those <16 years of age (mean 9 ± 3.96 days vs. 5.44 ± 1.89 days; p = 0.025). The combination of AdV and SARS-CoV-2 is fatal for patients aged >65 years. Conclusion In patients aged >65 years, coinfection with SARS CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, together with concomitant diseases, causes worsening of the clinical picture and complications, and can be fatal. Screening of patients with SARS CoV-2 for other respiratory viruses is needed to select appropriate treatments and prevent a fatal outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelina Trifonova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Christova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iveta Madzharova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Angelova
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich”, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Silvya Voleva
- Clinic for Neuro Infections, Airborne, Roof, and Transmissible Infections, Infectious Hospital “Prof. Ivan Kirov”, Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ralitsa Yordanova
- Clinic for Neuro Infections, Airborne, Roof, and Transmissible Infections, Infectious Hospital “Prof. Ivan Kirov”, Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatiana Tcherveniakova
- Clinic for Neuro Infections, Airborne, Roof, and Transmissible Infections, Infectious Hospital “Prof. Ivan Kirov”, Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefka Krumova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Pekova L, Gulubova M, Hadzhi M, Mitev M, Angelova S. A case of Covid-19-associated invasive pulmonary mucormycosis in a pediatric patient with a newly diagnosed diabetes. Respir Med Case Rep 2022; 37:101655. [PMID: 35494551 PMCID: PMC9040516 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Pekova
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Corresponding author. Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeyska Str., 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
| | - M. Gulubova
- Dept. of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - M. Hadzhi
- Dept. of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - M. Mitev
- Dept. of Imaging Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - S. Angelova
- Dept. of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Korsun N, Trifonova I, Voleva S, Grigorova I, Angelova S. Genetic characterisation of the influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2019-2020 winter season. Virus Genes 2021; 57:401-412. [PMID: 34156583 PMCID: PMC8217981 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses have a high potential for genetic changes. The objectives of this study were to analyse influenza virus circulation in Bulgaria during the 2019/2020 season, to perform a phylogenetic and molecular analyses of the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences of representative influenza strains, and to identify amino acid substitutions compared to the current vaccine strains. Seasonal influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage were detected using a real-time RT-PCR in 323 (23.3%), 149 (10.7%) and 138 (9.9%) out of 1387 patient samples studied, respectively. The HA genes of A(H3N2) viruses analysed belonged to clades 3C.3a (21 strains) and 3C.2a (5 strains): subclades 3C.2a1b + T131K, 3C.2a1b + T135K-B and 3C.2a1b + T135K-A. The clade 3C.3a and subclade 3C.2a1b viruses carried 5 and 14-17 substitutions in HA, as well as 3 and 9 substitutions in NA, respectively, in comparison with the A/Kansas/14/2017 vaccine virus, including some substitutions in the HA antigenic sites A, B, C and E. All 21 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses sequenced fell into 6B.1A5A subclade. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7-11 substitutions in HA, compared to the A/Brisbane/02/2018 vaccine virus, three of which occurred in antigenic site Sb, along with 6-9 changes at positions in NA. All 10 B/Victoria-lineage viruses sequenced belonged to clade 1A with a triple deletion in HA1 (genetic group 1A(Δ3)B) and carried 7 and 3 substitutions in HA and NA, respectively, with respect to the B/Colorado/06/2017 vaccine virus. The results of this study confirm the rapid evolution of influenza viruses and the need for continuous antigenic and genetic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- Department of Virology, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- Department of Virology, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Voleva
- Department of Virology, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyana Grigorova
- Department of Virology, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Angelova
- Department of Virology, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Korsun N, Angelova S, Trifonova I, Voleva S, Grigorova I, Tzotcheva I, Mileva S, Alexiev I, Perenovska P. Predominance of ON1 and BA9 genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Bulgaria, 2016-2018. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3401-3411. [PMID: 32779756 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in Bulgaria, to characterize the genetic diversity of the RSV strains, and to perform amino acid sequence analysis of the RSV G protein. Clinical, epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected from children aged less than 5 years presenting with acute respiratory infections from October 2016 to September 2018. Real-time polymerase chain reaction for 12 respiratory viruses, and sequencing, phylogenetic, and amino acid analyses of the RSV G gene/protein were performed. Of the 875 children examined, 645 (73.7%) were positive for at least one viral respiratory pathogen. RSV was the most commonly detected virus (26.2%), followed by rhinoviruses (15%), influenza A (H3N2) (9.7%), adenoviruses (9%), bocaviruses (7.2%), human metapneumovirus (6.1%), parainfluenza viruses 1/2/3 (5.8%), influenza type B (5.5%), and A(H1N1)pdm09 (3.4%). The detection rate for RSV varied across two winter seasons (36.7% vs 20.3%). RSV-B cases outnumbered those of the RSV-A throughout the study period. RSV was the most common virus detected in patients with bronchiolitis (45.1%) and pneumonia (24%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the sequenced RSV-A strains belonged to the ON1 genotype and the RSV-B strains were classified as BA9 genotype. Amino acid substitutions at 15 and 22 positions of the HVR-2 were identified compared with the ON1 and BA prototype strains, respectively. This study revealed the leading role of RSV as a causative agent of serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, year-on-year fluctuations in RSV incidence, the dominance of RSV-B, and relatively low genetic diversity in the circulating RSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Angelova
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Voleva
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana Grigorova
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iren Tzotcheva
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sirma Mileva
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Alexiev
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Penka Perenovska
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Korsun N, Daniels R, Angelova S, Ermetal B, Grigorova I, Voleva S, Trifonova I, Kurchatova A, McCauley J. Genetic diversity of influenza A viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2018-2019 winter season. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:986-998. [PMID: 32459617 PMCID: PMC7481746 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza viruses evolve rapidly and change their antigenic characteristics, necessitating biannual updates of flu vaccines. Aim The aim of this study was to characterize influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2018/2019 season and to identify amino acid substitutions in them that might impact vaccine effectiveness. Methodology Typing/subtyping of influenza viruses were performed using real-time Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and results of phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analyses of influenza strains are presented. Results A(H1N1)pdm09 (66 %) predominated over A(H3N2) (34 %) viruses, with undetected circulation of B viruses in the 2018/2019 season. All A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses studied fell into the recently designated 6B.1A subclade with over 50 % falling in four subgroups: 6B.1A2, 6B.1A5, 6B.1A6 and 6B.1A7. Analysed A(H3N2) viruses belonged to subclades 3C.2a1b and 3C.2a2. Amino acid sequence analysis of 36 A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates revealed the presence of six–ten substitutions in haemagglutinin (HA), compared to the A/Michigan/45/2015 vaccine virus, three of which occurred in antigenic sites Sa and Cb, together with four–nine changes at positions in neuraminidase (NA), and a number of substitutions in internal proteins. HA1 D222N substitution, associated with increased virulence, was identified in two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Despite the presence of several amino acid substitutions, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses remained antigenically similar to the vaccine virus. The 28 A(H3N2) viruses characterized carried substitutions in HA, including some in antigenic sites A, B, C and E, in NA and internal protein sequences. Conclusion The results of this study showed the genetic diversity of circulating influenza viruses and the need for continuous antigenic and molecular surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rodney Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Svetla Angelova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Burcu Ermetal
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Iliyana Grigorova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Voleva
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Kurchatova
- Department of Epidemiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Prasai K, Jiang J, Mishkin A, Shyam B, Angelova S, Birney R, Drabold DA, Fazio M, Gustafson EK, Harry G, Hoback S, Hough J, Lévesque C, MacLaren I, Markosyan A, Martin IW, Menoni CS, Murray PG, Penn S, Reid S, Robie R, Rowan S, Schiettekatte F, Shink R, Turner A, Vajente G, Cheng HP, Fejer MM, Mehta A, Bassiri R. High Precision Detection of Change in Intermediate Range Order of Amorphous Zirconia-Doped Tantala Thin Films Due to Annealing. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:045501. [PMID: 31491265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.045501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the local atomic order in amorphous thin film coatings and how it relates to macroscopic performance factors, such as mechanical loss, provides an important path towards enabling the accelerated discovery and development of improved coatings. High precision x-ray scattering measurements of thin films of amorphous zirconia-doped tantala (ZrO_{2}-Ta_{2}O_{5}) show systematic changes in intermediate range order (IRO) as a function of postdeposition heat treatment (annealing). Atomic modeling captures and explains these changes, and shows that the material has building blocks of metal-centered polyhedra and the effect of annealing is to alter the connections between the polyhedra. The observed changes in IRO are associated with a shift in the ratio of corner-sharing to edge-sharing polyhedra. These changes correlate with changes in mechanical loss upon annealing, and suggest that the mechanical loss can be reduced by developing a material with a designed ratio of corner-sharing to edge-sharing polyhedra.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prasai
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Mishkin
- Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Shyam
- University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA
| | - S Angelova
- SUPA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - R Birney
- SUPA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - D A Drabold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M Fazio
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Harry
- Department of Physics, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - S Hoback
- Department of Physics, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Lévesque
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - I MacLaren
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Markosyan
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C S Menoni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Penn
- Department of Physics, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - R Robie
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Schiettekatte
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - R Shink
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - A Turner
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Vajente
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H-P Cheng
- Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Mehta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Korsun N, Angelova S, Trifonova I, Georgieva I, Voleva S, Tzotcheva I, Mileva S, Ivanov I, Tcherveniakova T, Perenovska P. Viral pathogens associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years of age in Bulgaria. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:117-125. [PMID: 30637646 PMCID: PMC6863252 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and hospital admissions in children. This study aimed to determine the viral etiology of these infections in children aged < 5 years during three successive epidemic seasons in Bulgaria. Nasopharyngeal and throat specimens were collected from children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia during the 2015/2016, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018 seasons. The viral etiology was determined by individual real-time PCR assays against 11 respiratory viruses. Of the 515 children examined, 402 (78.1%) were positive for at least one virus. Co-infections with two and three viruses were found in 64 (15.9%) of the infected children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the predominant pathogen (37.5%), followed by rhinoviruses (13.8%), metapneumovirus (9.1%), adenoviruses (7%), bocaviruses (7%), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (4.9%), A(H3N2) (4.3%), type B (4.1%), and parainfluenza viruses 1/2/3 (2.9%). RSV-B were more prevalent than RSV-A during the three seasons. At least one respiratory virus was identified in 82.6% and 70.1% of the children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia, respectively. Respiratory viruses, especially RSV, are principal pathogens of ALRIs in children aged < 5 years. Diagnostic testing for respiratory viruses using molecular methods may lead to the reduced use of antibiotics and may assist in measures to control infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetla Angelova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Voleva
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iren Tzotcheva
- Medical University, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Pediatric Clinic, 1 St. Georgi Sofiiski, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sirma Mileva
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical University, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Pediatric Clinic, 1 St. Georgi Sofiiski, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Infectious Hospital Prof. Ivan Kirov, 17 Akademik Ivan E. Geshov, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Penka Perenovska
- Medical University, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Pediatric Clinic, 1 St. Georgi Sofiiski, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Raikova R, Celichowski J, Angelova S, Krutki P. A model of the rat medial gastrocnemius muscle based on inputs to motoneurons and on an algorithm for prediction of the motor unit force. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1973-1987. [PMID: 30020845 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00041.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscle force is the sum of forces of multiple motor units (MUs), which have different contractile properties. During movements, MUs develop unfused tetani, which result from summation of twitch-shape responses to individual stimuli, which are variable in amplitude and duration. The aim of the study was to develop a realistic muscle model that would integrate previously developed models of MU contractions and an algorithm for the prediction of tetanic forces. The proposed model of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle is based on physiological data: excitability and firing frequencies of motoneurons, contractile properties, and the number and proportion of MUs in the muscle. The MU twitches were modeled by a six-parameter analytical function. The excitability of motoneurons was modeled according to a distribution of their rheobase currents measured experimentally. Processes of muscle force regulation were modeled according to a common drive hypothesis. The excitation signal to motoneurons was modeled by two form types: triangular and trapezoid. The discharge frequencies of MUs, calculated individually for each MU, corresponded to those recorded for rhythmic firing of motoneurons. The force of the muscle was calculated as the sum of all recruited MUs. Participation of the three types of MUs in the developed muscle force was presented at different levels of the excitation signal to motoneurons. The model appears highly realistic and open for input data from various skeletal muscles with different compositions of MU types. The results were compared with three other models with different distribution of the input parameters. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The proposed mathematical model of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle is highly realistic because it is based strictly on experimentally determined motor unit contractile parameters and motoneuron properties. It contains the actual number and proportion of motor units and takes into consideration their different contributions to the whole muscle force, depending on the level of the excitation signal. The model is open for input data from other muscles, and additional physiological parameters can also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - J Celichowski
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education , Poland
| | - S Angelova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - P Krutki
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education , Poland
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Korsun N, Angelova S, Trifonova I, Tzotcheva I, Mileva S, Voleva S, Georgieva I, Perenovska P. Predominance of influenza A(H3N2) viruses during the 2016/2017 season in Bulgaria. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:228-239. [PMID: 29297852 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Influenza viruses are characterised by high variability, which makes them able to cause annual epidemics. The aim of this study is to determine the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2016/2017 season. METHODOLOGY The detection and typing/subtyping of influenza viruses were performed using real time RT-PCR. Results of antigenic characterisation, phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analyses of representative influenza strains are presented herein. RESULTS The 2016/2017 season was characterised by an early start, an exclusive dominance of A(H3N2) viruses accounting for 93 % of total influenza virus detections, and a low circulation of A(H1N1)pdm09 (4.2 %) and type B (2.5 %) viruses. The analysed A(H3N2) viruses belonged to subclades 3C.2a (52 %) and 3C.2a1 (48 %); all studied A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage viruses belonged to subclades 6B.1 and 1A, respectively. The amino acid sequence analysis of 56 A(H3N2) isolates revealed the presence of substitutions in 18 positions in haemagglutinin (HA) as compared to the A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 vaccine virus, seven of which occurred in four antigenic sites, together with changes in 23 positions in neuraminidase (NA), and a number of substitutions in internal proteins PB2, PB1, PB1-F2, PA, NP and NS1. Despite the many amino acid substitutions, A(H3N2) viruses remained antigenically similar to the vaccine strain. Substitutions in HA and NA sequences of A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage strains were also identified, including in antigenic sites. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirm the genetic variability of circulating influenza viruses, particularly A(H3N2), and the need for continued antigenic and molecular surveillance.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Bulgaria/epidemiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Epidemiological Monitoring
- Evolution, Molecular
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Genome, Viral
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/classification
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Seasons
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Angelova
- National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iren Tzotcheva
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, 1"Sv. Georgi Sofiiski" Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sirma Mileva
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, 1"Sv. Georgi Sofiiski" Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Voleva
- National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Penka Perenovska
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, 1"Sv. Georgi Sofiiski" Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Mitova Y, Angelova S, Doicheva V, Donkov G, Mincheva T. Clinical and Etiological Structure of Nosocomial Infections in Bulgaria for the Period 2011-2016. Acta Medica Bulgarica 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/amb-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite their partial diagnosis and registration, nosocomial infections are widespread in Bulgaria and they are of great healthcare, social and economic importance for the society. Statistical processing of official information for the period 2011-2016 shows that the incidence of registered NI among hospitalized patients in Bulgaria is below 1%. In the clinical structure of NI in the above mentioned period, the infections of the surgical site are leading with a prevailing share of 20.67%. S. aureus (19.74%) and E. coli (19.33%) have the highest incidence in the etiological deciphering of infections of the surgical site. Leading etiological agents of lower respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia) in Bulgaria are Acinetobacter spp. (24.12%) and Pseudomonas spp. (20.18%). Urinary tract infections have a relative share of 15.08% in the clinical structure of NI. They are primarily caused by E. coli (28.95%). In bloodstream infection, coagulase-negative staphylococci (S. epidermidis prevailing) are isolated in 30.58% of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Mitova
- Department of Epidemiology , Medical University – Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - S. Angelova
- Department of Epidemiology , Medical University – Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - V. Doicheva
- Department of Epidemiology , Medical University – Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - G. Donkov
- Department of Epidemiology , Medical University – Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Ts. Mincheva
- Department of Epidemiology , Medical University – Sofia , Bulgaria
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Korsun N, Angelova S, Tzotcheva I, Georgieva I, Lazova S, Parina S, Alexiev I, Perenovska P. Prevalence and genetic characterisation of respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 winter seasons. Pathog Glob Health 2017; 111:351-361. [PMID: 28948867 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1375708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in infants and young children. The objectives of this study were to investigate the RSV circulation among children aged <5 years in Bulgaria, to identify the RSV-A and RSV-B genotypes and to perform an amino acid sequence analysis of second hypervariable region (HVR2) of the G gene. During the 2014/15 and 2015/16 winter seasons, nasopharyngeal specimens of 610 children aged <5 years with ARI were tested using Real Time RT-PCR for influenza viruses, RSV, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses and adenoviruses. Viral respiratory pathogens were detected in 429 (70%) out of 610 patients examined and RSV was the most frequently identified virus (26%) followed by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (14%) (p < .05). RSV was the most prevalent pathogen in patients with bronchiolitis (48%) and pneumonia (38%). In the 2014/15 season, RSV-A dominated slightly (53%), while in the next season RSV-B viruses prevailed more strongly (66%). The phylogenetic analysis based on the G gene indicated that all 21 studied RSV-A strains belonged to the ON1 genotype; the vast majority (96%) of the RSV-B strains were classified into BA9 genotype and only one - into BA10 genotype. All Bulgarian RSV-A and RSV-B sequences contained a 72-nt and a 60-nt duplication in the HVR2, respectively. The study showed the leading role of this pathogen as a causative agent of serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, year-on-year fluctuations in RSV incidence, a shift from RSV-A to RSV-B subgroup dominance and relatively low genetic divergence in the circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- a Department of Virology , National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Angelova
- a Department of Virology , National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Iren Tzotcheva
- b Paediatric clinic , University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- a Department of Virology , National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Snezhina Lazova
- b Paediatric clinic , University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Snezhana Parina
- b Paediatric clinic , University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Alexiev
- a Department of Virology , National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Penka Perenovska
- b Paediatric clinic , University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
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Korsun N, Angelova S, Teodosieva A. Virological Surveillance of Influenza in Four Recent Post-Pandemic Seasons (2010/11 to 2013/14) in Bulgaria. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 24:180-187. [PMID: 27755859 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for studying the evolution of influenza viruses as well as for annual updating of the vaccine composition. The aim of the present study is to analyse the circulation of the influenza viruses in Bulgaria during the four recent post-pandemic seasons. METHODS A total of 3,681 respiratory samples from patients with influenza like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory illness (ARI) were tested for influenza viruses using Real Time RT-PCR. RESULTS Influenza viruses were detected in 1,367 (37%) samples. Of those viruses, 941 (69%) were of type A and 426 (31%) of type B. Among the subtyped A viruses, 543 (60%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 369 (40%) A(H3N2). Co-circulation of all seasonal influenza types/subtypes was registered during each season, with the exception of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the 2011/12 season. In this study, data gathered from the antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza viruses, their antiviral susceptibility, and the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the infections are presented. CONCLUSIONS Yearly variations in the distribution and frequency of influenza types/subtypes and an annual shift of the predominant type/subtype were observed. In the seasons with predominant spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus - 2010/11 and 2013/14, a greater number of influenza-related pneumonia cases, ICU admissions and fatal cases was registered (p<0.05). The results of the present study confirm the need for continuous and comprehensive influenza surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Angelova
- National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Teodosieva
- National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Ketelaar ME, Van De Kant K, Dijk FN, Klaassen EMM, Grotenboer N, Nawijn MC, Dompeling E, Koppelman GH, Murray C, Foden P, Lowe L, Durrington H, Custovic A, Simpson A, Simpson AJ, Shaw DE, Sousa AR, Fleming LJ, Roberts G, Pandis I, Bansal AT, Corfield J, Wagers S, Djukanovic R, Chung KF, Sterk PJ, Vestbo J, Fowler SJ, Tebbutt SJ, Singh A, Shannon CP, Kim YW, Yang CX, Gauvreau GM, Fitzgerald JM, Boulet LP, O’Byrne PM, Begley N, Loudon A, Ray DW, Baos S, Cremades L, Calzada D, Lahoz C, Cárdaba B, Asosingh K, Lauruschkat C, Queisser K, Wanner N, Weiss K, Xu W, Erzurum S, Sokolowska M, Chen LY, Liu Y, Martinez-Anton A, Logun C, Alsaaty S, Cuento R, Cai R, Sun J, Quehenberger O, Armando A, Dennis E, Levine S, Shelhamer J, Choi K, Lazova S, Perenovska P, Miteva D, Priftis S, Petrova G, Yablanski V, Vlaev E, Rafailova H, Kumae T, Holmes LJ, Yorke J, Ryan DM, Chinratanapisit S, Matchimmadamrong K, Deerojanawong J, Karoonboonyanan W, Sritipsukho P, Youroukova V, Dimitrova D, Slavova Y, Lesichkova S, Tzocheva I, Parina S, Angelova S, Korsun N, Craiu M, Stan IV, Deliu M, Yavuz T, Sperrin M, Sahiner UM, Belgrave D, Sackesen CS, Kalayci Ö, Velikov P, Velikova T, Ivanova-Todorova E, Tumangelova-Yuzeir K, Kyurkchiev D, Megremis S, Constantinides B, Sotiropoulos AG, Xepapadaki P, Robertson D, Papadopoulos N, Wilkinson M, Portsmouth C, Ray D, Goodacre R, Valerieva A, Bobolea I, Vera DG, Gonzalez-Salazar G, Moreno CM, Rodriguez CF, De Las Cuevas Moreno N, Wang R, Satia I, Niven R, Smith JA, Southworth T, Plumb J, Gupta V, Pearson J, Ramis I, Lehner MD, Miralpeix M, Singh D, Satia I, Woodhead M, O’Byrne P, Smith JA, Forss C, Cook P, Brown S, Svedberg F, Stephenson K, Bertuzzi M, Bignell E, Enerbäck M, Cunoosamy D, Macdonald A, Liu C, Zhu L, Fukuda K, Zhang C, Ouyang S, Chen X, Qin L, Rachakonda S, Aronica M, Qin J, Li X, Larose MC, Archambault AS, Provost V, Chakir J, Laviolette M, Flamand N, Logan N, Ruckerl D, Allen JE, Sutherland TE, Hamelmann E, Vogelberg C, Goldstein S, Azzi GE, Engel M, Sigmund R, Szefler SJ, Mesquita R, Coentrão L, Veiga R, Paiva JA, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Porras WV, Moreno AG, Iglesias JM, Ramos GC, Acevedo YP, Alonso MAT, Del Mar Moro Moro M, Krcmova I, Novosad J, Hanania NA, Massanari M, Hecker H, Kassel E, Laforce C, Rickard K, Snelder S, Braunstahl GJ, Jones TL, Neville D, Heiden ER, Lanning E, Brown T, Rupani H, Babu KS, Chauhan AJ, Eldegeir MY, Chapman AA, Ferwana M, Caldron M. Abstracts from the 3rd International Severe Asthma Forum (ISAF). Clin Transl Allergy 2017. [PMCID: PMC5461526 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-017-0149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Korsun N, Angelova S, Gregory V, Daniels R, Georgieva I, McCauley J. Antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2015/2016 season. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 49:241-250. [PMID: 28132927 PMCID: PMC5348111 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for early detection of novel genetic variants of epidemiologic and clinical significance. The aim of this study was to determine the antigenic and molecular characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2015/2016 season. The season was characterized by dominant circulation of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, accounting for 66% of detected influenza viruses, followed by B/Victoria-lineage viruses (24%) and A(H3N2) viruses (10%). All sequenced influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria-lineage viruses belonged to the 6B.1, 3C.2a and 1A genetic groups, respectively. Amino acid analysis of 57 A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates revealed the presence of 16 changes in hemagglutinin (HA) compared to the vaccine virus, five of which occurred in four antigenic sites, together with 16 changes in neuraminidase (NA) and a number of substitutions in proteins MP, NP, NS and PB2. Despite the many amino acid substitutions, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses remained antigenically closely related to A/California/7/2009 vaccine virus. Bulgarian A(H3N2) strains (subclade 3C.2a) showed changes at 11 HA positions four of which were located in antigenic sites A and B, together with 6 positions in NA, compared to the subclade 3C.3a vaccine virus. They contained unique HA1 substitutions N171K, S312R and HA2 substitutions I77V and G155E compared to Bulgarian 3C.2a viruses of the previous season. All 20 B/Victoria-lineage viruses sequenced harboured two substitutions in the antigenic 120-loop region of HA, and 5 changes in NA, compared to the B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine virus. The results of this study reaffirm the continuous genetic variability of circulating seasonal influenza viruses and the need for continued systematic antigenic and molecular surveillance. 6B.1, 3C.2a and 1A were the most prevalent genetic subclades of A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses, respectively. Differences in antigenic sites, RBS and N-glycosylation motifs in HA and NA between epidemic and vaccine viruses were found. Amino acid substitutions in internal proteins M, NP, NS1 and PB2 were identified. All influenza A viruses were resistant to M2 blockers but both A/B viruses were susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetla Angelova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Viki Gregory
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Georgieva
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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Angelova S, Spassov B, Nikolova V, Christov I, Tzvetkov N, Simeonova M. Does the pattern of clonal evolution in the karyotype of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes depend on the type of the primary chromosomal aberrations? CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Angelova S, Spassov B, Nikolova V, Christov I, Tzvetkov N, Simeonova M. DOES THE PATTERN OF CLONAL EVOLUTION IN THE KARYOTYPE OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF THE PRIMARY CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS? Tsitol Genet 2015; 49:17-24. [PMID: 26419065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to define if the type of primary chromosomal aberrations (CA) of the karyotype of patients with Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) determines the way and the rate of karyotype development. Conventional cytogenetic analysis was carried out on 248 AML and 105 MDS patients at diagnosis. Clonal evolution (CE) was found in 40% (51 of 128) of AML patients and in 47.5% (19 of 40) of MDS patients having CA in their karyotype. The first pattern we established was for the most frequent CA which initiate CE in 28 patients with a complex karyotype. These CA were non-balansed rearrangements in the following regions: 5q, 7q, 11q, 3q, monosomy 5, monosomy 7. The second pattern of CE was regarding the most frequent aneuploidias (+8, +11, +21, -Y, and the third pattern concerned balanced CA. We found significant difference in the distribution of karyotypes in different stages of progression between the first and the other two groups (p < 0.001). No statistical difference was found between the patterns in the second and the third group CA (p > 0.5).
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Y/chemistry
- Clonal Evolution
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Humans
- Karyotype
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
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Angelova S, Spassov B, Nikolova V, Christov I, Tzvetkov N, Simeonova M. Is amplification of c-MYC, MLL and RUNX1 genes in AML and MDS patients with trisomy 8, 11 and 21 a factor for a clonal evolution in the karyotype? CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Korsun N, Teodosieva A, Angelova S. Etiological Role of Ortho- and Paramyxoviruses in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Among Children Aged < 4 Years in Bulgaria. Clin Lab 2015; 61:219-26. [DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2014.140804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kitova S, Stoyanova D, Dikova J, Kandinska M, Vasilev A, Angelova S. Optical modeling of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells based on squarine dye as electron donor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/558/1/012052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Marinov M, Stoyanov N, Ugrinov A, Angelova S, Wawer I, Pisklak M, Enchev V. Solid-state structures of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-substituted phenalene-1,3-dione and indan-1,3-dione. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476614030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kosev V, Pachev I, Angelova S, Mikić A. Inheritance of quantitative traits in crosses between two Pisum sativum subspecies with particular reference to their breeding value. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541111010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ozsoy O, Ozsoy U, Stein G, Semler O, Skouras E, Schempf G, Wellmann K, Wirth F, Angelova S, Ankerne J, Ashrafi M, Schönau E, Papamitsou-Sidoropolou T, Jaminet P, Sarikcioglu L, Irintchev A, Dunlop S, Angelov D. Functional deficits and morphological changes in the neurogenic bladder match the severity of spinal cord compression. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2012; 30:363-81. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-2012-110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Ozsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - U. Ozsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - G. Stein
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - O. Semler
- Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Skouras
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G. Schempf
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K. Wellmann
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F. Wirth
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S. Angelova
- Jean-Uhrmacher Institut for Clinical ENT-Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Ankerne
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Ashrafi
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Schönau
- Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - P. Jaminet
- Department of Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery with Burn Unit, BG-Trauma Centre, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - L. Sarikcioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - A. Irintchev
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - S.A. Dunlop
- School of Animal Biology and Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | - D.N. Angelov
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Kosev V, Pachev I, Angelova S, Mikić A. Inheritance of quantitative traits in crosses between two Pisum sativum subspecies with particular reference to their breeding value. Genetika 2012; 48:50-5. [PMID: 22567853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The experimental study was conducted during the period of 2008-2010 at the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops in Pleven. The hybridization scheme included direct and back crosses covering four varieties of forage pea (Pisum sativum L.), namely two spring ones, Usatii 90 and Kamerton from Ukraine, and a winter one from Bulgaria, Pleven 10. There was analyzed the inheritance of quantitative traits such as plant height, height to first pod, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, seed number per pod, seed weight per plant and number of fertile nodes per plant of parental components (P1 and P2) and both first (F1) and second (F2) hybrid generations. The cross Usatii 90 x Pleven 10 showed the highest real heterosis effect for plant height (8.26%), pods per plant (158.79%), seeds per plant (272.16%), seeds per pod (42.09%), seed weight per plant (432.43%) and number of fertile nodes per plant (117.14%). The cross Pleven 10 x Usatii 90 had the highest real heterosis effect height to first pod (11.06%). In F2 plants, the strongest depression for plant height (5.88%), seeds per plant (57.88%), seeds per pod (55.93%) and seed weight per plant (55.99%) was in the cross Usatii 90 x Pleven 10, for height to first pod (1.47%) in the cross Kamerton x Pleven 10 and for number of fertile nodes per plant (15.91%) in the cross Pleven 10 x Usatii 90. The highest positive degree of transgression for number of fertile nodes per plant (165.64%) and seed weight per plant (162.10%) was in the cross Pleven 10 x Kamerton and for pod number per plant (102.54%) and seeds per plant (99.13%) in Kamerton x Pleven 10. The stability of the characters was determined. Low variability in F1 and F2 was found in plant height (3.97-6.85%). Variability of number seeds per plant in F1 was highest (11.86-33.23%). For all other traits, the variability varied from average to high. A lower narrow-sense heritability coefficient was observed for plant height, height to first pod, pods per plant, seeds per plant and seed weight per plant (from 0.001 to 0.230). In few cases, such as in fertile nodes per plant (0.39 and 0.81) and seeds per pod (0.44), the coefficients ofbroad-sense heritability were higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kosev
- Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, 5800 Bulgaria.
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Nikolova V, Shivarov V, Angelova S. 125 Flow cytometry contributes to distinguish between myelodysplastic syndromes and uncertain cytopenias. Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zorba T, Paraskevopoulos K, Siapkas D, Pavlidou E, Angelova S, Kushev D. The Xth Cent. Church in Drustar: Study of Wall Paintings by Spectroscopic Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-712-ii10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe technique and painting used in the earlier wall paintings from the characteristic Christian church in Drustar - close to the river Danube - in Bulgaria, are studied. The fragments of wall paintings used in this study are examined mainly by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDS). It is concluded that the technique used was fresco and that the pigments used are common to those used in the Byzantine era.
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Gavrilova-Radeva R, Kisiova-Berova E, Angelova S, Nesheva A, Kolentsov G. P84 Poster Telemetry control - special method for monitoring of patients in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-51511160075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A. Nesheva
- National Heart Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Petkova V, Nikolova V, Kalapchieva S, Stoeva V, Topalova E, Angelova S. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE AND POLLEN VIABILITY OF PISUM SATIVUM GENOTYPES UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2009.830.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Viteva L, Gospodova T, Stefanovsky Y, Angelova S, Gorrichon L. Diastereoselectivity of tandem Michael addition–alkylation reactions: a convenient method for one-pot synthesis of α-branched 2,3-diphenylglutaric acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Koeva R, Angelova S, Guteva Y. Plant Genetic Resources and Their Biological Potential Integrated to the Agricultural and Ecologycal Systems. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2002.10819179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Mintova S, Valtchev V, Angelova S, Konstantinov L. Kinetic investigation of the effect of Na, K, Li and Ca on the crystallization of titanium silicate ETS-4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-2449(97)00042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Simeonova M, Kovacheva K, Angelova L, Angelova S. [The role of chromosome anomalies in the origin of reproductive failures]. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 1995; 34:19-21. [PMID: 8651414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The results from chromosomal analysis of 185 couples, studied on the occasion of reproductive failures (RF), such as sterility, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths and malformed children are presented. Twenty nine couples (15.68%) with one of spouses--a carrier of a chromosomal anomaly (CA) are established. CA types include: aneuploidy--2, mosaic--5, Robertson's translocation--3, non-Robertson's translocation--7, and pericentric inversion--12. Recognition of genetic conditions is vital for accurate assessment of recurrence risks and in order in some instances, to provide specific prenatal diagnosis.
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Kiriakov A, Bulatov AA, Elizarova GP, Kavrykova I, Tinterova Z, Angelova S, Zaĭtseva NS, Pankov IA. [Change in the blood lipoprotein spectrum in experimental hyperprolactinemia]. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 1991; 37:44-6. [PMID: 2027869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of monomeric (glycosylated and unglycosylated) and dimeric form of porcine prolactin on change of the blood levels of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol in lipoproteins (LP) of different density and the activity of the main enzymes of plasmatic and liver lipid metabolism were studied under the conditions of experimental hyperprolactinemia in rabbits. It was shown to be accompanied by dyslipoproteinemia, characterized by a stable rise of TG in LP of very low, high and low density as well as by a rise of cholesterol concentration in VLDL and its decrease in HDL. Such changes in LP showed correlation with lowered activity of lipoprotein lipase, triglyceride lipase of the liver and plasmatic postheparin lipolytic activity. Analysis of prolactin-induced dyslipoproteinemia has shown that changes in plasma lipoproteins are of atherogenic nature.
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