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Chammas SM, Carneiro SM, Ferro RS, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C. Development of integument and cutaneous glands in larval, juvenile and adult toads (Rhinella granulosa): a morphological and morphometric study. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio M. Chammas
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sylvia M. Carneiro
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Ferro
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marta M. Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos Jared
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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2
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Portes-Junior JA, Yamanouye N, Carneiro SM, Knittel PS, Sant’Anna SS, Nogueira FCS, Junqueira M, Magalhães GS, Domont GB, Moura-da-Silva AM. Unraveling the Processing and Activation of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3338-48. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio C. S. Nogueira
- Unidade
de Proteômica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Magno Junqueira
- Unidade
de Proteômica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto B. Domont
- Unidade
de Proteômica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
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3
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Sakai F, Carneiro SM, Yamanouye N. Morphological study of accessory gland of Bothrops jararaca and its secretory cycle. Toxicon 2012; 59:393-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Gamarra LF, Amaro E, Alves S, Soga D, Pontuschka WM, Mamani JB, Carneiro SM, Brito GES, Figueiredo Neto AM. Characterization of the biocompatible magnetic colloid on the basis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with dextran, used as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:4145-4153. [PMID: 21128393 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, the so-called Endorem colloidal suspension on the basis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (mean diameter of 5.5 nm) coated with dextran, were characterized on the basis of several measurement techniques to determine the parameters of their most important physical and chemical properties. It is assumed that each nanoparticle is consisted of Fe3O4 monodomain and it was observed that its oxidation to gamma-Fe2O3 occurs at 253.1 degrees C. The Mössbauer spectroscopy have shown a superparamagnetic behavior of the magnetic nanoparticles. The Magnetic Resonance results show an increase of the relaxation times T1, T2, and T2* with decreasing concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles. The relaxation effects of SPIONs contrast agents are influenced by their local concentration as well as the applied field strength and the environment in which these agents interact with surrounding protons. The proton relaxation rates presented a linear behavior with concentration. The measured values of thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT, thermal conductivity kappa, optical birefringence delta n0, nonlinear refractive index n2, nonlinear absorption beta' and third-order nonlinear susceptibility |chi(3)| are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Gamarra
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, IIEPAE, 05651-901, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Gamarra LF, Mamani JB, Carneiro SM, Fabris JD, Ferreira RV, Domingues RZ, Cornejo DR, Pontuschka WM, Amaro EJ. Characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide coated with silicone used as contrast agent for magnetic resonance image for the gastrointestinal tract. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:1153-1158. [PMID: 20352771 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present work is a report of the characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with silicone used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging of the gastrointestinal tract. The hydrodynamic size of the contrast agent is 281.2 nm, where it was determined by transmission electron microscopy and a Fe3O4 crystalline structure was identified by X-ray diffraction, also confirmed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy. The blocking temperature of 190 K was determined from magnetic measurements based on the Zero Field Cooled and Field Cooled methods. The hysteresis loops were measured at different temperatures below and above the blocking temperature. Ferromagnetic resonance analysis indicated the superparamagnetic nature of the nanoparticles and a strong temperature dependence of the peak-to-peak linewidth deltaH(pp), giromagnetic factor g, number of spins N(s) and relaxation time T2 were observed. This behavior can be attributed to an increase in the superexchange interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Gamarra
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein IIEPAE, 05651-901 São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Yamamoto D, Hernandes RT, Blanco M, Greune L, Schmidt MA, Carneiro SM, Dahbi G, Blanco JE, Mora A, Blanco J, Gomes TAT. Erratum to: Invasiveness as a putative additional virulence mechanism of some atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains with different uncommon intimin types. BMC Microbiol 2009. [PMCID: PMC2785823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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7
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Yamamoto D, Hernandes RT, Blanco M, Greune L, Schmidt MA, Carneiro SM, Dahbi G, Blanco JE, Mora A, Blanco J, Gomes TAT. Invasiveness as a putative additional virulence mechanism of some atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains with different uncommon intimin types. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:146. [PMID: 19622141 PMCID: PMC2724384 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce attaching/effacing (A/E) lesions on eukaryotic cells mediated by the outer membrane adhesin intimin. EPEC are sub-grouped into typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC). We have recently demonstrated that aEPEC strain 1551-2 (serotype O non-typable, non-motile) invades HeLa cells by a process dependent on the expression of intimin sub-type omicron. In this study, we evaluated whether aEPEC strains expressing other intimin sub-types are also invasive using the quantitative gentamicin protection assay. We also evaluated whether aEPEC invade differentiated intestinal T84 cells. Results Five of six strains invaded HeLa and T84 cells in a range of 13.3%–20.9% and 5.8%–17.8%, respectively, of the total cell-associated bacteria. The strains studied were significantly more invasive than prototype tEPEC strain E2348/69 (1.4% and 0.5% in HeLa and T84 cells, respectively). Invasiveness was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. We also showed that invasion of HeLa cells by aEPEC 1551-2 depended on actin filaments, but not on microtubules. In addition, disruption of tight junctions enhanced its invasion efficiency in T84 cells, suggesting preferential invasion via a non-differentiated surface. Conclusion Some aEPEC strains may invade intestinal cells in vitro with varying efficiencies and independently of the intimin sub-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Yamamoto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 3o andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, CEP 04023-062, Brazil.
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8
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Yamanouye N, Kerchove CM, Moura-da-Silva AM, Carneiro SM, Markus RP. Long-term primary culture of secretory cells of Bothrops jararaca venom gland for venom production in vitro. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:2763-6. [PMID: 17406533 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This protocol details the optimal conditions to establish a long-term primary culture of secretory cells from the venom gland of the Bothrops jararaca snake. Furthermore, these conditions allow the production and secretion of venom into the culture medium. Snake venom is a rich source of active molecules and has been used for bioprospection studies. However, obtaining enough venom from snakes is a major obstacle. Secretory cells of venom glands are capable of producing active toxins. Therefore, a culture of secretory cells is a good in vitro system to acquire the venom of snakes without capturing the animal from the wild. The protocol described here provides a rapid (approximately 4 h) and reproducible means of producing sufficient amounts of snake venom for biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Yamanouye
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Fukasawa LO, Schenkman RPF, Perciani CT, Carneiro SM, Dias WO, Tanizaki MM. Optimization of the conjugation method for a serogroup B/C meningococcal vaccine. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2006; 45:141-6. [PMID: 16776648 DOI: 10.1042/ba20060041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A conjugate meningococcal vaccine against serogroup B/C consisting of capsular PS (polysaccharide) from serogroup C conjugated to OMV (outer membrane vesicle) from serogroup B would be a very useful vaccine in regions where there is a prevalence of both serogroups, for example in Brazil. For this purpose, the conjugation method that uses ADHy (adipic acid dihydrazide) as spacer and a carbodi-imide derivative, EDAC [1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodi-imide], as catalyser was optimized looking for synthesis yield and maintenance of the antigenicity of both components. The best synthesis conditions preserving the vaccine immunogenicity resulted in a final yield of approx. 17%. Immunogenicity of the vaccine was highest when 10% of the sialic acid residues of the PS were occupied by the ADHy spacer. Sterilization of the conjugate by filtration through a 0.22-microm-pore-size membrane resulted in a low recovery of protein and PS (approximately 50%), although the vaccine immunogenicity was maintained. Using gamma irradiation on freeze-dried sample, it was possible to maintain the integrity of OMV structure and, consequently, its ability to induce bactericidal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila O Fukasawa
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Gonçalves VM, Takagi M, Carneiro SM, de Campos Giordano R, Tanizaki MM. Introduction of air in the anaerobic culture of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F induces the release of capsular polysaccharide from bacterial surface into the cultivation medium. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 101:1009-14. [PMID: 17040224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM An approach to increase Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (CPS) in the culture medium during fed-batch cultivation in bioreactor. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F was cultivated in a 5-l bioreactor with nitrogen-sparging and followed by addition of air in the stationary phase. The amount of CPS released in the supernatant progressively increased under air sparging. The profile of cellular viability and optical density was similar in both cultures. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the amount of tightly cell-bound CPS was higher in bacteria cultivated under nitrogen than under air. CONCLUSIONS The stress caused by the addition of air at the stationary phase promoted a large increase of free CPS into the medium, as a consequence of the morphologic change in the capsule. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The use of air in the stationary phase of the culture would greatly simplify the subsequent downstream process, allowing CPS purification from the supernatant. The direct consequence of this process improvement is the reduction of vaccine production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Gonçalves
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Sampaio SC, Santos MF, Costa EP, Rangel-Santos AC, Carneiro SM, Curi R, Cury Y. Crotoxin induces actin reorganization and inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation and activity of small GTPases in rat macrophages. Toxicon 2006; 47:909-19. [PMID: 16737726 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Crotoxin is the main neurotoxic component of Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom. Previous work of our group demonstrated that this toxin or its phospholipase A(2) subunit inhibits macrophage spreading and phagocytosis. The phagocytic activity of macrophages is controlled by the rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton and activity of the small Rho GTPases. The effect of crotoxin and its subunit on actin reorganization and tyrosine phosphorylation in rat peritoneal macrophages, during phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan, was presently investigated. The crude venom was used as positive control. In addition, the effect of crotoxin on the activity of Rho and Rac1 small GTPases was examined. Transmission electron studies showed that the venom or crotoxin decreased the extent of spread cells and increased microprojections often extended from macrophage surface. Immunocytochemical assays demosntrated that the venom or toxins increased F-actin content in the cytoplasm of these cells, but induced a marked decrease of phosphotyrosine. These effects were abolished by treatment with zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Furthermore, crotoxin decreased membrane-associated RhoA and Rac1 in translocation assays. The present results indicate that the crotalid venom and crotoxin are able to induce cytoskeleton rearrangement in macrophages. This effect is associated with inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation and of the activity of proteins involved in intracellular signalling pathways important for the complete phagocytic activity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Sampaio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Carneiro SM, Zablith MB, Kerchove CM, Moura-da-Silva AM, Quissell DO, Markus RP, Yamanouye N. Venom production in long-term primary culture of secretory cells of the Bothrops jararaca venom gland. Toxicon 2006; 47:87-94. [PMID: 16310237 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest of obtaining venom by other ways than from extracting it from snakes captured in the wild. A readily available source of this venom will be useful for all pharmacological and biotechnological studies, as well as providing an improved avenue for treatments of snakebites. Here, we show that secretory cells of venom gland can be a good in vitro apparatus to produce venom. We have maintained and morphologically characterized the secretory cells of the Bothrops jararaca venom gland cultured up to 21 days. The isolated cells assemble into acini that growth in size up to 21st day, instead of adhering to the substrate. Bothropasin, a venom metalloprotease, was localized in secretory vesicles by immunoelectron microscopy and venom was also detected in culture medium in a concentration as high as 63 microg/ml. These data show that the acini formed in culture are functionally viable; they can produce and secrete venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Carneiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Kerchove CM, Carneiro SM, Markus RP, Yamanouye N. Stimulation of the α-adrenoceptor triggers the venom production cycle in the venom gland of Bothrops jararaca. J Exp Biol 2004; 207:411-6. [PMID: 14691088 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The noradrenergic innervation of Bothrops jararaca venom gland is thought to be important in the production and secretion of venom. We investigated the characteristics of the α-adrenoceptor in the venom gland and its role in venom production. This receptor had relatively low sensitivity to noradrenaline (pD2=4.77±0.09, N=7)and to phenylephrine (pD2=3.77±0.06, N=11). The receptor became desensitized just after venom extraction (pD2 to phenylephrine fell to 3.27±0.02, N=6) and the sensitivity remained low for at least 15 days, returning to normal 30 days after venom extraction, by which time the snake was ready for a new cycle of venom production. Incubation of secretory cells with noradrenaline(10–4 mol l–1 for 5 min) reducedα-adrenoceptor sensitivity to the level seen after venom extraction. Blockade of catecholamine production with reserpine abolished the enlargement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the activation of the Golgi apparatus that are normally seen after venom extraction, and the venom production was restored by a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of phenylephrine (100 mg kg–1) immediately after venom extraction. Our data suggest that stimulation of the α-adrenoceptor during or shortly after biting is essential for the onset of the venom production cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine M Kerchove
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Moreira CG, Carneiro SM, Nataro JP, Trabulsi LR, Elias WP. Role of type I fimbriae in the aggregative adhesion pattern of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 226:79-85. [PMID: 13129611 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is distinguished by its characteristic aggregative adherence (AA) pattern to cultured epithelial cells. In this study we investigated the role of type I fimbriae (TIF) in the AA pattern to HEp-2 cells and in biofilm formation. Accentuation of this pattern was observed when the adherence assay was performed in the absence of mannose. This effect was observed in the prototype EAEC strain 042 (O44:H18), O128:H35 strains and for other EAEC serotypes. Antiserum against TIF decreased AA by 70% and 90% for strains 042 and 18 (O128:H35 prototype strain), respectively. A non-polar knockout of fimD, the TIF usher, in strains 042 and 18 resulted in inhibition of the accentuated AA pattern of approximately 80% and 70% respectively, and biofilm formation diminution of 49% for 042::fimD and 76% for 18::fimD. Our data evidence a role for TIF in the AA pattern and in EAEC biofilm formation, demonstrating that these phenotypes are multifactorial.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Escherichia coli/genetics
- Adhesins, Escherichia coli/physiology
- Antibodies, Bacterial
- Antigens, Bacterial
- Bacterial Adhesion/genetics
- Bacterial Adhesion/physiology
- Bacterial Proteins
- Biofilms/growth & development
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colony Count, Microbial
- Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
- Escherichia coli/physiology
- Escherichia coli Proteins
- Fimbriae Proteins/genetics
- Fimbriae Proteins/physiology
- Fimbriae, Bacterial/genetics
- Fimbriae, Bacterial/immunology
- Fimbriae, Bacterial/physiology
- Humans
- Mannose/metabolism
- Microscopy
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano G Moreira
- Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Carneiro SM, Fernandes W, Della Casa MS, Sesso A. Cytochemical analysis of acid phosphatase activity in the venom secretory cells of Bothrops jararaca. Tissue Cell 2001; 33:311-7. [PMID: 11521945 DOI: 10.1054/tice.2000.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A study of the histochemical reaction for acid phosphatase (AcPase) in venom gland secretory cells from Bothrops jararaca was done to investigate the distribution of lysosomes and related structures in stages of high- and low-protein synthesis. From this analysis, it was expected to gain insight into the cellular pathway by which AcPase is secreted into the venom. Two subtypes of AcPase reactivities were detected in the venom gland secretory cells: one was found in lysosomes and related structures and in some trans-Golgi network (TGN) elements and reacts with beta-glycerophosphate (betaGP) as substrate; the other was found in secretory vesicles, apical plasmalemma, lysosomes and related structures, and in some TGN elements, and reacts with cytidine monophosphate (CMP). The results are compatible with the possibility that there is a secretory via for AcPase in the venom gland of B. jararaca and that the elements composing this pathway are noted only when CMP is used as substrate. Large autophagosomes reactive to both betaGP and to CMP were commonly observed in the basal region of the secretory cells, and they were more abundant in the glands during the stage of low activity of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Carneiro
- Instituto Butantan Laboratório de Biologia Celular, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
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16
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Yamanouye N, Carneiro SM, Scrivano CN, Markus RP. Characterization of beta-adrenoceptors responsible for venom production in the venom gland of the snake Bothrops jararaca. Life Sci 2000; 67:217-26. [PMID: 10983865 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that the stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors is an important step in venom production in the Bothrops jararaca venom gland. In the present study, the pharmacological profile of the beta-adrenoceptor present in Bothrops jararaca venom gland was characterized by radioligand binding assay and by the ability of isoprenaline to promote accumulation of cyclic AMP in dispersed secretory cells. In both cases, the venom glands were obtained from non-extracted snakes (quiescent stage) or from snakes which venom was extracted 4 days before sacrifice (venom production stimulated stage). [125I]-iodocyanopindolol ([125I]-ICYP) bound to extracted gland membranes in a concentration-dependent and saturable manner, but with low affinity. Propranolol, beta1- or beta2-selective adrenoceptors ligands displaced the [125I]-ICYP binding with low affinity, while selective beta3-adrenoceptor ligands did not displace the [125I]-ICYP binding. The displacement of [125I]-ICYP by propranolol was similar in non-extracted and extracted glands, showing the presence of beta-adrenoceptors in both stages. In dispersed secretory cells of non-extracted glands, isoprenaline (1 microM) increased the cyclic AMP production and propranolol (10 microM) was able to block this effect. On the other hand, in extracted glands, isoprenaline had no effect. The results suggest that the beta-adrenoceptors present in the Bothrops jararaca venom glands are different from those (beta1, beta2 or beta3) described in mammals, but are coupled to the Gs protein, like the known beta-adrenoceptor subtypes. Moreover, previous in vivo stimulation of venom production desensitizes the beta-adrenoceptors system and, although the receptors could be detected by binding studies, they are not coupled to the Gs protein, indicating that beta-adrenoceptors stimulation contributes to the initial steps of venom synthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/metabolism
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/metabolism
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Bothrops/metabolism
- Crotalid Venoms/biosynthesis
- Cyclic AMP/biosynthesis
- Dioxoles/metabolism
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Ethanolamines/metabolism
- Ethanolamines/pharmacology
- Exocrine Glands/cytology
- Exocrine Glands/metabolism
- Female
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Iodocyanopindolol/metabolism
- Iodocyanopindolol/pharmacology
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Kinetics
- Male
- Membranes/metabolism
- Metoprolol/metabolism
- Metoprolol/pharmacology
- Propanolamines/metabolism
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- Propranolol/metabolism
- Propranolol/pharmacokinetics
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/classification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamanouye
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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Umekita LF, Carneiro SM, Sesso A, Mota I. One fate of bloodstream trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi after immune clearance: an ultrastructural study. J Parasitol 1999; 85:867-72. [PMID: 10577722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in tissues of mice was studied after immune elimination from circulation. Observations using transmission electron microscopy showed platelet thrombi occluding small vessels in the lung, liver, and spleen, and phagocytosed parasites in different stages of destruction within macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils. It is suggested that no particular cell population is a potential effector, but that different cells act in concert to destroy the parasites. The mechanism of this destruction might be related to intra- and extracellular mechanisms with trypanolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Umekita
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil
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Umekita LF, Carneiro SM, Sesso A, Mota I. One Fate of Bloodstream Trypomastigote Forms of Trypanosoma cruzi after Immune Clearance: An Ultrastructural Study. J Parasitol 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/3285823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Fukasawa LO, Gorla MC, Schenkman RP, Garcia LR, Carneiro SM, Raw I, Tanizaki MM. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C polysaccharide and serogroup B outer membrane vesicle conjugate as a bivalent meningococcus vaccine candidate. Vaccine 1999; 17:2951-8. [PMID: 10462229 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C polysaccharide (PS C) was conjugated to serogroup B outer membrane vesicles (OMV) in order to test the possibility of obtaining a bivalent group B and C meningococcus vaccine. The conjugate and controls were injected intraperitoneally into groups of ten mice with boosters on days 14 and 28 after the primary immunization. The following groups were used as control: (i) PS C; (ii) PS C plus OMV; (iii) OMV; and (iv) saline. The serum collected on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PS C and OMV, and by complement mediated bactericidal assay against serogroups B and C. ELISA for PS C as well as bactericidal titres against serogroup C meningococci of the conjugated vaccine increased eight-fold (ELISA) and 32 fold (bactericidal) after 42 days in comparison with the PS C control group. ELISA for OMV and bactericidal titre against serogroup B meningococci of the conjugate showed no significant difference in comparison with the OMV containing controls. Furthermore, Western Blot assay of the conjugate immune serum did not bind OMV class four protein which is related to the complement dependent antibody suppressor. The results indicate that the PS C-OMV conjugate could be a candidate for a bivalent vaccine toward serogroups B and C meningococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Fukasawa
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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Umekita LF, Carneiro SM, Mota I. One fate of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi injected in mice. An ultrastructural study. J Parasitol 1998; 84:1190-5. [PMID: 9920312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we suggested that epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi are cleared from circulation of mice by a mechanism independent of lysis and that platelets play an important role in this process. These observations prompted us to look at the fate of epimastigotes in the lung, liver, and spleen of mice injected intravenously with these parasite forms. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed clumps of epimastigotes and platelets in direct contact with phagocytes in the lumen of capillaries. However, the platelets and parasites were probably separated before phagocytosis because only parasites were found inside the phagocytes. Indeed, most of the phagocytes, although containing epimastigotes in different stages of disintegration, contained no platelets. The removal of parasites from platelets was probably mediated by phagocytes through a mechanism similar to the removal of bacteria from the surface of erythrocytes in humans. These observations suggest that the nonvirulence of T. cruzi epimastigotes in mice is not due to lysis but probably to the inability of these parasite forms to escape destruction by the phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Umekita
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil
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Umekita LF, Carneiro SM, Mota I. One Fate of Epimastigote Forms of Trypanosoma cruzi Injected in Mice. An Ultrastructural Study. J Parasitol 1998. [DOI: 10.2307/3284671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Many studies have examined the morphological and biochemical changes in the secretory epithelium of snake venom glands after a bite or milking. However, the mechanisms of venom production and secretion are not yet well understood. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the control of venom production and secretion. Venom glands were obtained from Bothrops jararaca (Viperidae) snakes, either unmilked previously or milked 4, 7 or 15 days before they were killed. Levels of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity were higher in venom glands collected 4 days after milking, coinciding with the maximal synthetic activity of the secretory cells. The only catecholamine detected by high-performance liquid chromatography was noradrenaline, indicating the presence of noradrenergic fibres in these glands. In reserpine-treated milked snakes, no venom could be collected, and electron microscopic analysis showed narrow rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, instead of wide cisternae, and less well-developed Golgi apparatus compared with milked untreated snakes, indicating impairment of protein synthesis and secretion. The administration of isoprenaline or phenylephrine (beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, respectively) to reserpine-treated milked snakes promoted the widening of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and restored venom production, but only phenylephrine restored the development of the Golgi apparatus and the formation of many secretory vesicles. These results provide the first evidence that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in venom production and secretion in the venom glands of Bothrops jararaca. Understanding the importance of noradrenergic stimulation in venom production may provide new insights for research into the treatment of snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamanouye
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil
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Filho AB, Carneiro SM, Godoy CV, Amorim L, Berger RD, Hau B. Angular leaf spot of phaseolus beans: relationships between disease, healthy leaf area, and yield. Phytopathology 1997; 87:506-515. [PMID: 18945105 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.1997.87.5.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Five field experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the severity of visible disease (X), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), healthy leaf area index on any given day (HLAI), radiation intercepted by healthy leaf area on any given day (HRI), healthy leaf area duration (HAD), total healthy leaf area absorption (HAA), and yield of Phaseolus beans, cultivars Rosinha and Carioca, inoculated with Phaeoisariopsis griseola at several doses. In general, yield was not related to disease severity (X) or AUDPC. In contrast, the highest yields were always related to the highest values of HAD and HAA. The relationship between yield and HAD was linear in each of five trials (29.9 < R(2) < 70.2%, P < 0.001). The relationship between yield and HAA was linear in four of the trials (52.3 < R(2) < 70.3%, P < 0.001) and exponential in one of them (in which the plant canopy was the largest). Singlepoint models using HRI to estimate yield at various times during the crop season were developed. The slope of the yield-HRI relationship proved to be stable (26.8 +/-2.4 g MJ(-1)), regardless of cultivar, locale, planting date, and bean growth stage (from R5 to R8). The yield-HLAI relationship proved to be less consistent. HRI is proposed as a key explanatory variable for a transportable system of disease management; it may be useful in producing precise recommendations at the farm level.
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Duarte MA, Carneiro SM, Melo MC, Penna FJ. Fecal loss and clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin in children with persistent diarrhea. Braz J Med Biol Res 1994; 27:1553-60. [PMID: 7874022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Daily fecal loss and daily clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin were determined in 30 infants without intestinal disorders and in 21 with persistent diarrhea. 2. Stools were collected during a 48-h period and a randomly obtained single sample was also collected. Blood samples were also collected from the infants, and alpha-1-antitrypsin was measured by radial immunodiffusion in both stool and serum. 3. No difference in daily fecal loss (mg/d) of alpha-1-antitrypsin was detected between the control group and the group with persistent diarrhea (11 +/- 9.3 vs 18.5 +/- 20 mg/d). No difference in daily alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance (ml/d) was detected between the control group and the group with persistent diarrhea (4.3 +/- 3.6 vs 5.2 +/- 4.8 ml/d). 4. There was a strong correlation between daily fecal loss and daily clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin (N = 50). There was a weak correlation between the concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin in randomly obtained single samples and daily fecal loss of the antiprotease (N = 25; r = -0.183; P < 0.01). 5. We conclude that: a) there is no increased fecal loss of alpha-1-antitrypsin persistent in diarrhea; b) fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance is not necessary to estimate the enteric loss of the antiprotease; c) the determination of alpha-1-antitrypsin in random samples of feces is not a reliable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Duarte
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Carneiro SM, Tanaka H, Kisielius JJ, Sesso A. Occurrence of retrovirus-like particles in various cellular and intercellular compartments of the venom glands from Bothrops jararacussu. Res Vet Sci 1992; 53:399-401. [PMID: 1465518 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5288(92)90148-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Retrovirus-like particles were detected in venom glands from Bothrops jararacussu during electron microscopy. Type C-like particles were found inter- and intracellularly in gland and vessel lumina and scattered in the connective tissue. They were about 100 nm in diameter, with an electron dense core and bilaminar external membrane. Shapes suggestive of a budding process from the plasma membrane were also observed. Less frequently, type A-like particles, about 80 nm diameter with an electronlucent core, appeared in association with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum of the secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunoquimica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carneiro SM, Pinto VR, Jared C, Lula LA, Faria FP, Sesso A. Morphometric studies on venom secretory cells from Bothrops jararacussu (Jararacuçu) before and after venom extraction. Toxicon 1991; 29:569-80. [PMID: 1926160 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90051-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparative morphometrical analysis was carried out on secretory cells from Bothrops jararacussu venom glands, before manual extraction of the venom (milking) and 4 and 8 days after milking. At the 8th day after milking, the cytoplasmic volume increased by 160%. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) volume density increase, up to the 8th day after milking, is mainly due to widening of the intra-scisternal space. The total volume and membrane surface of the RER. Golgi apparatus and subcomponents, secretory vesicles and mitochondria, increased during the experimental period while the volume and surface densities of these organelles, with the exception of the RER, did not vary. The numerical density of Golgi-associated microvesicles per Golgi volume unit also increased. The greatest relative increments in these parameters occurred within the first 4 days. These results are compatible with an increased rate of membrane synthesis and transport in the milked glands and suggest that the membrane biogenesis, degradation and circulation that takes place in the first week after milking is achieved through coordinated cellular mechanisms that maintain the rate between total membrane surface and total cytoplasmic volume unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Carneiro
- Seção de Venenos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil
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Carneiro SM, Sesso A. Morphometric evaluation of zymogen granule membrane transfer to Golgi cisternae following exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells from suckling newborn rats. J Submicrosc Cytol 1987; 19:19-33. [PMID: 3560291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic acinar cells from unfed, newborn rats and sucking for 4, 8 and 16 h were studied morphometrically in semi- and ultrathin sections. In the cells of the unfed, newborn rats, numerical and volume densities of the zymogen granules (ZG) and volume of the Golgi apparatus are respectively the highest and lowest observed during peri- and postnatal life. Cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) appear irregularly disposed among the ZG. Once feeding starts, cytoplasmic volume becomes progressively reduced until the 16th hour owing to sustained exocytosis of ZG contents. The decline in numerical density of ZG between 0 and 4 h revealed the minimum number of ZG exocytosed in the first 240 min. The sum of the membrane surfaces measured in the various subcellular compartments [RER, condensing vacuoles (CV), Golgi cisternae (GC), Golgi apparatus-associated microvesicles (GM), 'other structures', apical and basolateral plasmalemmae and mitochondria] did not vary significantly in the various groups of rats. After 4 and 8 h, the net amount of cellular ZG membrane surface internalized represents 10% and 15% respectively of the total measured cell membrane. These quantities are sufficient to account for the expressive increase in membrane surfaces occurring at these times in CV, GC, and GM. The curves showing membrane surface decrease in ZG and increase in the Golgi appear to express a precursor----product relationship. The results of topochemical reactions are consistent with the interpretation that part of the ZG membrane internalized after exocytosis induced by alimentary stimulus is reused to expand and/or form trans (thiamine pyrophosphatase positive) and trans-most (acid phosphatase positive) GC.
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Carneiro SM, Pacheco JA, Leonardo MR. [Comphorated p-monochlorophenol (C.P.M.C.). Controversies about its distant action]. Rev Assoc Paul Cir Dent 1980; 34:514-521. [PMID: 7010465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Beçak ML, Carneiro SM, Fukuda K. Circles in spermatocyte chromatin loops. Electron microscopy and AgAs-NORs studies. Experientia 1978; 34:171-3. [PMID: 342269 DOI: 10.1007/bf01944658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe the production of circles in chromomeric loops during the pachytene stage of the spermatocytes. These circles are found attached to chromatin or already free in the nucleoplasm. Each circle measures an average of 3700 A in circunference. We suggest that such circles might indicate the presence of tandem repetitions.
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Abstract
Meiotic and mitotic chromosomes from amphibians and snakes were studied by electron microscopy. By using water spreading, preceded by a mild NaCl pretreatment, we showed: 1. 'Beads on a string' arrangement of the chromatin fibres; 2. The presence of loops at pachytene chromomeres as well as during metaphase of both mitosis and first meiosis; 3. Transcriptional activity for non-ribosomal RNA on peripheral loops during the middle pachytene.
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Abstract
C banded mouse pachytene chromsomes were studied with the light and electron microscopes by the whole mount technique. The X and Y chromosomes show pairing by the long, by the short or by both long and short arms. Assuming Lyon's hypothesis, the latter suggests that the Y segment transferred to the X is intercalar. With the light microscope, a negative image of the synaptonemal complex is evidenced.
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