A robust single and multiple moving object detection, tracking and classification

Surveillance is the emerging concept in the current technology, as it plays a vital role in monitoring keen activities at the nooks and corner of the world. Among which moving object identifying and tracking by means of computer vision techniques is the major part in surveillance. If we consider moving object detection in video analysis is the initial step among the various computer applications. The main drawbacks of the existing object tracking method is a time-consuming approach if the video contains a high volume of information. There arise certain issues in choosing the optimum tracking technique for this huge volume of data. Further, the situation becomes worse when the tracked object varies orientation over time and also it is difficult to predict multiple objects at the same time. In order to overcome these issues here, we have intended to propose an effective method for object detection and movement tracking. In this paper, we proposed robust video object detection and tracking technique. The proposed technique is divided into three phases namely detection phase, tracking phase and evaluation phase in which detection phase contains Foreground segmentation and Noise reduction. Mixture of Adaptive Gaussian (MoAG) model is proposed to achieve the efficient foreground segmentation. In addition to it the fuzzy morphological filter model is implemented for removing the noise present in the foreground segmented frames. Moving object tracking is achieved by the blob detection which comes under tracking phase. Finally, the evaluation phase has feature extraction and classification. Texture based and quality based features are extracted from the processed frames which is given for classification. For classification we are using J48 ie, decision tree based classifier. The performance of the proposed technique is analyzed with existing techniques k-NN and MLP in terms of precision, recall, f-measure and ROC.

PPy Doped with DBSA and Combined with PSS to Improve Processability and Control the Morphology

DBSA (Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid)/PSS (Polystyrene sulfonic acid) doped polypyrrole composites were synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method with 0 to 5°C reaction temperature for 24 h. The particle size distribution of DBSA and PSS doped polypyrrole composites were found at 78 nm, 66 nm, 85 nm, 120 nm and 173 nm for different weight ratios of PSS. The presence of sulfur and higher doping level was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The mass percentages of sulfur were found in 17.94%, 34.41%, 40.87%, 44.9% and 48.16% for various weight ratios of PSS. The SEM study shows the granular morphology and aggregation of polypyrrole composites. Thermal stability improves with higher concentration of PSS. FTIR study confirms the presence of dopants in the composite structure. The UV-study reveals the π→π* transition in benzenoid rings of DBSA and presence of PSS. The conductivity of polypyrrole composite increases maximum upto 2.5 wt% of PSS and then decreases with increasing PSS content.

Influence of microwave power on the preparation of NiO nanoflakes for enhanced magnetic and supercapacitor applications

Nanoflake-structured NiO were synthesized by a microwave assisted method without the use of additives.

Role of solution pH on the microstructural properties of spin coated cobalt oxide thin films

Cobalt Oxide (Co3o4) thin films have been successfully coated onto glass substrates at various solution pH by sol-gel spin coating technique. The film thickness was estimated using weight gain method and it revealed that the film thickness increased with solution pH values. The prepared film structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and Vander Pau method, respectively. The structure of the films were found to be face centered cubic with preferential orientation along (311) plane. X-ray line profile analysis was used to evaluate the micro structural parameters such as crystallite size, micro strain, dislocation density and stacking fault probability. The crystallite size values are increased with increase of solution pH values and maximum value of crystallite is estimated at 40.8 nm at solution pH 8 +/- 0.1. Morphological results showed that the pH of the solution has a marked effect on morphology of the Co3O4 thin films. The optical studies revealed that the band gap can be tailored between 2.16 to 2.31 eV by altering pH. The thin film formed at a solution pH 7 is found to have a low resistivity and high mobility. The electrical resistivity (p), carrier concentration (n) and mobility (micro) values are 0.1 x 10(3) omega x cm, 8.9 cm2 gammas(-1) and 6.6 x 10(14) cm(-3), respectively for Co3O4 thin film prepared at solution pH 7 +/- 0.1. EDAX studies showed that the cobalt content increased and the oxygen content decreased with increase of pH.

Variation of microstructural and optical properties in SILAR grown ZnO thin films by thermal treatment

The influence of thermal treatment on the structural and morphological properties of the ZnO films deposited by double dip Successive ionic layer by adsorption reaction is presented. The effect of annealing temperature and time in air ambient is presented in detail. The deposited films were annealed from 200 to 400 degrees C in air and the structural properties were determined as a function of annealing temperature by XRD. The studies revealed that films were exhibiting preferential orientation along (002) plane. The other structural parameters like the crystallite size (D), micro strain (epsilon), dislocation density (delta) and stacking fault (alpha) of as-deposited and annealed ZnO films were evaluated and reported. The optical properties were also studied and the band gap of the ZnO thins films varied from 3.27 to 3.04 eV with the annealing temperature. SEM studies revealed that the hexagonal shaped grains with uniformly distributed morphology in annealed ZnO thin films. It has been envisaged using EDX analysis that the near stoichiometric composition of the film can be attained by thermal treatment during which microstructural changes do occur.

Electrochemical and physical properties of electroplated CuO thin films

Cupric oxide thin films have been prepared on ITO glass substrates from an aqueous electrolytic bath containing CuSO4 and tartaric acid. Growth mechanism has been analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. The role of pH on the structural, morphological, compositional, electrical and optical properties of CuO films is investigated. The structural studies revealed that the deposited films are polycrystalline in nature with a cubic structure. The preferential orientation of CuO thin films is found to be along (111) plane. X-ray line profile analysis has been carried out to determine the microstructural parameters of CuO thin films. The pyramid shaped grains are observed from SEM and AFM images. The optical band gap energy and electrical activation energy is found to be 1.45 and 0.37 eV, respectively. Also, the optical constants of CuO thin films such as refractive index (n), complex dielectric constant (epsilon) extinction coefficient (k) and optical conductivity (sigma) are evaluated.

Morphological properties of Ag₂SeTe nano thin films prepared by thermal evaporation

Semiconducting silver selenide telluride (Ag₂SeTe) thin films were prepared with different thicknesses onto glass substrates at room temperature using thermal evaporation technique. The structural properties were determined as a function of thickness by X-ray diffraction exhibiting no preferential orientation along any plane; however, the films are found to have peaks corresponding to mixed phase. The morphology of these films was studied using scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy respectively, and is reported. The morphological properties are found to be very sensitive to the thin film thickness. The composition of the films is also estimated using energy dispersive analysis using X-rays and are also reported.

Morphology selection for cupric oxide thin films by electrodeposition

Polycrystalline cupric oxide thin films were deposited using alkaline solution bath employing cathodic electrodeposition method. The thin films were electrodeposited at various solution pH. The surface morphology and elemental analyzes of the films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, respectively. SEM studies revealed that the surface morphology could be tailored suitably by adjusting the pH value during deposition. Mesh average on multiple lattice mode atomic force microscopy image was obtained and reported.

Low temperature wet chemical synthesis of good optical quality vertically aligned crystalline ZnO nanorods

The growth of ZnO nanorods on Au-coated ITO substrates using a low temperature wet chemical process is presented. Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction observations reveal that the crystalline ZnO nanorods are preferentially oriented along the c axis. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal a strong band edge emission at 382 nm, a signature of good crystallinity, with a weak and broad orange-red emission, which is typically attributed to the oxygen interstitials, in the range between 520 and 720 nm. Other than the second order feature of the band edge emission at 760 nm, no red or near-infrared bands are observed. The effect of precursor concentration on the morphological, structural and PL properties are studied, and the results are discussed.

Plasma vitrification and re-use of non-combustible fiber reinforced plastic, gill net and waste glass

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite material has widespread use in general tank, special chemical tank and body of yacht, etc. The purpose of this study is directed towards the volume reduction of non-combustible FRP by thermal plasma and recycling of vitrified slag with specific procedures. In this study, we have employed three main wastes such as, FRP, gill net and waste glass. The thermal molten process was applied to treat vitrified slag at high temperatures whereas in the post-heat treatment vitrified slags were mixed with specific additive and ground into powder form and then heat treated at high temperatures. With a two-stage heat treatment, the treated sample was generated into four crystalline phases, cristobalite, albite, anorthite and wollastonite. Fine and relatively high dense structures with desirable properties were obtained for samples treated by the two-stage heating treatment. Good physical and mechanical properties were achieved after heat treatment, and this study reveals that our results could be comparable with the commercial products.