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Carpenter MA, Pesquera D, O'Flynn D, Balakrishnan G, Mufti N, Nugroho AA, Palstra TTM, Mihalik M, Mihalik M, Zentková M, Almeida A, Moreira JA, Vilarinho R, Meier D. Strain relaxation dynamics of multiferroic orthorhombic manganites. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:125402. [PMID: 33007773 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbdba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy has been used to characterise strain coupling and relaxation behavior associated with magnetic/magnetoelectric phase transitions in GdMnO3, TbMnO3and TbMn0.98Fe0.02O3through their influence on elastic/anelastic properties. Acoustic attenuation ahead of the paramagnetic to colinear-sinusoidal incommensurate antiferromagnetic transition at ∼41 K correlates with anomalies in dielectric properties and is interpreted in terms of Debye-like freezing processes. A loss peak at ∼150 K is related to a steep increase in electrical conductivity with a polaron mechanism. The activation energy,Ea, of ≳0.04 eV from a loss peak at ∼80 K is consistent with the existence of a well-defined temperature interval in which the paramagnetic structure is stabilised by local, dynamic correlations of electric and magnetic polarisation that couple with strain and have relaxation times in the vicinity of ∼10-6s. Comparison with previously published data for Sm0.6Y0.4MnO3confirms that this pattern may be typical for multiferroic orthorhombicRMnO3perovskites (R= Gd, Tb, Dy). A frequency-dependent loss peak near 10 K observed for TbMnO3and TbMn0.98Fe0.02O3, but not for GdMnO3, yieldedEa⩾ ∼0.002 eV and is interpreted as freezing of some magnetoelastic component of the cycloid structure. Small anomalies in elastic properties associated with the incommensurate and cycloidal magnetic transitions confirm results from thermal expansion data that the magnetic order parameters have weak but significant coupling with strain. Even at strain magnitudes of ∼0.1-1‰, polaron-like strain effects are clearly important in defining the development and evolution of magnetoelectric properties in these materials. Strains associated with the cubic-orthorhombic transition due to the combined Jahn-Teller/octahedral tilting transition in the vicinity of 1500 K are 2-3 orders of magnitude greater. It is inevitable that ferroelastic twin walls due to this transition would have significantly different magnetoelectric properties from homogeneous domains due to magnetoelastic coupling with steep strain gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carpenter
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Pesquera
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - D O'Flynn
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - G Balakrishnan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - N Mufti
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No.5, Malang, 65145 Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - A A Nugroho
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T T M Palstra
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Mihalik
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Mihalik
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Zentková
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, Košice, Slovakia
| | - A Almeida
- IFIMUP, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - J Agostinho Moreira
- IFIMUP, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Vilarinho
- IFIMUP, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - D Meier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Roberge B, Balli M, Jandl S, Fournier P, Palstra TTM, Nugroho AA. Raman and infrared study of 4f electron-phonon coupling in HoVO3. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:435401. [PMID: 27603503 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/43/435401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
First-order Raman scattering and multiphonons are studied in RVO3 (R = Ho and Y) as a function of temperature in the orthorhombic and monoclinic phases. Raman spectra of HoVO3 and YVO3 unveil similar features since both compounds have nearly identical R-radii. However, the most important difference lies in the transition temperature involving the V(3+) orbitals, the V(3+) magnetic moments as well as the crystallographic structure. Particularly, the magnetic and orbital reorientations occur at T N2 = 40 K for HoVO3 instead T N2 =77 K in the case of YVO3. For both systems, anomalous phonon shifts which are related to spin-phonon coupling are observed below the V(3+) magnetic ordering temperature (T N1 ≈ 110 K) while additional phonon anomalies are exclusively observed in HoVO3 around T (*) ≈ 15 K. On the other hand, infrared (IR) transmittance measurements as a function of temperature reveal Ho(3+5)I8 → (5)I7 excitations and additional excitations assigned as vibronics. These latter combined with drastic changes in Ho(3+5)I8 → (5)I7 excitations at T N2, are indicative of a strong coupling between the Ho(3+) ions and the ligand field. This could explain the large magnetocaloric capacity shown by HoVO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Roberge
- Regroupement Québecois sur les matériaux de pointe, Département de physique, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, QC, Canada
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Abstract
The thermoelectric performance of CuCrO2 with different particle size and morphology is influenced more by electrical resistivity than thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. N. M. Ngo
- Solid State Materials for Electronics
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - T. T. M. Palstra
- Solid State Materials for Electronics
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - G. R. Blake
- Solid State Materials for Electronics
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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Thomson RI, Chatterji T, Howard CJ, Palstra TTM, Carpenter MA. Elastic anomalies associated with structural and magnetic phase transitions in single crystal hexagonal YMnO3. J Phys Condens Matter 2014; 26:045901. [PMID: 24390102 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/4/045901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy has been used to measure the elastic and anelastic behaviour through known structural and magnetic phase transitions in single crystal hexagonal YMnO3. Anomalous elastic behaviour is observed at the high temperature structural transition at ∼1260 K, with a discontinuity in the elastic constants and nonlinear recovery below Tc, consistent with [Formula: see text] coupling. There is no change in dissipation associated with this high temperature transition, and no evidence in the elastic or anelastic behaviour for any secondary transition at ∼920 K, thus supporting the thesis of a single high temperature transformation. Elastic stiffening is observed on cooling through TN, in accordance with previous studies, and the excess elastic constant appears to scale with the square of the magnetic order parameter. The strains incurred at TN are a factor of ∼20 smaller than those at the structural transition, implying very weak [Formula: see text] coupling and a dominant contribution to the variation in the elastic constants from [Formula: see text]. The increased acoustic dissipation above TN is consistent with an order-disorder process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Thomson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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Caretta A, Miranti R, Arkenbout AH, Polyakov AO, Meetsma A, Hidayat R, Tjia MO, Palstra TTM, van Loosdrecht PHM. Thermochromic effects in a Jahn-Teller active CuCl(4-)6 layered hybrid system. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:505901. [PMID: 24220020 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/50/505901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid material copper (II) tetrachloro-bis(phenyl ethyl ammonium) (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2CuCl4, or PEACuCl, has been investigated by temperature-dependent spectroscopic absorption experiments. The absorption bands observed in the near-infrared region (1.3-1.9 eV) generally exhibit redshifts with increasing temperature. The temperature-induced energy shifts of the spectral components are shown to be consistently related to temperature-induced Cu-Cl bond length changes. Additionally, the thermochromic color change is caused by a charge transfer band edge redshifting (in the visible region 2.0-2.8 eV) with increasing temperature. By comparison with similar Cu-based systems, it is suggested that this shift is caused by broadening and strengthening of the band.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caretta
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rosen JA, Comin R, Levy G, Fournier D, Zhu ZH, Ludbrook B, Veenstra CN, Nicolaou A, Wong D, Dosanjh P, Yoshida Y, Eisaki H, Blake GR, White F, Palstra TTM, Sutarto R, He F, Fraño Pereira A, Lu Y, Keimer B, Sawatzky G, Petaccia L, Damascelli A. Surface-enhanced charge-density-wave instability in underdoped Bi2Sr(2-x)La(x)CuO(6+δ). Nat Commun 2013; 4:1977. [PMID: 23817313 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutron and X-ray scattering experiments have provided mounting evidence for spin and charge ordering phenomena in underdoped cuprates. These range from early work on stripe correlations in Nd-LSCO to the latest discovery of charge-density-waves in YBa2Cu3O(6+x). Both phenomena are characterized by a pronounced dependence on doping, temperature and an externally applied magnetic field. Here, we show that these electron-lattice instabilities exhibit also a previously unrecognized bulk-surface dichotomy. Surface-sensitive electronic and structural probes uncover a temperature-dependent evolution of the CuO2 plane band dispersion and apparent Fermi pockets in underdoped Bi2 Sr(2-x) La(x) CuO(6+δ) (Bi2201), which is directly associated with an hitherto-undetected strong temperature dependence of the incommensurate superstructure periodicity below 130 K. In stark contrast, the structural modulation revealed by bulk-sensitive probes is temperature-independent. These findings point to a surface-enhanced incipient charge-density-wave instability, driven by Fermi surface nesting. This discovery is of critical importance in the interpretation of single-particle spectroscopy data, and establishes the surface of cuprates and other complex oxides as a rich playground for the study of electronically soft phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rosen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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7
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Handayani IP, Tobey RI, Janusonis J, Mazurenko DA, Mufti N, Nugroho AA, Tjia MO, Palstra TTM, van Loosdrecht PHM. Dynamics of photo-excited electrons in magnetically ordered TbMnO3. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:116007. [PMID: 23422011 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/11/116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Time resolved optical spectroscopy is used to elucidate the dynamics of photodoped spin-aligned carriers in the presence of an underlying magnetic lattice in the multiferroic compound TbMnO(3). The transient responses while probing d-d intersite transitions show marked differences along different crystallographic directions, which are discussed in terms of the interplay between the processes of hopping of the photo-injected electrons and the magnetic order in the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Handayani
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mufti N, Nugroho AA, Blake GR, Palstra TTM. Magnetodielectric coupling in frustrated spin systems: the spinels MCr₂O₄ (M = Mn, Co and Ni). J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:075902. [PMID: 21386397 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/7/075902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the magnetodieletric coupling of polycrystalline samples of the spinels MCr(2)O(4) (M = Mn, Co and Ni). Dielectric anomalies are clearly observed at the onset of the magnetic spiral structure (T(s)) and at the 'lock-in' transition (T(f)) in MnCr(2)O(4) and CoCr(2)O(4), and also at the onset of the canted structure (T(s)) in NiCr(2)O(4). The strength of the magnetodielectric coupling in this system can be explained by spin-orbit coupling. Moreover, the dielectric response in an applied magnetic field scales with the square of the magnetization for all three samples. Thus, the magnetodielectric coupling in this state appears to originate from the P(2)M(2) term in the free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mufti
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Adem U, Mostovoy M, Bellido N, Nugroho AA, Simon C, Palstra TTM. Scaling behavior of the magnetocapacitance of YbMnO(3). J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:496002. [PMID: 21836206 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/49/496002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We observe a seemingly complex magnetic field dependence of the dielectric constant of hexagonal YbMnO(3) near the spin ordering temperature. After rescaling, the data taken at different temperatures and magnetic fields collapse on a single curve describing the sharp anomaly in nonlinear magnetoelectric response at the magnetic transition. We show that this anomaly is a result of the competition between two magnetic phases. The scaling and the shape of the anomaly are explained using the phenomenological Landau description of the competing phases in hexagonal manganites.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Adem
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Mufti N, Blake GR, Nugroho AA, Palstra TTM. Magnetic field induced ferroelectric to relaxor crossover in Tb(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3). J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:452203. [PMID: 21694003 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/45/452203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The influence of magnetic field on the electrical properties of Tb(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3) has been investigated by means of dielectric, polarization and neutron diffraction measurements. A field of 6 T applied along the b-axis induces a crossover from ferroelectric to relaxor behavior for the x = 0.02 compound at temperatures close to the ferroelectric transition. The mechanism of this field induced crossover involves a decrease in the coherence length of the Mn-spin-spiral structure due to increasing electron hopping rates associated with double exchange. Moreover, a large negative magnetocapacitance is observed at the freezing temperature for x = 0.05, which originates from suppression of the relaxor state and thus represents a new mechanism of magnetocapacitance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mufti
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Nénert G, Palstra TTM. Magnetoelectric and multiferroic properties of ternary copper chalcogenides Cu(2)M(II)M(IV)S(4). J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:176002. [PMID: 21825438 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/17/176002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the ternary copper chalcogenides with the general formula Cu(2)M(II)M(IV)S(4). This family of compounds can crystallize in two different non-centrosymmetric structures, [Formula: see text] or Pnm 2(1). We show that all the reported members of Cu(2)M(II)M(IV)S(4) having the Pnm 2(1) symmetry exhibit a large spontaneous polarization. This result suggests that several of these materials are likely to be multiferroics since they order magnetically at low temperature. We discuss in detail in the framework of Landau theory the members Cu(2)MnSnS(4) and Cu(2)MnGeS(4) which should present both a linear magnetoelectric effect and multiferroic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nénert
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. CEA-Grenoble INAC/SPSMS/MDN, 17 rue des martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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v. Laarhoven HA, Flipse CFJ, Koeberg M, Bonn M, Hendry E, Orlandi G, Jurchescu OD, Palstra TTM, Troisi A. On the mechanism of charge transport in pentacene. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:044704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2955462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shokaryev I, Buurma AJC, Jurchescu OD, Uijttewaal MA, de Wijs GA, Palstra TTM, de Groot RA. Electronic Band Structure of Tetracene−TCNQ and Perylene−TCNQ Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:2497-502. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0753777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Shokaryev
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Electronic Structure of Materials, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. J. C. Buurma
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Electronic Structure of Materials, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O. D. Jurchescu
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Electronic Structure of Materials, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Uijttewaal
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Electronic Structure of Materials, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G. A. de Wijs
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Electronic Structure of Materials, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T. T. M. Palstra
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Electronic Structure of Materials, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R. A. de Groot
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Electronic Structure of Materials, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We use symmetry considerations in order to predict new magnetoelectric fluorides. In addition to these magnetoelectric properties, we discuss which among these fluorides are the ones susceptible to present multiferroic properties. We emphasize that several materials exhibit ferromagnetic properties. This ferromagnetism should enhance the interplay between the magnetic and dielectric properties in these materials.
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Nénert G, Ren Y, Pollet M, Hauback B, de Moreira IPR, Marinel S, Stokes HT, Palstra TTM. Proper ferroelectric transition in the multiferroic YMnO 3. Acta Crystallogr A 2006. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767306097571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sage MH, Blake GR, Nieuwenhuys GJ, Palstra TTM. Evidence for electronic phase separation between orbital orderings in SmVO3. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:036401. [PMID: 16486741 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.036401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report evidence for phase coexistence of orbital orderings of different symmetry in SmVO3 by high resolution x-ray powder diffraction. The phase coexistence is triggered by an antiferromagnetic ordering of the vanadium spins near 130 K, below an initial orbital ordering near 200 K. The phase coexistence is the result of the intermediate ionic size of samarium coupled to exchange striction at the vanadium spin ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Sage
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Klimin SA, Fausti D, Meetsma A, Bezmaternykh LN, van Loosdrecht PHM, Palstra TTM. Evidence for differentiation in the iron-helicoidal chain in GdFe3(BO3)4. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci 2005; 61:481-5. [PMID: 16186647 DOI: 10.1107/s0108768105017362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A single-crystal X-ray structure study of gadolinium triiron tetraborate, GdFe_3(BO_3)_4, at room temperature and at 90 K is reported. At room temperature GdFe_3(BO_3)_4 crystallizes in a trigonal space group, R32 (No. 155), the same as found for other members of the iron borate family RFe_3(BO_3)_4. At 90 K the structure of GdFe_3(BO_3)_4 transforms to the space group P3_{1}21 (No. 152). The low-temperature structure determination gives new insight into the weakly first-order structural phase transition at 156 K and into the related Raman phonon anomalies. The presence of two inequivalent iron chains in the low-temperature structure provides a new perspective on the interpretation of the low-temperature magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Klimin
- Material Science Center, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Vollmer A, Jurchescu OD, Arfaoui I, Salzmann I, Palstra TTM, Rudolf P, Niemax J, Pflaum J, Rabe JP, Koch N. The effect of oxygen exposure on pentacene electronic structure. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2005; 17:339-43. [PMID: 15968478 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2005-10012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We use ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the effect of oxygen and air exposure on the electronic structure of pentacene single crystals and thin films. It is found that O(2) and water do not react noticeably with pentacene, whereas singlet oxygen/ozone readily oxidize the organic compound. Also, we obtain no evidence for considerable p-type doping of pentacene by O(2) at low pressure. However, oxygen exposure lowers the hole injection barrier at the interface between Au and pentacene by 0.25 eV, presumably due to a modification of the Au surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vollmer
- Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Berlin, Germany
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Haddon RC, Chi X, Itkis ME, Anthony JE, Eaton DL, Siegrist T, Mattheus CC, Palstra TTM. Band Electronic Structure of One- and Two-Dimensional Pentacene Molecular Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0207937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Haddon
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Department of Chemistry, Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - X. Chi
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Department of Chemistry, Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. E. Itkis
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Department of Chemistry, Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. E. Anthony
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Department of Chemistry, Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D. L. Eaton
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Department of Chemistry, Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Siegrist
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Department of Chemistry, Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C. C. Mattheus
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Department of Chemistry, Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. T. M. Palstra
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, Department of Chemistry, Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Materials Science Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Eerenstein W, Palstra TTM, Saxena SS, Hibma T. Spin-polarized transport across sharp antiferromagnetic boundaries. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:247204. [PMID: 12059330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.247204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2001] [Revised: 03/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report spin-polarized transport experiments across antiphase domain boundaries which act as atomically sharp magnetic interfaces. The antiphase boundaries are prepared by growing Fe(3)O(4) epitaxially on MgO, the magnetic coupling over a large fraction of these boundaries being antiferromagnetic. Magnetoresistance measurements yield linear and quadratic field dependence up to the anisotropy field for fields applied parallel and perpendicular to the film plane, respectively. This behavior can be explained by a hopping model in which spin-polarized electrons traverse an antiferromagnetic interface between two ferromagnetic chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Eerenstein
- Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Cordes AW, Haddon RC, Hicks RG, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM, Schneemeyer LF, Waszczak JV. Preparation and solid-state structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the 1,3,5-benzene-bridged tris(1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl)[1,3,5-C6H3(CN2S2)3]. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00039a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Andrews MP, Cordes AW, Douglass DC, Fleming RM, Glarum SH, Haddon RC, Marsh P, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM. One-dimensional stacking of bifunctional dithia- and diselenadiazolyl radicals: preparation and structural and electronic properties of 1,3-[(E2N2C)C6H4(CN2E2)] (E = sulfur, selenium). J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00009a051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bryan CD, Cordes AW, Haddon RC, Hicks RG, Kennepohl DK, MacKinnon CD, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM, Perel AS, et al... Molecular conductors from neutral-radical charge-transfer salts: preparation and characterization of an I doped hexagonal phase of 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl ([HCN2S2].bul.). J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00083a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cordes AW, Haddon RC, Hicks RG, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM, Schneemeyer LF, Waszczak JV. Polymorphism of 1,3-phenylene bis(diselenadiazolyl). Solid-state structural and electronic properties of .beta.-1,3-[(Se2N2C)C6H4(CN2Se2)]. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00031a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cordes AW, Haddon RC, Hicks RG, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM. Preparation and solid-state structures of (cyanophenyl)dithia- and (cyanophenyl)diselenadiazolyl radicals. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00036a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bryan CD, Cordes AW, Fleming RM, George NA, Glarum SH, Haddon RC, MacKinnon CD, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM, Perel AS. Charge Transfer Salts of Benzene-Bridged 1,2,3,5-Dithiadiazolyl Diradicals. Preparation, Structures, and Transport Properties of 1,3- and 1,4-[(S2N2C)C6H4(CN2S2)][X] (X = I, Br). J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00131a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Palstra TTM, Werij HGC, Nieuwenhuys GJ, Mydosh JA, Boer FRD, Buschow KHJ. Metamagnetic transitions in cubic La(FexAl1-x)13intermetallic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/14/8/024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Meetsma A, de Boer JL, Damascelli A, Jegoudez J, Revcolevschi A, Palstra TTM. Inversion Symmetry in the Spin-Peierls Compound α'-NaV2O5. Acta Crystallogr C 1998. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270198004855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Barclay TM, Cordes AW, de Laat RH, Goddard JD, Haddon RC, Jeter DY, Mawhinney RC, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM, Patenaude GW, Reed RW, Westwood NPC. The Heterocyclic Diradical Benzo-1,2:4,5-bis(1,3,2-dithiazolyl). Electronic, Molecular and Solid State Structure. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9636294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Barclay
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - A. W. Cordes
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. H. de Laat
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - J. D. Goddard
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. C. Haddon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - D. Y. Jeter
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. C. Mawhinney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. T. Oakley
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - T. T. M. Palstra
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - G. W. Patenaude
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. W. Reed
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - N. P. C. Westwood
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada, and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
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Bryan CD, Cordes AW, Goddard JD, Haddon RC, Hicks RG, MacKinnon CD, Mawhinney RC, Oakley RT, Palstra TTM, Perel AS. Preparation and Characterization of the Disjoint Diradical 4,4‘-Bis(1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl) [S2N2C−CN2S2] and Its Iodine Charge Transfer Salt [S2N2C−CN2S2][I]. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja952144x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Bryan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - A. W. Cordes
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - J. D. Goddard
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - R. C. Haddon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - R. G. Hicks
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - C. D. MacKinnon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - R. C. Mawhinney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - R. T. Oakley
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - T. T. M. Palstra
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
| | - A. S. Perel
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and AT&T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974
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Haddon RC, Hebard AF, Rosseinsky MJ, Murphy DW, Glarum SH, Palstra TTM, Ramirez AP, Duclos SJ, Fleming RM, Siegrist T, Tycko R. Conductivity and Superconductivity in Alkali Metal Doped C60. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-1992-0481.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Haddon
- AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974—2070
| | - A. F. Hebard
- AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974—2070
| | | | - D. W. Murphy
- AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974—2070
| | - S. H. Glarum
- AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974—2070
| | | | | | - S. J. Duclos
- AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974—2070
| | | | - T. Siegrist
- AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974—2070
| | - R. Tycko
- AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974—2070
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