1
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Rosa GM, Bosch J, Martel A, Pasmans F, Rebelo R, Griffiths RA, Garner TWJ. Sex‐biased disease dynamics increase extinction risk by impairing population recovery. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. M. Rosa
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent CanterburyKent UK
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent's ParkLondon UK
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C)Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - J. Bosch
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSIC Madrid Spain
| | - A. Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - F. Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - R. Rebelo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C)Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - R. A. Griffiths
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent CanterburyKent UK
| | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent's ParkLondon UK
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Doherty‐Bone TM, Cunningham AA, Fisher MC, Garner TWJ, Ghosh P, Gower DJ, Verster R, Weldon C. Amphibian chytrid fungus in Africa – realigning hypotheses and the research paradigm. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Doherty‐Bone
- Conservation Programs Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Edinburgh UK
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
| | | | - M. C. Fisher
- School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK
| | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - P. Ghosh
- School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - D. J. Gower
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
| | - R. Verster
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - C. Weldon
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
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Daversa DR, Fenton A, Dell AI, Garner TWJ, Manica A. Infections on the move: how transient phases of host movement influence disease spread. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1807. [PMID: 29263283 PMCID: PMC5745403 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal movement impacts the spread of human and wildlife diseases, and there is significant interest in understanding the role of migrations, biological invasions and other wildlife movements in spatial infection dynamics. However, the influence of processes acting on infections during transient phases of host movement is poorly understood. We propose a conceptual framework that explicitly considers infection dynamics during transient phases of host movement to better predict infection spread through spatial host networks. Accounting for host transient movement captures key processes that occur while hosts move between locations, which together determine the rate at which hosts spread infections through networks. We review theoretical and empirical studies of host movement and infection spread, highlighting the multiple factors that impact the infection status of hosts. We then outline characteristics of hosts, parasites and the environment that influence these dynamics. Recent technological advances provide disease ecologists unprecedented ability to track the fine-scale movement of organisms. These, in conjunction with experimental testing of the factors driving infection dynamics during host movement, can inform models of infection spread based on constituent biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Daversa
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK .,Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - A Fenton
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - A I Dell
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Centre (NGRREC), East Alton, IL 62024, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - T W J Garner
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - A Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London UK
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Evans DM, Altwegg R, Garner TWJ, Gompper ME, Gordon IJ, Johnson JA, Pettorelli N. Biodiversity offsetting: what are the challenges, opportunities and research priorities for animal conservation? Anim Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Evans
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences; University of Hull; Hull UK
| | - R. Altwegg
- Department of Statistical Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London UK
| | - M. E. Gompper
- School of Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| | | | - J. A. Johnson
- Institute of Applied Sciences; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton TX USA
| | - N. Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London UK
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Martel A, Blooi M, Adriaensen C, Van Rooij P, Beukema W, Fisher MC, Farrer RA, Schmidt BR, Tobler U, Goka K, Lips KR, Muletz C, Zamudio KR, Bosch J, Lötters S, Wombwell E, Garner TWJ, Cunningham AA, Spitzen-van der Sluijs A, Salvidio S, Ducatelle R, Nishikawa K, Nguyen TT, Kolby JE, Van Bocxlaer I, Bossuyt F, Pasmans F. Wildlife disease. Recent introduction of a chytrid fungus endangers Western Palearctic salamanders. Science 2014; 346:630-1. [PMID: 25359973 DOI: 10.1126/science.1258268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are reducing biodiversity on a global scale. Recently, the emergence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans resulted in rapid declines in populations of European fire salamanders. Here, we screened more than 5000 amphibians from across four continents and combined experimental assessment of pathogenicity with phylogenetic methods to estimate the threat that this infection poses to amphibian diversity. Results show that B. salamandrivorans is restricted to, but highly pathogenic for, salamanders and newts (Urodela). The pathogen likely originated and remained in coexistence with a clade of salamander hosts for millions of years in Asia. As a result of globalization and lack of biosecurity, it has recently been introduced into naïve European amphibian populations, where it is currently causing biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - M Blooi
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Adriaensen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Van Rooij
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W Beukema
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal
| | - M C Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - R A Farrer
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - B R Schmidt
- Koordinationsstelle für amphibien- und reptilienschutz in der Schweiz (KARCH), Passage Maximilien-de-Meuron 6, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich. Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Tobler
- Koordinationsstelle für amphibien- und reptilienschutz in der Schweiz (KARCH), Passage Maximilien-de-Meuron 6, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich. Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Goka
- Invasive Alien Species Research Team, National Institute for Environment Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - K R Lips
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - C Muletz
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - K R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J Bosch
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones cientificas (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Lötters
- Biogeography Department, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - E Wombwell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Kent CT2 7NR, UK. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - T W J Garner
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - A A Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - A Spitzen-van der Sluijs
- Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation the Netherlands (RAVON), Post Office Box 1413, 6501 BK Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - S Salvidio
- Department of Earth Science, Environmental and Life (Di.S.T.A.V.), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - T T Nguyen
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - J E Kolby
- James Cook University, One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Van Bocxlaer
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Bossuyt
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Gordon IJ, Evans DM, Garner TWJ, Katzner T, Gompper ME, Altwegg R, Branch TA, Johnson JA, Pettorelli N. Enhancing communication between conservation biologists and conservation practitioners: Letter from the Conservation Front Line. Anim Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. J. Gordon
- James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie; Dundee Scotland UK
| | - D. M. Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Hull; Hull UK
| | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London UK
| | - T. Katzner
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV USA
| | - M. E. Gompper
- School of Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| | - R. Altwegg
- Department of Statistical Sciences; University of Cape Town; South Africa
| | - T. A. Branch
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - J. A. Johnson
- Institute of Applied Sciences; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton TX USA
| | - N. Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London UK
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Katzner T, Johnson JA, Evans DM, Garner TWJ, Gompper ME, Altwegg R, Branch TA, Gordon IJ, Pettorelli N. Challenges and opportunities for animal conservation from renewable energy development. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. A. Johnson
- Institute of Applied Sciences; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton; TX; USA
| | - D. M. Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Hull; Hull; UK
| | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - M. E. Gompper
- School of Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO; USA
| | | | - T. A. Branch
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle; WA; USA
| | - I. J. Gordon
- James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie; Dundee; Scotland; UK
| | - N. Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
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9
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Bielby J, Bovero S, Angelini C, Favelli M, Gazzaniga E, Perkins M, Sotgiu G, Tessa G, Garner TWJ. Geographic and taxonomic variation inBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisinfection and transmission within a highly endemic amphibian community. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Bovero
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non-profit Association for Wildlife Conservation; Strada Vicinale; Filigheddu 62/C; 07100; Sassari; Italy
| | - C. Angelini
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non-profit Association for Wildlife Conservation; Strada Vicinale; Filigheddu 62/C; 07100; Sassari; Italy
| | - M. Favelli
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non-profit Association for Wildlife Conservation; Strada Vicinale; Filigheddu 62/C; 07100; Sassari; Italy
| | - E. Gazzaniga
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non-profit Association for Wildlife Conservation; Strada Vicinale; Filigheddu 62/C; 07100; Sassari; Italy
| | - M. Perkins
- The Institute of Zoology; The Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park; London; NW1 4RY; UK
| | - G. Sotgiu
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non-profit Association for Wildlife Conservation; Strada Vicinale; Filigheddu 62/C; 07100; Sassari; Italy
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Pettorelli N, Evans DM, Garner TWJ, Katzner T, Gompper ME, Altwegg R, Branch TA, Johnson JA, Acevedo-Whitehouse K, DaVolls L, Rantanen E, Gordon IJ. Addressing gender imbalances inAnimal Conservation. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - D. M. Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Hull; Hull; UK
| | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - T. Katzner
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources; West Virginia University; Morgantown; WV; USA
| | - M. E. Gompper
- School of Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO; USA
| | - R. Altwegg
- South African National Biodiversity Institute; South Africa and Animal Demography; Department of Zoology; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch; South Africa
| | - T. A. Branch
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle; WA; USA
| | - J. A. Johnson
- Institute of Applied Sciences; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton; TX; USA
| | | | - L. DaVolls
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - E. Rantanen
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - I. J. Gordon
- The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie; Dundee; Scotland; UK
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11
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Evans DM, Barnard P, Koh LP, Chapman CA, Altwegg R, Garner TWJ, Gompper ME, Gordon IJ, Katzner TE, Pettorelli N. Funding nature conservation: who pays? Anim Conserv 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Hull; Hull; UK
| | | | - L. P. Koh
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems; ETH Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - C. A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology & McGill School of Environment; McGill University; Montreal; Canada
| | | | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - M. E. Gompper
- School of Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO; USA
| | | | - T. E. Katzner
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources; West Virginia University; Morgantown; WV; USA
| | - N. Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
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Gordon IJ, Acevedo-Whitehouse K, Altwegg R, Garner TWJ, Gompper ME, Katzner TE, Pettorelli N, Redpath S. What the ‘food security’ agenda means for animal conservation in terrestrial ecosystems. Anim Conserv 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Altwegg
- South African National Biodiversity Institute; Cape Town; Rondebosch; South Africa
| | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - M. E. Gompper
- School of Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO; USA
| | - T. E. Katzner
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources; West Virginia University; Morgantown; WV; USA
| | - N. Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - S. Redpath
- Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability (ACES); University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen; UK
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Donnelly RE, Katzner T, Gordon IJ, Gompper ME, Redpath S, Garner TWJ, Altwegg R, Reed DH, Acevedo-Whitehouse K, Pettorelli N. Putting the eco back in ecotourism. Anim Conserv 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Martel A, Van Rooij P, Vercauteren G, Baert K, Van Waeyenberghe L, Debacker P, Garner TWJ, Woeltjes T, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F. Developing a safe antifungal treatment protocol to eliminateBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisfrom amphibians. Med Mycol 2011; 49:143-9. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.508185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Reyers B, Pettorelli N, Katzner T, Gompper ME, Redpath S, Garner TWJ, Altwegg R, Reed DH, Gordon IJ. Animal conservation and ecosystem services: garnering the support of mightier forces. Anim Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Garner TWJ, Hero JM, Jehle R, Kraus F, Muths E, Reed RN, Vogt RC, Hödl W. The World Congress of Herpetology and Animal Conservation: excerpts from the 6th World Congress. Anim Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pettorelli N, Gordon IJ, Katzner T, Gompper ME, Mock K, Redpath S, Garner TWJ, Altwegg R. Protected areas: the challenge of maintaining a strong backbone for conservation strategies worldwide. Anim Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Blackburn TM, Pettorelli N, Katzner T, Gompper ME, Mock K, Garner TWJ, Altwegg R, Redpath S, Gordon IJ. Dying for conservation: eradicating invasive alien species in the face of opposition. Anim Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gordon IJ, Pettorelli N, Katzner T, Gompper ME, Mock K, Redpath S, Garner TWJ, Altwegg R. International year of biodiversity: missed targets and the need for better monitoring, real action and global policy. Anim Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Skerratt LF, Garner TWJ, Hyatt AD. Determining causality and controlling disease is based on collaborative research involving multidisciplinary approaches. Ecohealth 2009; 6:331-4. [PMID: 20336346 PMCID: PMC7087993 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-010-0292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of infectious disease to facilitate better control requires observational and experimental studies. Often these must be conducted at many scales such as at the molecular, cellular, organism, and population level. Studies need to consider both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the pathogen/host interaction. They also require a combination of study methods covered by disciplines such as pathology, epidemiology, microbiology, and ecology. Therefore, it is important that disciplines work together when designing and conducting studies. Finally, we need to integrate and interpret data across levels and disciplines to better formulate control strategies. This requires another group of specialists with broad cross-disciplinary training in epidemiology and an ability to readily work with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Skerratt
- Amphibian Disease Ecology Group, Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Group, Anton Breinl Centre, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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Garner TWJ, Garcia G, Carroll B, Fisher MC. Using itraconazole to clear Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection, and subsequent depigmentation of Alytes muletensis tadpoles. Dis Aquat Organ 2009; 83:257-260. [PMID: 19402457 DOI: 10.3354/dao02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a global threat to amphibian biodiversity. Current calls for conservation through captive breeding require that efficient and reliable antifungal treatments be developed for target species. Here we confirm that the antifungal itraconazole is an effective treatment for infection in larval Alytes muletensis. Exceptionally low doses applied as few as 7 times were effective at clearing infection from tadpoles for up to 28 d after treatment. However, we cannot recommend itraconazole as a treatment for this species as depigmentation of tadpoles was observed. Further research is required to determine the putative hepatotoxicity of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W J Garner
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
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Abstract
Relating geographic variation in quantitative traits to underlying population structure is crucial for understanding processes driving population differentiation, isolation and ultimately speciation. Our study represents a comprehensive population genetic survey of the yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria, an important model organism for evolutionary and ecological studies, over a broad geographic scale across Europe (10 populations from the Swiss Alps to Iceland). We simultaneously assessed differentiation in five quantitative traits (body size, development time, growth rate, proportion of diapausing individuals and duration of diapause), to compare differentiation in neutral marker loci (F(ST)) to that of quantitative traits (Q(ST)). Despite long distances and uninhabitable areas between sampled populations, population structuring was very low but significant (F(ST) = 0.007, 13 microsatellite markers; F(ST) = 0.012, three allozyme markers; F(ST) = 0.007, markers combined). However, only two populations (Iceland and Sweden) showed significant allelic differentiation to all other populations. We estimated high levels of gene flow [effective number of migrants (Nm) = 6.2], there was no isolation by distance, and no indication of past genetic bottlenecks (i.e. founder events) and associated loss of genetic diversity in any northern or island population. In contrast to the low population structure, quantitative traits were strongly genetically differentiated among populations, following latitudinal clines, suggesting that selection is responsible for life history differentiation in yellow dung flies across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Demont
- Zoological Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Garner TWJ, Gregory PT. Tests of aggregative preferences of wandering salamanders (Aneides vagrans). Acta Ethol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-006-0014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cunningham AA, Garner TWJ, Aguilar-Sanchez V, Banks B, Foster J, Sainsbury AW, Perkins M, Walker SF, Hyatt AD, Fisher MC. Emergence of amphibian chytridiomycosis in Britain. Vet Rec 2005; 157:386-7. [PMID: 16183899 DOI: 10.1136/vr.157.13.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
The evolution of polyandry remains controversial. This is because, unlike males, in many cases multiple mating by females does not increase fecundity and inevitably involves some costs. As a result, a large number of indirect benefit models have been proposed to explain polyandry. One of these, the good sperm hypothesis, posits that high-quality males are better sperm competitors and sire higher-quality offspring. Hence, by mating multiply, females produce offspring of superior quality. Despite being potentially widely applicable across species, this idea has received little attention. In a laboratory experiment with yellow dung flies ( Scathophaga stercoraria ) we found that males that were more successful in sperm competition also had offspring that developed faster. There was no relationship between paternal success in sperm competition and the ability of offspring to survive post-emergence starvation. Since faster development times are likely to be advantageous in this species, our data provide some support for polyandry evolving as a means of producing higher-quality offspring via sperm competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hosken
- Zoology Museum, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.
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Schlosser JA, Garner TWJ, Dubach JM, McElligott AG. Characterization of microsatellite loci in Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) and cross-amplification in other penguin species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hosken DJ, Blanckenhorn WU, Garner TWJ. Heteropopulation males have a fertilization advantage during sperm competition in the yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria). Proc Biol Sci 2002; 269:1701-7. [PMID: 12204131 PMCID: PMC1691078 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual conflict occurs whenever there is not strict genetic monogamy. The sexually antagonistic coevolution that potentially occurs because of this conflict involves adaptation by one sex followed by the counter-adaptation by the other, and may be thought of as an evolutionary arms-race. As a result of these cycles of antagonistic coevolution, females from one population may be less resistant to heteropopulation males, at least after short periods of allopatry, as they will not have evolved any resistance to them. We tested this prediction in yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria) populations from the UK and Switzerland. Males from each population mated as first and second males to females from each population, and the mean numbers of offspring sired by the last male to mate in each situation were compared. We also compared the fertility and fecundity of single females mated to males from both populations, as well as the fertility and fecundity of the F(1) crosses. Both crosses produced viable and fertile offspring and the offspring sex ratios were not skewed. However, the fecundity of F(1)-cross females was greater than that of the parentals. In the sperm-competition experiment, there was a significant interaction between male and female origin influencing the proportion of offspring sired by the second male to mate, with heteropopulation males always outcompeting conpopulation males. This effect was independent of copula duration and the delay between copulations. In a separate experiment, we tested to see whether this was due to female preference for genetically dissimilar males but found no evidence for paternity biasing based on genetic similarity. Our results therefore seem to be best explained by sexually antagonistic coevolution as females appear less resistant to males with which they have not coevolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hosken
- Zoological Museum, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland.
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