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Alemu B, Molla MD, Tezera H, Dekebo A, Asmamaw T. Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Bersama abyssinica F. seed extracts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6345. [PMID: 38491116 PMCID: PMC10943032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants can be potential sources of therapeutic agents. Traditional healers use a medicinal plant from Ethiopia, Bersama abyssinica Fresen, to treat various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical components and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of B. abyssinica seed extracts (BASE). Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the phytochemical compositions of BASE. The antioxidant activities were assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) assay, ferric chloride reducing assay and hydroxyl scavenging capacity assay. Antimicrobial activity was investigated using the agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, glycosides, tannins, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 30 volatile compounds; α-pinene (23.85%), eucalyptol (20.74%), β-pinene (5.75%), D-limonene (4.05%), and o-cymene (5.02%). DPPH-induced free radical scavenging (IC50 = 8.78), TBARS (IC50 = 0.55 µg/mL), and hydroxyl radicals' scavenging capacities assays (IC50 = 329.23) demonstrated high antioxidant effects of BASE. Reducing power was determined based on Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation in the presence of extract. BASE was found to show promising antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (zone of inhibition 15.7 ± 2.5 mm, 16.0 ± 0.0 mm, and 16.7 ± 1.5 mm, respectively), but excellent antifungal activities against C. albican and M. furfur (zone of inhibition 22.0 ± 2.0 mm and 22.0 ± 4.0 mm, respectively). The seeds of B. abyssinica grown in Ethiopia possess high antioxidant potential, promising antibacterial and superior antifungal activity. Therefore, seeds of B. abyssinica provide a potential source for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belayhun Alemu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hiwot Tezera
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Dekebo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mesele M, Asmare G, Ambaw G, Asmamaw M, Abdu M, Chekol E, Tenaw D, Fenta S, Asmamaw T, Aderajew M, Mengist A, Solomon Y, Bantie B, Alebachew W, Atnafu N. Correlates of ART attrition among adults under antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia, retrospective cohort study. AIDS Care 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38157365 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2293758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
High attrition rates from ART are the primary contributors to morbidity, death, hospitalisation, rising transmission rates, treatment failure, rising burden of opportunistic infections (OIs), and the evolution of HIV-virus resistance (HIVDR). In Sub-Saharan Africa, more than two-thirds of ART patients will not receive continuous care. There is little information about the correlates that contribute to attrition from ART services among ART patients in Southern Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to identify correlates of attrition from antiretroviral therapy services for adults under antiretroviral therapy at Otona Teaching and Referral Hospital, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. From 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017, a retrospective cohort analysis was performed. The pre-determined 328 medical records were chosen using a simple random sampling technique using computer-generated random numbers. Epi Info version 3.5.3 was used to enter and clean the data, which were then exported to STATA version 11 for analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model, both bivariate and multivariable, was used. Variables with p-values less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were considered candidates for multivariable analysis, and variables with p-values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically important in multivariable analysis. The intensity of the correlation and statistical significance were determined using the CHR, AHR, and 95 per cent confidence intervals. The magnitude of attrition from ART service was 21.60% (95% CI: 17.10, 26.10). The distance between home and hospital is more than five kilometres (AHR:3.84;95% CI: 1.99,7.38), no registered phone number (AHR:2.47;95%CI:1.32,4.09), have not taken isoniazid prophylaxis (AHR:2.23;95%CI:1.30,4.09), alcohol consumption (AHR: 1.77; 95% CI:1.01, 3.12), and had no caregiver (AHR: 2.11; 95% CI:1.23, 3.60) were statistically significant in the Cox proportional hazard model. Distance between home and hospital, phone number registration on follow-up chart, having a history of alcohol consumption, isoniazid prophylaxis provision, and having family support were independent correlates of attrition from antiretroviral treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molalegn Mesele
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Asmare
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Woliata Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Ambaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Woliata Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Asmamaw
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdu
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Denekew Tenaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sefineh Fenta
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Aderajew
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Mengist
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yenealem Solomon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Berihun Bantie
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Health sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Alebachew
- Department of Maternal and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Atnafu
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Tilahun A, Chekol E, Teklemaryam AB, Agidew MM, Tilahun Z, Admassu FT, Dagnaw N, Mengstie MA, Amsalu A, Mengistu EF, Akelew Y, Asmamaw T, Bantie B. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia among HAART treated and HAART naive HIV positive clients attending Debre Tabor Hospital, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11342. [PMID: 36387433 PMCID: PMC9649969 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Highly active anti-retroviral therapy has been reported to be associated with a number of side effects in human immunodeficiency virus patients among which dyslipidemia isa common metabolic disorder. Methods A Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study among 228 HIV positive patients was conducted from July to August 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Fasting venous blood sample was collected and analyzed for Lipid profiles. EDTA sample was analyzed for CD4+ T cell determination. Anthropometric measurement was done. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Independent t-test was done. Logistic and binary regression was done. Result A total of 228 HIV patients were enrolled in the study. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in HAART naive and HAART treated patients was 61 (53.5%) and 84 (73.7%), respectively. The prevalence of Total Cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl was 50% and 30%; High density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl was 43.8% and 36%; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl was 48.3% and 28.1%; and Triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl 59.6% and 39% among HAART treated and HAART naive, respectively. Age greater than 40 years (AOR = 3.27, 95% C.I: 1.47–7.25), blood pressure ≥140/90 (AOR = 16.13, 95% C.I: 5.81–44.75), being on HAART (AOR = 2.73, 95% C.I: 1.35–5.53) and body mass index >25 kg/m2 (AOR = 1.92, 95% C.I: 1.20–4.81) were identified as determinants of dyslipidemia. Conclusion The mean value of lipid profile was significantly higher among HAART treated as compared to those HAART naive HIV positive clients.
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Yenew C, Tadele F, Minuye B, Sisay E, Asmamaw T, Mulatu S, Demissie B. Raw cow milk nutritional content and microbiological quality predictors of South Gondar zone dairy farmers in Ethiopia, 2020. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11020. [PMID: 36276753 PMCID: PMC9582711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Raw milk is a good growth medium for microbes because of its neutral pH and nutrient content. In Ethiopia; few studies were done to assess the microbial quality of raw cow milk. But, none of them focused on the nutrient content of raw cow milk. Therefore; this study aimed at evaluating raw cow milk nutrient content and predictors of microbial quality of raw cow milk among milk in the dairy farmers of South Gondar zone (SGZ), Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2020. 160 randomly selected raw cow milk, water, and utensil samples each were collected for microbial analysis. Besides, nutrient content indicators such as TotalSolid (TS), and Specific Gravity (SG) were analyzed from milk samples. Sequentially, The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of millers were also assessed using a pretested structured questionnaire. Chi-square test and multiple linear regression models were used. Results The overall mean SG and TS of raw cow milk were 1.027 (95% CI, 1.013-1.039) and 12.55% (95%CI, 12.20%-12.89%) respectively.38.13% had the better nutrient content, and the rest, 61.87% of raw cow milk hadn't the better nutrient content. Besides, the mean (SD) in log CFU/100mL-1of the Escherichia coli count of raw cow milk was 15 (0.3). Educational status, milk handling experience, KAP of milkers, water microbial count, Nutrient content, and microbial load of milk utensils were independently predicted microbial quality of raw cow milk. Conclusions and implications The result signifies that the raw cow milk hadn't better nutrient content and the educational status and KAP of milkers, and the qualities of water were the major factors affecting the microbial quality of raw cow milk. It could greatly affect the Food and Nutrition Security of the country. Hence, measures should be taken to enhance the KAP of milkers for improving this enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalachew Yenew
- Social and Public Health Unit (Environmental Health), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
| | - Fitalew Tadele
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Medical Biochemistry), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Minuye
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Ermiyas Sisay
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Mulatu
- Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Demissie
- Social and Public Health Unit (Environmental Health), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Asmamaw T, Genet S, Menon M, Tarekegn G, Chekol E, Geto Z, Lejisa T, Habtu W, Getahun T, Tolcha Y. Early Detection of Renal Impairment Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through Evaluation of Serum Cystatin C in Comparison with Serum Creatinine Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4727-4735. [PMID: 33299336 PMCID: PMC7721116 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s279949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease caused by diabetes has progressively increased during the last few decades. Serum creatinine level is the most commonly used biochemical parameter to estimate GFR in routine practice. However, 50% of GFR can be lost before significant elevation of serum creatinine. Cystatin C is found to be a new promising marker for early detection of renal diseases. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to determine the value of serum cystatin C and serum creatinine levels for early detection of renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODOLOGY A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 120. For early detection of renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were measured and compared. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls. The mean±SD value of serum creatinine was found to be 0.87±0.44 mg/dL in patients and 0.63±0.27 mg/dL in control. Serum cystatin C level was also found to be significantly (P=0.0001) higher in patients (0.92±0.38 mg/L) compared to controls (0.52±0.20 mg/L). The mean±SD of eGFR in three equations (Creatinine Equation, Cystatin C Equation, and Creatinine-Cystatin C Equation) were 105.7±27.5 mL/min/m2, 90.4±28.2 mL/min/m2, and 100±29.5 mL/min/m2, respectively. CONCLUSION Cystatin C-based GFR estimation equations detect renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus earlier than creatinine-based GFR estimation equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Asmamaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Tadesse Asmamaw Email
| | - Solomon Genet
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Menakath Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Tarekegn
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Lejisa
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wossene Habtu
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Getahun
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Tolcha
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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