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Park SH, Helsley RN, Fadhul T, Willoughby JLS, Noetzli L, Tu HC, Solheim MH, Fujisaka S, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Bons J, Rose J, King CD, Schilling B, Lusis AJ, Pan C, Gupta M, Kulkarni RN, Fitzgerald K, Kern PA, Divanovic S, Kahn CR, Softic S. Fructose induced KHK-C can increase ER stress independent of its effect on lipogenesis to drive liver disease in diet-induced and genetic models of NAFLD. Metabolism 2023; 145:155591. [PMID: 37230214 PMCID: PMC10752375 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is estimated to affect one billion individuals worldwide. An increased intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk-factors for NAFLD development, but how their combined intake promotes progression to a more severe form of liver injury is unknown. Here we show that fructose metabolism via ketohexokinase (KHK) C isoform leads to unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress when coupled with a HFD intake. Conversely, a liver-specific knockdown of KHK in mice consuming fructose on a HFD is adequate to improve the NAFLD activity score and exert a profound effect on the hepatic transcriptome. Overexpression of KHK-C in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce ER stress in fructose free media. Upregulation of KHK-C is also observed in mice with genetically induced obesity or metabolic dysfunction, whereas KHK knockdown in these mice improves metabolic function. Additionally, in over 100 inbred strains of male or female mice hepatic KHK expression correlates positively with adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver triglycerides. Similarly, in 241 human subjects and their controls, hepatic Khk expression is upregulated in early, but not late stages of NAFLD. In summary, we describe a novel role of KHK-C in triggering ER stress, which offers a mechanistic understanding of how the combined intake of fructose and a HFD propagates the development of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Taghreed Fadhul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Leila Noetzli
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marie H Solheim
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Christina D King
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Park SH, Helsley RN, Fadhul T, Willoughby JL, Noetzli L, Tu HC, Solheim MH, Fujisaka S, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Bons J, Rose J, King CD, Schilling B, Lusis AJ, Pan C, Gupta M, Kulkarni RN, Fitzgerald K, Kern PA, Divanovic S, Kahn CR, Softic S. Fructose Induced KHK-C Increases ER Stress and Modulates Hepatic Transcriptome to Drive Liver Disease in Diet-Induced and Genetic Models of NAFLD. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.27.525605. [PMID: 36747758 PMCID: PMC9900898 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is estimated to affect one billion individuals worldwide. An increased intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk-factors for NAFLD development, but how their combined intake promotes progression to a more severe form of liver injury is unknown. Here we show that fructose metabolism via ketohexokinase (KHK) C isoform increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a dose dependent fashion, so when fructose is coupled with a HFD intake it leads to unresolved ER stress. Conversely, a liver-specific knockdown of KHK in C57BL/6J male mice consuming fructose on a HFD is adequate to improve the NAFLD activity score and exert a profound effect on the hepatic transcriptome. Overexpression of KHK-C in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce ER stress in fructose free media. Upregulation of KHK-C is also observed in genetically obesity ob/ob, db/db and lipodystrophic FIRKO male mice, whereas KHK knockdown in these mice improves metabolic function. Additionally, in over 100 inbred strains of male or female mice hepatic KHK expression correlates positively with adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver triglycerides. Similarly, in 241 human subjects and their controls, hepatic Khk expression is upregulated in early, but not late stages of NAFLD. In summary, we describe a novel role of KHK-C in triggering ER stress, which offers a mechanistic understanding of how the combined intake of fructose and a HFD propagates the development of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Robert N. Helsley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Taghreed Fadhul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | | | | | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA. 02142
| | - Marie H. Solheim
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan M. Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Jacob Rose
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Christina D. King
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Philip A. Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
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