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Patel AP, Sanders TK, Prakash P, Law J, Alvencar S, Choi A, Shah J, Patel K, Srivoleti P, Chauhan K, Weissman S, Holzwanger E, Dhingra R, Nguyen M, Kim D, Sidhu T, Stallwood C, Dickstein A, Parekh N, Altayar O, Ciorba MA, Yu J, Chen LA, Tabibian JH, Limketkai BN. Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Across the United States: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Gastro Hep Adv 2022; 1:909-915. [PMID: 35874930 PMCID: PMC9293374 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms occur among patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and there is clear evidence that SARS-CoV-2, the causative pathogen, infects the GI tract. In this large, multicenter cohort study, we evaluated variations in gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19 throughout the United States (US). Methods Patients hospitalized with a positive COVID-19 test prior to October 2020 were identified at 7 US academic centers. Demographics, presenting symptoms, laboratory data, and hospitalization outcomes were abstracted. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to evaluate GI manifestations and their potential predictors. Results Among 2031 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, GI symptoms were present in 18.9%; diarrhea was the most common (15.2%), followed by nausea and/or vomiting (12.6%) and abdominal pain (6.0%). GI symptoms were less common in the Western cohort (16.0%) than the Northeastern (25.6%) and Midwestern (26.7%) cohorts. Compared to nonintensive care unit (ICU) patients, ICU patients had a higher prevalence of abnormal aspartate aminotransferase (58.1% vs 37.3%; P < .01), alanine aminotransferase (37.5% vs 29.3%; P = .01), and total bilirubin (12.7% vs 9.0%; P < .01). ICU patients also had a higher mortality rate (22.7% vs 4.7%; P < .01). Chronic liver disease was associated with the development of GI symptoms. Abnormal aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase was associated with an increased risk of ICU admission. Conclusion We present the largest multicenter cohort of patients with COVID-19 across the United States. GI manifestations were common among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, although there was significant variability in prevalence and predictors across the United States.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence interval
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Coronavirus Disease 2019
- GI, gastrointestinal
- Gastrointestinal
- ICU, intensive care unit
- OR, odds ratio
- SARS-CoV-2
- SD, standard deviation
- UCLA, University of California Los Angeles
- aOR, adjusted odds ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur P. Patel
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Troy K. Sanders
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Preeti Prakash
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jade Law
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California
| | - Sujay Alvencar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyssa Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Janaki Shah
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Karishma Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Padmavathi Srivoleti
- Department of Medicine, Saint Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Brighton, Massachusetts
| | - Kirtan Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Simcha Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Erik Holzwanger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rohit Dhingra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Tahnee Sidhu
- Department of Medicine, Saint Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Brighton, Massachusetts
| | | | - Aaron Dickstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nimisha Parekh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Osama Altayar
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew A. Ciorba
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jessica Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lea Ann Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - James H. Tabibian
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California
| | - Berkeley N. Limketkai
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence: Address correspondence to: Berkeley N. Limketkai, MD, PhD, Westwood Digestive Diseases, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 345, Los Angeles, California 90024
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Dada R, Kumar R, Shamsi MB, Sidhu T, Mitra A, Singh S, Kumar R, Sharma RS, Gupta SK, Gupta NP. Azoospermia factor deletions in varicocele cases with severe oligozoospermia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [PMID: 17785886 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5359.34519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility. The etiology and pathophysiology of varicocele are multifactorial. When low sperm counts are associated with varicocele, varicocelectomy can partially restore spermatogenesis and fertility. Few recent studies have reported that in some varicocele cases, there may be an associated genetic etiology. Presence of a genetic factor like azoospermia factor microdeletions may lead to irreversible spermatogenic arrest in these cases, but very few reports support these findings. However, it is still not understood why some cases improve after varicocelectomy and why some cases show no improvement in semen parameters postoperatively. AIM It is important to distinguish varicocele cases from Yq microdeletions as these cases have irreversible testicular damage and thus carry a poor prognosis after varicocelectomy. SETTINGS Research and Referral tertiary care hospital. DESIGN Prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two infertile men with varicocele were referred for Yq microdeletion analysis from the infertility clinic of AIIMS and Army Research and Referral Hospital. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and polymerase chain reaction microdeletion screening was done in these cases to determine the presence or deletion of AZF loci. RESULTS In this study 7 (9.7%) varicocele cases harbored Yq microdeletion. The sperm count in cases which harbored Yq microdeletion was significantly lower than in cases without Yq microdeletion. CONCLUSION Varicocele cases with Yq microdeletion do not show improvement in semen parameters post-varicocelectomy. Detection of Yq microdeletion determines prognosis and future management in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Dada R, Kumar R, Shamsi MB, Sidhu T, Mitra A, Singh S, Kumar R, Sharma RS, Gupta SK, Gupta NP. Azoospermia factor deletions in varicocele cases with severe oligozoospermia. Indian J Med Sci 2007; 61:505-10. [PMID: 17785886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility. The etiology and pathophysiology of varicocele are multifactorial. When low sperm counts are associated with varicocele, varicocelectomy can partially restore spermatogenesis and fertility. Few recent studies have reported that in some varicocele cases, there may be an associated genetic etiology. Presence of a genetic factor like azoospermia factor microdeletions may lead to irreversible spermatogenic arrest in these cases, but very few reports support these findings. However, it is still not understood why some cases improve after varicocelectomy and why some cases show no improvement in semen parameters postoperatively. AIM It is important to distinguish varicocele cases from Yq microdeletions as these cases have irreversible testicular damage and thus carry a poor prognosis after varicocelectomy. SETTINGS Research and Referral tertiary care hospital. DESIGN Prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two infertile men with varicocele were referred for Yq microdeletion analysis from the infertility clinic of AIIMS and Army Research and Referral Hospital. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and polymerase chain reaction microdeletion screening was done in these cases to determine the presence or deletion of AZF loci. RESULTS In this study 7 (9.7%) varicocele cases harbored Yq microdeletion. The sperm count in cases which harbored Yq microdeletion was significantly lower than in cases without Yq microdeletion. CONCLUSION Varicocele cases with Yq microdeletion do not show improvement in semen parameters post-varicocelectomy. Detection of Yq microdeletion determines prognosis and future management in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Coward H, Sidhu T. Bioethics for clinicians: 19. Hinduism and Sikhism. CMAJ 2000; 163:1167-70. [PMID: 11079065 PMCID: PMC80253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hindus and Sikhs constitute important minority communities in Canada. Although their cultural and religious traditions have profound differences, they both traditionally take a duty-based rather than rights-based approach to ethical decision-making. These traditions also share a belief in rebirth, a concept of karma (in which experiences in one life influence experiences in future lives), an emphasis on the value of purity, and a holistic view of the person that affirms the importance of family, culture, environment and the spiritual dimension of experience. Physicians with Hindu and Sikh patients need to be sensitive to and respectful of the diversity of their cultural and religious assumptions regarding human nature, purity, health and illness, life and death, and the status of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Coward
- Centre for Studies in Religion and Society, University of Victoria, BC.
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Patel N, Smith CE, Pinchak AC, Sidhu T, Morscher A, Podugu RR, Hagen JF. Desflurane is not associated with faster operating room exit times in outpatients. J Clin Anesth 1996; 8:130-5. [PMID: 8695095 DOI: 10.1016/0952-8180(95)00197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of anesthetic technique and primary drug on operating room (OR) exit time (time between end of surgery until time patient exists the OR) after addition of desflurane to the hospital formulary. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Ambulatory surgery unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS 1,568 outpatients requiring anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS Addition of desflurane to the hospital formulary, and substitution of desflurane vaporizers for enflurane vaporizers in the ambulatory surgery unit. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The following information was recorded for all anesthetic encounters over a six-month time interval: demographics, duration of surgery, primary anesthetic technique, primary anesthetic drug, and exit times. General anesthesia was used in 907 patients [desflurane: 209 patients, isoflurane: 429 patients, halothane: 192 patients, propofol: 72 patients, other intravenous (i.v.): 5 patients], major conduction anesthesia (spinal and epidural) in 43 patients, peripheral nerve blocks in 90 patients, and i.v. sedation in 528 patients. The exit time was significantly greater ( < 0.05) in patients who received general anesthesia (mean +/- SEM 14 +/- 0.2 min) compared with spinal/epidural (8 +/- 0.7 min), nerve blocks (8 +/- 0.4 min) and i.v. sedation (7 +/- 0.2 min). Exit times were longer in older patients receiving general anesthesia (exit time = 12.3 + 0.04 x age, SE = 6.7 min, p < 0.0009), whereas exit times were shorter in older individuals receiving i.v. sedation (exit time = 8.97 - 0.038 x age, SE = 3.6 min, p < 0.0001). For patients receiving i.v. sedation, exit times were shorter as duration of surgery increased (exit time = 7.86 - 0.015 x duration of surgery, SE = 3.6 min, p < 0.0002). Primary anesthetic drug did not affect exit times. CONCLUSION Regional anesthesia and i.v. sedation were associated with faster OR exit times compared with general anesthesia. Despite desflurane's shorter elimination kinetics and recovery characteristics, use of this drug did not result in shorter exit times.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
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