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Rada P, Hrdý I, Zdrha A, Narayanasamy RK, Smutná T, Horáčková J, Harant K, Beneš V, Ong SC, Tsai CY, Luo HW, Chiu CH, Tang P, Tachezy J. Double-Stranded RNA Viruses Are Released From Trichomonas vaginalis Inside Small Extracellular Vesicles and Modulate the Exosomal Cargo. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:893692. [PMID: 35602021 PMCID: PMC9114709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.893692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist that infects the human urogenital tract. During the infection, trichomonads adhere to the host mucosa, acquire nutrients from the vaginal/prostate environment, and release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that contribute to the trichomonad adherence and modulate the host-parasite communication. Approximately 40–70% of T. vaginalis strains harbor a double-stranded RNA virus called Trichomonasvirus (TVV). Naked TVV particles have the potential to stimulate a proinflammatory response in human cells, however, the mode of TVV release from trichomonads to the environment is not clear. In this report, we showed for the first time that TVV particles are released from T. vaginalis cells within sEVs. The sEVs loaded with TVV stimulated a higher proinflammatory response of human HaCaT cells in comparison to sEVs from TVV negative parasites. Moreover, a comparison of T. vaginalis isogenic TVV plus and TVV minus clones revealed a significant impact of TVV infection on the sEV proteome and RNA cargo. Small EVs from TVV positive trichomonads contained 12 enriched and 8 unique proteins including membrane-associated BspA adhesine, and about a 2.5-fold increase in the content of small regulatory tsRNA. As T. vaginalis isolates are frequently infected with TVV, the release of TVV via sEVs to the environment represents an important factor with the potential to enhance inflammation-related pathogenesis during trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Rada
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec (BIOCEV), Vestec, Czechia
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec (BIOCEV), Vestec, Czechia
| | - Alois Zdrha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec (BIOCEV), Vestec, Czechia
| | - Ravi Kumar Narayanasamy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec (BIOCEV), Vestec, Czechia
| | - Tamara Smutná
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec (BIOCEV), Vestec, Czechia
| | - Jana Horáčková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec (BIOCEV), Vestec, Czechia
| | - Karel Harant
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec (BIOCEV), Vestec, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Beneš
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seow-Chin Ong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Tsai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Luo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Petrus Tang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec (BIOCEV), Vestec, Czechia
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Ong SC, Cheng WH, Ku FM, Tsai CY, Huang PJ, Lee CC, Yeh YM, Rada P, Hrdý I, Narayanasamy RK, Smutná T, Lin R, Luo HW, Chiu CH, Tachezy J, Tang P. Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030531. [PMID: 35328084 PMCID: PMC8951798 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that the endosymbiotic Trichomonasvirus (TVV) may play a role in the pathogenesis and drug susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis. Several reports have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from TVV-positive (TVV+) trichomonads can modulate the immune response in human vaginal epithelial cells and animal models. These results prompted us to examine whether EVs released from TVV+ isolates contained TVV. We isolated small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from six T. vaginalis isolates that were either TVV free (ATCC 50143), harbored a single (ATCC 30236, ATCC 30238, T1), two (ATCC PRA-98), or three TVV subspecies (ATCC 50148). The presence of TVV subspecies in the six isolates was observed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of cup-shaped sEVs with a size range from 30–150 nm. Trichomonas vaginalis tetraspanin (TvTSP1; TVAG_019180), the classical exosome marker, was identified in all the sEV preparations. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that all the sEVs isolated from TVV+ isolates contain viral capsid proteins derived from the same TVV subspecies in that isolate as demonstrated by RT-PCR. To provide more comprehensive information on the TVV subspecies population in other T. vaginalis isolates, we investigated the distribution of TVV subspecies in twenty-four isolates by mining the New-Generation Sequencing (NGS) RNAseq datasets. Our results should be beneficial for future studies investigating the role of TVV on the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis and the possible transmission of virus subspecies among different isolates via sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seow-Chin Ong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-C.O.); (F.-M.K.); (C.-Y.T.); (R.L.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Wei-Hung Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Man Ku
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-C.O.); (F.-M.K.); (C.-Y.T.); (R.L.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Chih-Yu Tsai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-C.O.); (F.-M.K.); (C.-Y.T.); (R.L.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Po-Jung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Chi-Ching Lee
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Petr Rada
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic; (P.R.); (I.H.); (R.K.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic; (P.R.); (I.H.); (R.K.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Narayanasamy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic; (P.R.); (I.H.); (R.K.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Tamara Smutná
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic; (P.R.); (I.H.); (R.K.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Rose Lin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-C.O.); (F.-M.K.); (C.-Y.T.); (R.L.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Hong-Wei Luo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-C.O.); (F.-M.K.); (C.-Y.T.); (R.L.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic; (P.R.); (I.H.); (R.K.N.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Petrus Tang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-C.O.); (F.-M.K.); (C.-Y.T.); (R.L.); (H.-W.L.)
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (P.T.)
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Zimmann N, Rada P, Žárský V, Smutná T, Záhonová K, Dacks J, Harant K, Hrdý I, Tachezy J. Proteomic Analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis Phagolysosome, Lysosomal Targeting, and Unconventional Secretion of Cysteine Peptidases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100174. [PMID: 34763061 PMCID: PMC8717582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome represents a central degradative compartment of eukaryote cells, yet little is known about the biogenesis and function of this organelle in parasitic protists. Whereas the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P)-dependent system is dominant for lysosomal targeting in metazoans, oligosaccharide-independent sorting has been reported in other eukaryotes. In this study, we investigated the phagolysosomal proteome of the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, its protein targeting and the involvement of lysosomes in hydrolase secretion. The organelles were purified using Percoll and OptiPrep gradient centrifugation and a novel purification protocol based on the phagocytosis of lactoferrin-covered magnetic nanoparticles. The analysis resulted in a lysosomal proteome of 462 proteins, which were sorted into 21 classes. Hydrolases represented the largest functional class and included proteases, lipases, phosphatases, and glycosidases. Identification of a large set of proteins involved in vesicular trafficking (80) and turnover of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement (29) indicate a dynamic phagolysosomal compartment. Several cysteine proteases such as TvCP2 were previously shown to be secreted. Our experiments showed that secretion of TvCP2 was strongly inhibited by chloroquine, which increases intralysosomal pH, thus indicating that TvCP2 secretion occurs through lysosomes rather than the classical secretory pathway. Unexpectedly, we identified divergent homologues of the M6P receptor TvMPR in the phagolysosomal proteome, although T. vaginalis lacks enzymes for M6P formation. To test whether oligosaccharides are involved in lysosomal targeting, we selected the lysosome-resident cysteine protease CLCP, which possesses two glycosylation sites. Mutation of any of the sites redirected CLCP to the secretory pathway. Similarly, the introduction of glycosylation sites to secreted β-amylase redirected this protein to lysosomes. Thus, unlike other parasitic protists, T. vaginalis seems to utilize glycosylation as a recognition marker for lysosomal hydrolases. Our findings provide the first insight into the complexity of T. vaginalis phagolysosomes, their biogenesis, and role in the unconventional secretion of cysteine peptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Zimmann
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Rada
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Žárský
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Smutná
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Záhonová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Joel Dacks
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karel Harant
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Smutná T, Dohnálková A, Sutak R, Narayanasamy RK, Tachezy J, Hrdý I. A cytosolic ferredoxin-independent hydrogenase possibly mediates hydrogen uptake in Trichomonas vaginalis. Curr Biol 2021; 32:124-135.e5. [PMID: 34762819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonads, represented by the highly prevalent sexually transmitted human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, are anaerobic eukaryotes with hydrogenosomes in the place of the standard mitochondria. Hydrogenosomes form indispensable FeS-clusters, synthesize ATP, and release molecular hydrogen as a waste product. Hydrogen formation is catalyzed by [FeFe] hydrogenase, the hallmark enzyme of all hydrogenosomes found in various eukaryotic anaerobes. Eukaryotic hydrogenases were originally thought to be exclusively localized within organelles, but today few eukaryotic anaerobes are known that possess hydrogenase in their cytosol. We identified a thus-far unknown hydrogenase in T. vaginalis cytosol that cannot use ferredoxin as a redox partner but can use cytochrome b5 as an electron acceptor. Trichomonads overexpressing the cytosolic hydrogenase, while maintaining the carbon flux through hydrogenosomes, show decreased excretion of hydrogen and increased excretion of methylated alcohols, suggesting that the cytosolic hydrogenase uses the hydrogen gas as a source of reducing power for the reactions occurring in the cytoplasm and thus accounts for the overall redox balance. This is the first evidence of hydrogen uptake in a eukaryote, although further work is needed to confirm it. Assembly of the catalytic center of [FeFe] hydrogenases (H-cluster) requires the activity of three dedicated maturases, and these proteins in T. vaginalis are exclusively localized in hydrogenosomes, where they participate in the maturation of organellar hydrogenases. Despite the different subcellular localization of cytosolic hydrogenase and maturases, the H-cluster is present in the cytosolic enzyme, suggesting the existence of an alternative mechanism of H-cluster assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Smutná
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Dohnálková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Sutak
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Ravi Kumar Narayanasamy
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic.
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Štáfková J, Rada P, Meloni D, Žárský V, Smutná T, Zimmann N, Harant K, Pompach P, Hrdý I, Tachezy J. Dynamic secretome of Trichomonas vaginalis: Case study of β-amylases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:304-320. [PMID: 29233912 PMCID: PMC5795393 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretion of virulence factors by parasitic protists into the host environment plays a fundamental role in multifactorial host-parasite interactions. Several effector proteins are known to be secreted by Trichomonas vaginalis, a human parasite of the urogenital tract. However, a comprehensive profiling of the T. vaginalis secretome remains elusive, as do the mechanisms of protein secretion. In this study, we used high-resolution label-free quantitative MS to analyze the T. vaginalis secretome, considering that secretion is a time- and temperature-dependent process, to define the cutoff for secreted proteins. In total, we identified 2 072 extracellular proteins, 89 of which displayed significant quantitative increases over time at 37 °C. These 89 bona fide secreted proteins were sorted into 13 functional categories. Approximately half of the secreted proteins were predicted to possess transmembrane helixes. These proteins mainly include putative adhesins and leishmaniolysin-like metallopeptidases. The other half of the soluble proteins include several novel potential virulence factors, such as DNaseII, pore-forming proteins, and β-amylases. Interestingly, current bioinformatic tools predicted the secretory signal in only 18% of the identified T. vaginalis-secreted proteins. Therefore, we used β-amylases as a model to investigate the T. vaginalis secretory pathway. We demonstrated that two β-amylases (BA1 and BA2) are transported via the classical endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi pathways, and in the case of BA1, we showed that the protein is glycosylated with multiple N-linked glycans of Hex5HexNAc2 structure. The secretion was inhibited by brefeldin A but not by FLI-06. Another two β-amylases (BA3 and BA4), which are encoded in the T. vaginalis genome but absent from the secretome, were targeted to the lysosomal compartment. Collectively, under defined in vitro conditions, our analysis provides a comprehensive set of constitutively secreted proteins that can serve as a reference for future comparative studies, and it provides the first information about the classical secretory pathway in this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petr Rada
- From the ‡Department of Parasitology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Petr Pompach
- §Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v. v. i., BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- ¶Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- From the ‡Department of Parasitology
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Dumková J, Smutná T, Vrlíková L, Le Coustumer P, Večeřa Z, Dočekal B, Mikuška P, Čapka L, Fictum P, Hampl A, Buchtová M. Sub-chronic inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles revealed their broad distribution and tissue-specific subcellular localization in target organs. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:55. [PMID: 29268755 PMCID: PMC5740755 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is well known environmental pollutant, which can cause toxic effects in multiple organ systems. However, the influence of lead oxide nanoparticles, frequently emitted to the environment by high temperature technological processes, is still concealed. Therefore, we investigate lead oxide nanoparticle distribution through the body upon their entry into lungs and determine the microscopic and ultramicroscopic changes caused by the nanoparticles in primary and secondary target organs. METHODS Adult female mice (ICR strain) were continuously exposed to lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) with an average concentration approximately 106 particles/cm3 for 6 weeks (24 h/day, 7 days/week). At the end of the exposure period, lung, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, and blood were collected for chemical, histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analyses. RESULTS Lead content was found to be the highest in the kidney and lungs, followed by the liver and spleen; the smallest content of lead was found in brain. Nanoparticles were located in all analysed tissues and their highest number was found in the lung and liver. Kidney, spleen and brain contained lower number of nanoparticles, being about the same in all three organs. Lungs of animals exposed to lead oxide nanoparticles exhibited hyperaemia, small areas of atelectasis, alveolar emphysema, focal acute catarrhal bronchiolitis and also haemostasis with presence of siderophages in some animals. Nanoparticles were located in phagosomes or formed clusters within cytoplasmic vesicles. In the liver, lead oxide nanoparticle exposure caused hepatic remodeling with enlargement and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes, centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes with karyomegaly, areas of hepatic necrosis, occasional periportal inflammation, and extensive accumulation of lipid droplets. Nanoparticles were accumulated within mitochondria and peroxisomes forming aggregates enveloped by an electron-dense mitochondrial matrix. Only in some kidney samples, we observed areas of inflammatory infiltrates around renal corpuscles, tubules or vessels in the cortex. Lead oxide nanoparticles were dispersed in the cytoplasm, but not within cell organelles. There were no significant morphological changes in the spleen as a secondary target organ. Thus, pathological changes correlated with the amount of nanoparticles found in cells rather than with the concentration of lead in a given organ. CONCLUSIONS Sub-chronic exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles has profound negative effects at both cellular and tissue levels. Notably, the fate and arrangement of lead oxide nanoparticles were dependent on the type of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Smutná
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L Vrlíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Le Coustumer
- Bordeaux University, UF STE, Allée G. Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
- UMR 5254 IPREM, CNRS/UPPA, Technopole Hélioparc, 2 av P. Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex9, France
- EA 4592 Georessources & Environnement/ Bordeaux Montaigne University-IPNB ENSEGID, Allée F. Daguin, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Z Večeřa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Dočekal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L Čapka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Fictum
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Buchtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Nývltová E, Smutná T, Tachezy J, Hrdý I. OsmC and incomplete glycine decarboxylase complex mediate reductive detoxification of peroxides in hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 206:29-38. [PMID: 26794804 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osmotically inducible protein (OsmC) and organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (Ohr) are small, thiol-dependent peroxidases that comprise a family of prokaryotic protective proteins central to the defense against deleterious effects of organic hydroperoxides, which are reactive molecules that are formed during interactions between the host immune system and pathogens. Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted parasite of humans, possesses OsmC homologues in its hydrogenosomes, anaerobic mitochondrial organelles that harbor enzymes and pathways that are sensitive to oxidative damage. The glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC), which consists of four proteins (i.e., L, H, P and T), is in eukaryotes exclusively mitochondrial enzymatic system that catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation and deamination of glycine. However, trichomonad hydrogenosomes contain only the L and H proteins, whose physiological functions are unknown. Here, we found that the hydrogenosomal L and H proteins constitute a lipoate-dependent redox system that delivers electrons from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to OsmC for the reductive detoxification of peroxides. Our searches of genome databases revealed that, in addition to prokaryotes, homologues of OsmC/Ohr family proteins with predicted mitochondrial localization are present in various eukaryotic lineages. Therefore, we propose that the novel OsmC-GDC-based redox system may not be limited to T. vaginalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nývltová
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Smutná
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.
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