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Binda S, Tremblay A, Iqbal UH, Kassem O, Le Barz M, Thomas V, Bronner S, Perrot T, Ismail N, Parker J. Psychobiotics and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Where Do We Go from Here? Microorganisms 2024; 12:634. [PMID: 38674579 PMCID: PMC11052108 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the nervous system is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The MGBA controls the complex interactions between the brain, the enteric nervous system, the gut-associated immune system, and the enteric neuroendocrine systems, regulating key physiological functions such as the immune response, sleep, emotions and mood, food intake, and intestinal functions. Psychobiotics are considered tools with the potential to modulate the MGBA through preventive, adjunctive, or curative approaches, but their specific mechanisms of action on many aspects of health are yet to be characterized. This narrative review and perspectives article highlights the key paradigms needing attention as the scope of potential probiotics applications in human health increases, with a growing body of evidence supporting their systemic beneficial effects. However, there are many limitations to overcome before establishing the extent to which we can incorporate probiotics in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although this article uses the term probiotics in a general manner, it remains important to study probiotics at the strain level in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Binda
- Lallemand Health Solutions, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.L.B.); (V.T.)
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Annie Tremblay
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Umar Haris Iqbal
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Ola Kassem
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Mélanie Le Barz
- Lallemand Health Solutions, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.L.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Vincent Thomas
- Lallemand Health Solutions, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.L.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Stéphane Bronner
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Tara Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - J.Alex Parker
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
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Speth T, Rusak B, Perrot T, Cote K, Corkum P. Sleep Architecture and EEG Power Spectrum Following Cumulative Sleep Restriction: A Comparison between Typically Developing Children and Children with ADHD. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050772. [PMID: 37239244 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
No studies have looked at the effects of cumulative sleep restriction (CSR) on sleep architecture or the power spectrum of sleep EEG (electroencephalogram) in school-age children, as recorded by PSG (polysomnography). This is true for both typically developing (TD) children and children with ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), who are known to have more sleep difficulties. Participants were children (ages 6-12 years), including 18 TD and 18 ADHD, who were age- and sex-matched. The CSR protocol included a two-week baseline and two randomized conditions: Typical (six nights of sleep based on baseline sleep schedules) and Restricted (one-hour reduction of baseline time in bed). This resulted in an average of 28 min per night difference in sleep. Based on ANOVAs (analysis of variance), children with ADHD took longer to reach N3 (non-rapid eye movement), had more WASO (wake after sleep onset) (within the first 5.1 h of the night), and had more REM (rapid eye movement) sleep than TD children regardless of condition. During CSR, ADHD participants had less REM and a trend toward longer durations of N1 and N2 compared to the TD group. No significant differences in the power spectrum were found between groups or conditions. In conclusion, this CSR protocol impacted some physiological aspects of sleep but may not be sufficient to cause changes in the power spectrum of sleep EEG. Although preliminary, group-by-condition interactions suggest that the homeostatic processes in children with ADHD may be impaired during CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Speth
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Benjamin Rusak
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tara Perrot
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kimberly Cote
- Psychology Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Penny Corkum
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Joyce KM, Hudson A, O'Connor R, Thompson K, Hodgin M, Perrot T, Stewart SH. Changes in coping and social motives for drinking and alcohol consumption across the menstrual cycle. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:313-320. [PMID: 29244908 DOI: 10.1002/da.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use has been reported to fluctuate over women's menstrual cycles (MCs), with increased intake occurring premenstrually/menstrually (phases characterized by heightened negative affect) and during the ovulatory phase (a phase characterized by positive affect). This suggests women may drink for particular emotion-focused reasons at specific points in their cycles. However, no research had yet examined MC variability in drinking motives, or links between cycle-related changes in drinking motives and alcohol consumption. METHODS Ninety-four normally cycling women (Mage = 22.9 years old, SDage = 4.7) completed daily diary measures (via Smartphone surveys), with questions pertaining to state drinking motives and quantity of alcohol consumed for the course of a full MC. RESULTS Drinking motives differed by cycle phase. Women reported a slight increase in drinking to self-medicate for negative affect premenstrually, with drinking to cope peaking in the menstrual phase and declining mid-cycle. Women reported a slight increasing trend across the cycle in social motives for drinking, while enhancement motives remained relatively stable across the cycle. Cycle-related changes in drinking motives predicted increases in the quantity of alcohol consumed. Drinking to cope with negative affect predicted a greater number of drinks menstrually (days 1-5). While social motives predicted a greater number of drinks during the follicular and ovulatory phases (days 5-16), enhancement motives were unrelated to drinking quantity across cycle phase. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be attentive to cycle phase when treating reproductive-aged women with alcohol disorders (e.g., encouraging the use of healthier means of coping with negative affect during menses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Department of Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Megan Hodgin
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tara Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Nilusmas S, Mercat M, Perrot T, Touzeau S, Calcagno V, Djian Caporalino C, Castagnone-Sereno P, Mailleret L. A multi-seasonal model of plant-nematode interactions and its use to identify durable plant resistance deployment strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2017.1182.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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LeRoux A, Wright L, Perrot T, Rusak B. Impact of menstrual cycle phase on endocrine effects of partial sleep restriction in healthy women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 49:34-46. [PMID: 25051527 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is extensive evidence that sleep restriction alters endocrine function in healthy young men, increasing afternoon cortisol levels and modifying levels of other hormones that regulate metabolism. Recent studies have confirmed these effects in young women, but have not investigated whether menstrual cycle phase influences these responses. The effects on cortisol levels of limiting sleep to 3h for one night were assessed in two groups of women at different points in their menstrual cycles: mid-follicular and mid-luteal. Eighteen healthy, young women, not taking oral contraceptives (age: 21.8±0.53; BMI: 22.5±0.58 [mean±SEM]), were studied. Baseline sleep durations, eating habits and menstrual cycles were monitored. Salivary samples were collected at six times of day (08:00, 08:30, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00, 20:00) during two consecutive days: first after a 10h overnight sleep opportunity (Baseline) and then after a night with a 3h sleep opportunity (Post-sleep restriction). All were awakened at the same time of day. Women in the follicular phase showed a significant decrease (p=0.004) in their cortisol awakening responses (CAR) after sleep restriction and a sustained elevation in afternoon/evening cortisol levels (p=0.008), as has been reported for men. Women in the luteal phase showed neither a depressed CAR, nor an increase in afternoon/evening cortisol levels. Secondary analyses examined the impact of sleep restriction on self-reported hunger and mood. Menstrual cycle phase dramatically altered the cortisol responses of healthy, young women to a single night of sleep restriction, implicating effects of spontaneous changes in endocrine status on adrenal responses to sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda LeRoux
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lisa Wright
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tara Perrot
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Rusak
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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