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Solovieva T, Wilson V, Stern CD. A niche for axial stem cells - A cellular perspective in amniotes. Dev Biol 2022; 490:13-21. [PMID: 35779606 PMCID: PMC10497457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The head-tail axis in birds and mammals develops from a growth zone in the tail-end, which contains the node. This growth zone then forms the tailbud. Labelling experiments have shown that while many cells leave the node and tailbud to contribute to axial (notochord, floorplate) and paraxial (somite) structures, some cells remain resident in the node and tailbud. Could these cells be resident axial stem cells? If so, do the node and tailbud represent an instructive stem cell niche that specifies and maintains these stem cells? Serial transplantation and single cell labelling studies support the existence of self-renewing stem cells and heterotopic transplantations suggest that the node can instruct such self-renewing behaviour. However, only single cell manipulations can reveal whether self-renewing behaviour occurs at the level of a cell population (asymmetric or symmetric cell divisions) or at the level of single cells (asymmetric divisions only). We combine data on resident cells in the node and tailbud and review it in the context of axial development in chick and mouse, summarising our current understanding of axial stem cells and their niche and highlighting future directions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Solovieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
| | - Valerie Wilson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claudio D Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK.
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Kastriti ME, Faure L, Von Ahsen D, Bouderlique TG, Boström J, Solovieva T, Jackson C, Bronner M, Meijer D, Hadjab S, Lallemend F, Erickson A, Kaucka M, Dyachuk V, Perlmann T, Lahti L, Krivanek J, Brunet J, Fried K, Adameyko I. Schwann cell precursors represent a neural crest-like state with biased multipotency. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108780. [PMID: 35815410 PMCID: PMC9434083 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are nerve-associated progenitors that can generate myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells but also are multipotent like the neural crest cells from which they originate. SCPs are omnipresent along outgrowing peripheral nerves throughout the body of vertebrate embryos. By using single-cell transcriptomics to generate a gene expression atlas of the entire neural crest lineage, we show that early SCPs and late migratory crest cells have similar transcriptional profiles characterised by a multipotent "hub" state containing cells biased towards traditional neural crest fates. SCPs keep diverging from the neural crest after being primed towards terminal Schwann cells and other fates, with different subtypes residing in distinct anatomical locations. Functional experiments using CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function further show that knockout of the common "hub" gene Sox8 causes defects in neural crest-derived cells along peripheral nerves by facilitating differentiation of SCPs towards sympathoadrenal fates. Finally, specific tumour populations found in melanoma, neurofibroma and neuroblastoma map to different stages of SCP/Schwann cell development. Overall, SCPs resemble migrating neural crest cells that maintain multipotency and become transcriptionally primed towards distinct lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Louis Faure
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dorothea Von Ahsen
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Johan Boström
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tatiana Solovieva
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Cameron Jackson
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Marianne Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Dies Meijer
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Saida Hadjab
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Alek Erickson
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Marketa Kaucka
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyPlönGermany
| | | | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Laura Lahti
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jean‐Francois Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, École Normale SupérieurePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
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Abstract
In warm-blooded vertebrate embryos (mammals and birds), the axial tissues of the body form from a growth zone at the tail end, Hensen's node, which generates neural, mesodermal, and endodermal structures along the midline. While most cells only pass through this region, the node has been suggested to contain a small population of resident stem cells. However, it is unknown whether the rest of the node constitutes an instructive niche that specifies this self-renewal behavior. Here, we use heterotopic transplantation of groups and single cells and show that cells not destined to enter the node can become resident and self-renew. Long-term resident cells are restricted to the posterior part of the node and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals that the majority of these resident cells preferentially express G2/M phase cell-cycle-related genes. These results provide strong evidence that the node functions as a niche to maintain self-renewal of axial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Solovieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Proteos, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Proteos, Singapore
| | - Claudio D Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom;
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Solovieva T, Bronner M. Reprint of: Schwann cell precursors: Where they come from and where they go. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203729. [PMID: 34456178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are a transient population in the embryo, closely associated with nerves along which they migrate into the periphery of the body. Long considered to be progenitors that only form Schwann cells-the myelinating cells of nerves, current evidence suggests that SCPs have much broader developmental potential. Indeed, different cell marking techniques employed over the past 20 years have identified multiple novel SCP derivatives throughout the body. It is now clear that SCPs represent a multipotent progenitor population, which also display a level of plasticity in response to injury. Moreover, they originate from multiple origins in the embryo and may reflect several distinct subpopulations in terms of molecular identity and fate. Here we review SCP origins, derivatives and plasticity in development, growth and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Solovieva
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, United States of America.
| | - Marianne Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, United States of America
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Solovieva T. Development of the smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris, as observed in a garden pond during lockdown. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:1077-1087. [PMID: 34324246 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lissotriton vulgaris ("smooth newt") was an important organism for experimental embryology, especially in the early 20th century. The stages of development of L. vulgaris from the appearance of the first cleavage to metamorphosis have previously been described, but only through drawings. RESULTS Referring to Glaesner's staging and utilizing a makeshift lockdown laboratory, this study documents the development of L. vulgaris embryos in a small garden pond in Surrey, UK. This study describes varying developmental rates between individuals, identifies pigmented cells in close proximity/contributing to the heart, describes early gill development and reports a case of spontaneous, non-conjoined newt twins. CONCLUSIONS While pigmentation in the heart has been reported in some amphibians, no pigmentation within urodele hearts has been documented to date. Furthermore, although the literature on conjoined twinning in amphibia is extensive, separate, non-conjoined twinning is largely unexplored in the literature. This study invites further research into understanding of these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Solovieva
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Solovieva T, Bronner M. Schwann cell precursors: Where they come from and where they go. Cells Dev 2021; 166:203686. [PMID: 33994354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are a transient population in the embryo, closely associated with nerves along which they migrate into the periphery of the body. Long considered to be progenitors that only form Schwann cells-the myelinating cells of nerves, current evidence suggests that SCPs have much broader developmental potential. Indeed, different cell marking techniques employed over the past 20 years have identified multiple novel SCP derivatives throughout the body. It is now clear that SCPs represent a multipotent progenitor population, which also display a level of plasticity in response to injury. Moreover, they originate from multiple origins in the embryo and may reflect several distinct subpopulations in terms of molecular identity and fate. Here we review SCP origins, derivatives and plasticity in development, growth and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Solovieva
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, United States of America.
| | - Marianne Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, United States of America
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Egorova M, Egorov A, Solovieva T. Mathematical Models of the Distribution and Change of Linguistic Information in Language Communities: a Case of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Chinese Language Communities. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201922406009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents a theoretical analysis and computer simulations of the distribution and changes of the linguistic information in two model language communities: Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Chinese. Simulations show that out of two main hypotheses of the formation of the Proto-Indo-European languages, the Anatolian hypotheses and the Kurgan hypotheses, the latter is better consistent with the time estimates obtained in this study. The results obtained for Proto-Indo-European communities may also be used in the analysis of Asian language communities. In particular, the similarity of Chinese and Proto-Indo-European languages in terms of the relationship between the verb and the noun opens the possibility of applying our method to the analysis of the Proto-Sino-Tibetan language family. A possibility of creating a single national language Pŭtōnghuà (普通话) in the modern China was investigated. The results of the present study also suggest that the developed models look like a quite promising new instrument for studying linguistic information transfer in complex social and linguistic systems.
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Anderson C, Khan MAF, Wong F, Solovieva T, Oliveira NMM, Baldock RA, Tickle C, Burt DW, Stern CD. A strategy to discover new organizers identifies a putative heart organizer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12656. [PMID: 27557800 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organizers are regions of the embryo that can both induce new fates and impart pattern on other regions. So far, surprisingly few organizers have been discovered, considering the number of patterned tissue types generated during development. This may be because their discovery has relied on transplantation and ablation experiments. Here we describe a new approach, using chick embryos, to discover organizers based on a common gene expression signature, and use it to uncover the anterior intestinal portal (AIP) endoderm as a putative heart organizer. We show that the AIP can induce cardiac identity from non-cardiac mesoderm and that it can pattern this by specifying ventricular and suppressing atrial regional identity. We also uncover some of the signals responsible. The method holds promise as a tool to discover other novel organizers acting during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Anderson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mohsin A F Khan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Frances Wong
- Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK
| | - Tatiana Solovieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nidia M M Oliveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard A Baldock
- Biomedical Systems Analysis Section, MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Cheryll Tickle
- Department of Biology &Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dave W Burt
- Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK
| | - Claudio D Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Abstract
CONTEXT Many rural elders experience limited access to health care. The majority of what we know about this issue has been based upon quantitative studies, yet qualitative studies might offer additional insight into individual perceptions of health care access. PURPOSE To examine what barriers rural elders report when accessing needed health care, including how they cope with the high cost of prescription medication. METHODS During Spring 2001, thirteen 90-minute focus groups were conducted in 6 rural West Virginia communities. A total of 101 participants, aged 60 years and older, were asked several culminating questions about their perceptions of health care access. FINDINGS Five categories of barriers to health care emerged from the discussions: transportation difficulties, limited health care supply, lack of quality health care, social isolation, and financial constraints. In addition, 6 diverse coping strategies for dealing with the cost of prescription medication were discussed. They included: reducing dosage or doing without, limiting other expenses, relying on family assistance, supplementing with alternative medicine, shopping around for cheapest prices, and using the Veteran's Administration. CONCLUSIONS Overall, rural older adults encounter various barriers to accessing needed health care. Qualitative methodology allows rural elders to have a voice to expound on their experiences. Research can contribute valuable information to shape policy by providing a forum where older adults can express their concerns about the current health care delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Turner Goins
- Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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