1
|
Lim TW, Choo KY, Lim RLH, Pui LP, Tan CP, Ho CW. The indigenous microbial diversity involved in the spontaneous fermentation of red dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus) identified by means of molecular tools. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21940. [PMID: 38027851 PMCID: PMC10658323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Red dragon fruit (RDF) is well-known for its high nutritional content, especially the red pigment betacyanins that possess high antioxidant activity. Natural fermentation is an ancient yet outstanding technique that relies on the autochthonous microbiota from fruits and vegetables surfaces to preserve and improve the nutritional values and quality of the food product. The present study was to evaluate and identify the indigenous microbial community (bacteria and fungi) that are involved in the natural fermentation of RDF. Results revealed a total of twenty bacterial pure cultures and nine fungal pure cultures were successfully isolated from fermented red dragon fruit drink (FRDFD). For the first time, the PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and ITS regions and sequence analysis suggested nine genera of bacteria and three genera of fungi (Aureobasidium pullulans, Clavispora opuntiae, and Talaromyces aurantiacus) present in the FRDFD. Four dominant (≥10 % isolates) bacteria species identified from FRDFD were Klebsiella pneumonia, Brevibacillus parabrevis, Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus subtilis. The carbohydrate fermentation test showed that all the indigenous microbes identified were able to serve as useful starter culture by fermenting sucrose and glucose, thereby producing acid to lower the pH of FRDFD to around pH 4 for better betacyanins stability. The present study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the indigenous microbial community that serves as the starter culture in the fermentation of RDF. Besides, this study provides a useful guide for future research to be conducted on studying the rare bacterial strains (such as B. tequilensis) identified from the FRDFD for their potential bioactivities and applications in medical treatment and functional foods industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teck Wei Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah Yee Choo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liew Phing Pui
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wai Ho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lim TW, Lim RLH, Pui LP, Tan CP, Ho CW. Synergistic enhancing effect of xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose and citric acid on the stability of betacyanins in fermented red dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus) drink during storage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21025. [PMID: 37876430 PMCID: PMC10590944 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the demand for using healthy natural pigments (betacyanins) in the food industry is increasing. The present study aimed to overcome the circumstances that render the betacyanins instability in the red dragon fruit drink using mild approaches. These included optimised fermentation, incorporation of anionic polysaccharide mixture solution [xanthan gum (XG, 0.30-0.40 %, w/v) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, 0.50-0.90 %, w/v)] and also addition of citric acid (CA, 0.05-0.20 %, w/v). The results of this study showed that the hydrocolloid mixture solution of XG and CMC significantly increased the samples' viscosity, pH and °Brix but reduced the aw, while betacyanins concentration had no significant change. The incorporation of CA at increasing concentration only reduced the samples' pH significantly without affecting the viscosity, aw and °Brix. Among all fermented samples, Formulation 3E (0.40 % XG + 0.50 % CMC + 0.20 % CA) had achieved the desired commercial reference viscosity while also successfully minimised betacyanins degradation from 60.18 % to 14.72 %, had the best pH stability and no significant change in viscosity, aw and °Brix values after 4-week storage at 25 °C. The fermented red dragon fruit drink with betacyanins stabilised by Formulation 3E can be produced and served as an independent functional drink product and as a stable, functional ingredient (natural colourant) for the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teck Wei Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liew Phing Pui
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wai Ho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lim TW, Roffie J. Management of Localized Anterior Tooth Wear Using a Modified Sandwich Technique and the Dahl Concept: A Case Report. Oper Dent 2022; 47:3-10. [PMID: 35007322 DOI: 10.2341/20-172-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This case report illustrates a minimally invasive segmental rehabilitation of localized anterior tooth wear using a modification of the sandwich technique, a combination of indirect palatal composite veneers and direct labial composite restorations, at an increased occlusal vertical dimension (the Dahl concept).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Lim
- Tong Wah Lim, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - J Roffie
- *Juzailah Roffie, DDS, Universiti Sains Malaysia Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hasan MR, Pulingam T, Appaturi JN, Zifruddin AN, Teh SJ, Lim TW, Ibrahim F, Leo BF, Thong KL. Carbon nanotube-based aptasensor for sensitive electrochemical detection of whole-cell Salmonella. Anal Biochem 2018; 554:34-43. [PMID: 29870692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an amino-modified aptasensor using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-deposited ITO electrode was prepared and evaluated for the detection of pathogenic Salmonella bacteria. An amino-modified aptamer (ssDNA) which binds selectively to whole-cell Salmonella was immobilised on the COOH-rich MWCNTs to produce the ssDNA/MWCNT/ITO electrode. The morphology of the MWCNT before and after interaction with the aptamers were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the electrochemical properties and conductivity of the aptasensor. The results showed that the impedance measured at the ssDNA/MWCNT/ITO electrode surface increased after exposure to Salmonella cells, which indicated successful binding of Salmonella on the aptamer-functionalised surface. The developed ssDNA/MWCNT/ITO aptasensor was stable and maintained linearity when the scan rate was increased from 10 mV s-1 to 90 mV s-1. The detection limit of the ssDNA/MWCNT/ITO aptasensor, determined from the sensitivity analysis, was found to be 5.5 × 101 cfu mL-1 and 6.7 × 101 cfu mL-1 for S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, respectively. The specificity test demonstrated that Salmonella bound specifically to the ssDNA/MWCNT/ITO aptasensor surface, when compared with non-Salmonella spp. The prepared aptasensor was successfully applied for the detection of Salmonella in food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rakibul Hasan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiruchelvi Pulingam
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jimmy Nelson Appaturi
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anis Nadyra Zifruddin
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swe Jyan Teh
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Wei Lim
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hong DM, Mint JJ, Kim JH, Sohn IS, Lim TW, Lim YJ, Bahk JH, Jeon Y. The effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on myocardial injury in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:924-9. [PMID: 20865880 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In several recent clinical trials on cardiac surgery patients, remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) showed a powerful myocardial protective effect. However the effect of RIPC has not been studied in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We evaluated whether RIPC could induce myocardial protection in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients. Patients undergoing elective off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly allocated to the RIPC (n = 65) or control group (n = 65). After induction of anaesthesia, RIPC was induced by four cycles of five-minute ischaemia and reperfusion on the upper limb using a pneumatic cuff. Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane, remifentanil and vecuronium. Myocardial injury was assessed by troponin I before surgery and 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. There were no statistical differences in troponin I levels between RIPC and control groups (P = 0.172). Although RIPC reduced the total amount of troponin I (area under the curve of troponin increase) by 26%, it did not reach statistical significance (RIPC group 53.2 +/- 72.9 hours x ng/ml vs control group 67.4 +/- 97.7 hours x ng/ml, P = 0.281). In this study, RIPC by upper limb ischaemia reduced the postoperative myocardial enzyme elevation in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients, but this did not reach statistical significance. Further study with a larger number of patients may be needed to fully evaluate the clinical effect of RIPC in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Hong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ooi EL, Lim TW, Lim N. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of two regional citrate anticoagulation protocols using acid citrate dextrose A or Prismocitrate 10/2, in patients with acute renal failure undergoing continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. Crit Care 2010. [PMCID: PMC2934181 DOI: 10.1186/cc8747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
7
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND An improved light activated disinfection technique utilizing a specific photosensitizer formulation, liquid optical-conduit, oxygen-carrier and light energy of appropriate wavelength has been introduced recently. This study tested the efficacy of this improved light activated disinfection on ex vivo biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis at two different stages of maturation. METHODS Eighty-five tooth sections were prepared and endodontic biofilm of E. faecalis were grown within the root canal. In stage 1, conventional light activated disinfection (LAD), chemical disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite) and improved LAD were tested on four-day-old (immature) biofilms. In stage 2, conventional LAD, improved LAD and chemomechanical disinfection (alone and in combination with improved LAD) were tested on four-week-old (mature) biofilms. RESULTS Sodium hypochlorite and improved LAD showed the ability to significantly inactivate bacteria in four-day-old biofilms when compared to the control and LAD (p < 0.05). Inactivation of bacteria from deeper dentine was higher in improved LAD than sodium hypochlorite. In four-week-old biofilms, a combination of chemomechanical disinfection and improved LAD produced significant bacterial killing compared to either chemomechanical disinfection or improved LAD alone. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the potential of improved LAD to kill bacteria within dentinal tubules. In combination with chemomechanical preparation, the improved LAD significantly inactivated four-week-old biofilm bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Lim
- Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Teo DTW, Lim TW. Transmission of tuberculosis from patient to healthcare workers in the anaesthesia context. Ann Acad Med Singap 2004; 33:95-9. [PMID: 15008572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is prevalent in our population. We report an incident of healthcare workers (HCWs) suspected of being infected by a patient with undiagnosed active PTB in the operating theatre. CLINICAL PICTURE A 60-year-old patient admitted for intestinal obstruction, underwent an emergency laparotomy. Preoperative chest X-ray (CXR) showed diffuse reticular-nodular shadowing and postoperative sputum was positive for acid-fast bacilli. TREATMENT The patient was isolated and treated for active tuberculosis. The anaesthetist and her assistants in the operating theatre that day were referred to the infectious disease physician and some were started on tuberculosis prophylaxis. OUTCOME The patient and the HCWs involved recovered. CONCLUSION Thus, all PTB-susceptible patients with suggestive CXR should be treated as potentially infective. Adequate personnel protection should include highly efficient facemasks and shields. Risk of patient-to-patient transmission of tuberculosis through the anaesthetic circuit is low if effective bacterial/viral filters are used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T W Teo
- Department of Anaesthesia, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim TW, Lee MH, Park JG, Cho BK. Classic Kaposi sarcoma presenting as rapidly growing nodules. Cutis 2001; 68:50-2. [PMID: 11480148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a sporadic disease that usually affects persons older than 50 years, with a distinct male predominance. Although classic KS has a protracted, indolent course, there appears to be a rare disseminated fulminant type. This report describes a case of classic KS, presenting as a very rapid enlargement and dissemination of skin lesions, without evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or involvement of other internal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1, Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul 130-702, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Atypical variants of cellular blue nevus are considered to have features intermediate between typical cellular blue nevus and rare malignant blue nevus; they usually show bizarre pleomorphic cells which have prominent nucleoli. We describe a 37-year-old-Korean woman who had had an asymptomatic pedunculated single mass on her right thigh for 17 years. A skin biopsy showed a tumor consisting of intensely pigmented dendritic cells and less or nonpigmented epitheloid cells in the dermis with striking atypia. There has been no evidence of recurrence for 3 years after surgery. The diagnosis of atypical cellular blue nevus was made on the basis of clinical features and skin biopsy findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryou
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul 130-702, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
A patient with perforated appendicitis developed progressive vasodilatory shock which was complicated by perioperative acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular support included dopamine infusion, and later, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation balloon pump and noradrenaline and dobutamine infusion. Vasopressin was introduced as a final attempt to reverse the refractory shock and was associated with recovery. The experience with this case suggests that vasopressin may be a valuable adjunct to the treatment of catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Lim
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Pachyonchia congenita (PC) is an uncommon autosomal dominant genodermatosis affecting the nails and other ectodermal tissues. The most striking features are symmetrically thickened dysmorphic nails and hyperkeratotic skin lesions. We report a case of pachyonychia congenita in a 30-year-old male patient who had thickening and gray-brown discoloration of all nails and many nodules on his back and neck. He also had hyperkeratotic skin lesions on both feet. His tongue had irregularly-shaped, whitish plaques. Histology of these nodules revealed the characteristic features of steatocystoma multiplex. After treatment with oral retinoic acid, his hyperkeratotic skin lesions improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lim TW, Lee KY. Rare defect in a percutaneous tracheostomy tube. Anaesth Intensive Care 1999; 27:220-1. [PMID: 10212727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the sedative effects of sublingual tablet midazolam (Roche Dormicum 7.5 mg) with the oral route as premedication. METHODS One hundred ASA physical status I and II gynaecological patients were randomly selected to receive a 7.5 mg tablet of midazolam either sublingually or orally as premedication about one hour before elective surgery. There were 50 patients in each group. The degree of sedation was assessed according to the Ramsay scale initially and then at 20, 30, 45 and 60 min intervals by a second observer blinded to the route of administration. The time for complete drug dissolution was studied in the sublingual group by the inspection of tablet residue under the tongue every five minutes for 20 min, then the patients were interviewed regarding their acceptance of taste. RESULTS The sedation scores in the sublingual group were higher than in the oral group at 30 and 60 min after drug administration. (P = 0.0054 and P = 0.008) Seventy-two percent of the sublingual group had complete drug dissolution within 10 min and 64% of the patients in the sublingual group found the tablet acceptable with regard to its taste. CONCLUSION Midazolam 7.5 mg sublingual is a more effective pre-anaesthetic sedative than by the oral route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Lim
- Department of Anaesthesia, Kandang Kerbau Maternity Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hiil JL, Kan SK, Parmar SS, Chan MK, Mak JW, Lim PK, Lim TW, Dennis DT. The effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on incidence and recovery rates of Brugia malayi microfilaremia in Sabah, Malaysia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1988; 38:582-8. [PMID: 3275137 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass drug administration via 3 modes of delivery reduced the incidence and prevalence rates and intensity of Brugia malayi infection in 3 rural villages in the Bengkoka Peninsula, Sabah, in 1982-1983. A dosage of 6 mg diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C)/kg body weight was administered either daily or weekly (total of 6 doses, 36 mg/kg body weight), and impact on B. malayi cases were comparable in the 3 villages. A total of 384 people participated in the DEC-C regimens, and all pregnant women and children under 2 years were excluded from the study. Bekessy's method of estimation of incidence and recovery rates was applied to data on B. malayi microfilaremia before drug administration. Treatment with DEC-C by any of the 3 modes of delivery drastically reduced the number of episodes of patent microfilaremia, incidence and prevalence, and median microfilarial density. Reduction was sustained for at least 18 to 24 months after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Hiil
- Department of Medical Services, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Burchiel SW, Hadley WM, Cameron CL, Fincher RH, Lim TW, Elias L, Stewart CC. Analysis of heavy metal immunotoxicity by multiparameter flow cytometry: correlation of flow cytometry and immune function data in B6CF1 mice. Int J Immunopharmacol 1987; 9:597-610. [PMID: 3623773 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(87)90127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow and spleen cells obtained from female B6C3F1 mice given a single i.p. exposure to cadmium acetate (0.9 mg/kg), lead acetate (12 mg/kg), or sodium acetate (12 mg/kg), were studied using flow cytometry, immunologic, and hematologic assays. Significant changes were detected in subpopulations of bone marrow cells using multiparameter flow cytometry within 1 day following treatment with cadmium or lead. Bone marrow cells obtained from B6C3F1 mice 5 days after treatment with cadmium or lead were found to have a decreased number of cells expressing Mac-1, 55-7.2, 14.8, and Lyt-1 antigens, suggesting a shift to immature cell types. An increase in the number of progenitor cells (CFU-C) obtained from the bone marrow of mice treated with heavy metals was also noted 5 days after exposure to cadmium or lead. A time-dependent suppression of the in vitro primary humoral immune response of spleen cells to SRBCs, TNP-Ficoll and TNP-LPS was produced by cadmium or lead treatment. Suppression of the mitogenic response of spleen cells to Con A, PHA, and LPS was also found to be time-dependent. Spleen cell surface marker expression (Mac-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2 and 14.8) was altered in response to cadmium or lead treatments, but these changes did not appear to correlate with the humoral immunity or mitogen-induced proliferation data. These studies demonstrate that changes in cell surface markers on discrete subpopulations of lymphoid cells present in the spleens of heavy metal exposed mice may not correlate with alterations in the functional activity of these cells. However, changes in murine bone marrow surface markers in response to cadmium or lead treatment predicts a shift to immature cell types, which appeared to correlate with the increase in CFU-C activity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Burchiel SW, Hadley WM, Cameron CL, Fincher RH, Lim TW, Stewart CC. Flow cytometry Coulter volume analysis of lead- and cadmium-induced cellular alterations in bone marrow obtained from young adult and aged Balb/c mice. Toxicol Lett 1986; 34:89-94. [PMID: 3787668 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(86)90149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry Coulter volume analysis was used to examine the effects of an acute exposure to cadmium or lead on subpopulations of Balb/c bone marrow cells. A significant shift in the volume of Balb/c bone marrow cells was detected in response to a single i.p. injection of cadmium acetate (Cd) or lead acetate (Pb) compared to sodium acetate (Na)-treated mice. An increase in the relative number or size of myeloid/monocytic cells was noted in the bone marrow of cadmium or lead-treated mice. This effect was more pronounced in aged Balb/c mice than in young adults. These studies suggest the flow cytometry Coulter volume analysis may be a useful and sensitive technique for the assessment of cellular changes that occur in the bone marrow in response to xenobiotic exposure.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gunasegaran K, Lim TW, Ahmed A, Aaskov JG, Lam SK, Pang T. Hemadsorption immunosorbent technique for the detection of dengue immunoglobulin M antibody. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 23:170-4. [PMID: 3517040 PMCID: PMC268594 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.23.1.170-174.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a highly specific, sensitive, and economical hemadsorption immunosorbent technique for the detection of dengue-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody. The technique is based on the reaction of human sera with anti-human IgM immobilized onto a solid phase followed by the detection of dengue-specific IgM by the addition of a known quantity of dengue virus hemagglutinin and goose erythrocytes. Dengue-specific IgM-positive sera showed hemadsorption. IgM antibody specific for dengue virus was detected in 22 of 39 (56%) convalescent-phase sera from primary dengue infections and 8 of 10 (80%) convalescent-phase sera from secondary dengue infections. Additionally, 32 of 76 single sera from patients were positive for dengue IgM; these sera were previously uninterpretable by the hemagglutination inhibition test, as only a single serum specimen was available. No false-positive results were obtained with sera that were negative by the hemagglutination inhibition test for dengue virus. Crude dengue virus hemagglutinin preparations could be used without purification. Dengue-specific IgG did not interfere with the results, nor was there any cross-reactivity between dengue hemagglutinins and IgM specific for other viruses. Some cross-reactivity of the dengue-specific IgM was observed with Japanese encephalitis virus hemagglutinins, but this did not present any problems in the interpretation of results. This test is specific, inexpensive, highly reproducible, and simple to perform.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li CF, Lim TW, Han LL, Fang R. Rainfall, abundance of Aedes aegypti and dengue infection in Selangor, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1985; 16:560-8. [PMID: 3835698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An epidemio-meteorotropic analytical study of Selangor, in the Southwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, examines the monthly incidence of dengue for the period 1973-1982 to assess possible quantitative association with the monthly rainfall. The relationships between rainfall, abundance of A. aegypti and dengue infection during 1982 in Jinjang, a dengue-prone area in Selangor, were also examined. A quantitative association between rainfall and the number of dengue cases was found during the first wet period. The lag time between the onset of heavy rain and dengue outbreak was about two to three months. A 120% increase in the number of dengue cases was observed when the monthly rainfall was 300 mm or more. Positive associations were seen between the incidence of dengue and the Aedes house index and the Breteau index in Jinjang. The relationships between these three variables and rainfall suggest that the latter might have exerted its effect on dengue infection partly through the creation of more breeding sites for A. aegypti. Assessment of the importance of A. aegypti in the transmission of dengue in this locality was not possible because of the lack of adjustment for A. albopictus, the other known vector of dengue in the state, and for social and other environmental factors influencing infection rates. In spite of this and the interpretational problems common in aggregate studies, the present analyses have provided relatively strong statistical evidence of an association between rainfall and dengue outbreaks in Selangor, thereby indicating that it is a factor worthy of careful surveillance and monitoring.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fang R, Lo E, Lim TW. The 1982 dengue epidemic in Malaysia: epidemiological, serological and virological aspects. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1984; 15:51-8. [PMID: 6740379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In 1982, Malaysia experienced the worst dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever outbreak in its history. All states in Peninsular and East Malaysia were similarly affected. There was a total of 3,005 cases with 35 deaths, with the majority of cases occurring between the months of July to October. There was a total of 1,001 laboratory confirmed cases. Most of the cases were in patients over the age of 15 years. The Chinese population was mainly affected, although a much higher proportion of Malays was noted in comparison to previous years. The main serotypes involved were dengue-1 and dengue-3. No dengue-4 serotype were isolated.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dhaliwal JS, Lim TW, Sukumaran KD. A double antibody sandwich micro-ELISA kit for the rapid diagnosis of snake bite. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1983; 14:367-73. [PMID: 6658505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A micro ELISA assay was established to diagnose systemic poisoning for the rapid administration of specific antivenom. Rabbit anti venom IgG was bound to the solid phase to enable detection of venom from both the Malayan Pit Viper (Agkistrodon rhodostoma) and the Common Cobra (Naja naja). This assay is read visually and takes 35 to 45 minutes to perform. It can detect 15.6 ng/ml of viper venom in 75 minutes and 7.8 ng/ml of cobra venom in 55 minutes. Tests on sera from snake bite patients showed detectable levels of snake venom in the serum even though administration of antivenom was not necessary. Furthermore, results from these clinical cases were obtained in less than 45 minutes. It was found that the most suitable washing media was saline/Tween, the assay could be performed at room temperature and plates stored for 6 months showed no loss of activity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chang MS, Rubis P, Jute N, Lim TW. Entomological aspects of endemic dengue fever in Sarawak 1973 - 1980. Med J Malaysia 1981; 36:79-82. [PMID: 7343823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
24
|
Fang R, Hsu DR, Lim TW. Investigation of a suspected outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in Pulau Langkawi. Malays J Pathol 1980; 3:23-30. [PMID: 6312203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
25
|
Wallace HG, Lim TW, Rudnick A, Knudsen AB, Cheong WH, Chew V. Dengue hemorrhagic fever in Malaysia: the 1973 epidemic. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1980; 11:1-13. [PMID: 6105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The first major Malaysian epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever with severe manifestations occurred in 1973, with 969 reported cases and 54 deaths. In a detailed study of 138 clinically diagnosed and laboratory confirmed cases at the General Hospital in Kuala Lumpur, hemorrhagic manifestations were observed in 68.7% and shock in 18.1% of the patients. The cases occurred mainly from May to September, largely in urban and suburban areas of the majority of the states in the country. A main focus of infection was Jinjang, a heavily populated outlying district of Kuala Lumpur, where unusually high incidences of morbidity, severe disease and mortality were seen. Severe disease was seen mostly in children under the age of 15 years, although a significant number of adults suffered milder illnesses. The Chinese population was chiefly affected, due to their living in crowded, low-income housing where the vector, Aedes aegypti, occurred in the greatest numbers. All four dengue types were recovered during the epidemic period, although dengue 3 (DEN-3) was incriminated as the major epidemic type. Entomological data revealed high indices of A. aegypti throughout the country and left little doubt that this epidemic was aegypti transmitted. Spraying and fogging operations were carried out in attempts to control vector populations.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kan SK, Kay RW, Lim TW, Chew V. Serological evidence of group B arbovirus infection in Sabah. Med J Malaysia 1978; 32:289-91. [PMID: 732623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
27
|
Lim TW, Loh T, Kranz H, Scott D. Acupuncture--effect on normal subjects. Med J Aust 1977; 1:440-2. [PMID: 865358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of acupuncture analgesia on pain threshold was assessed in a group of 60 healthy volunteers. On the average a 60% elevation of the pain threshold was achieved. This effect was seen bilaterally with unilateral acupuncture stimulation. There was no significant difference in the effect produced by three widely separate sites of acupuncture stimulation. The possibility of an additive effect when two sites were simultaneously stimulated was not confirmed in our limited study. Evidence is presented that sensory nerve fibre stimulation may be the basic primary requirement of successful acupuncture analgesia.
Collapse
|
28
|
Neufeld EF, Liebaers I, Lim TW. Iduronate sulfatase determination for the diagnosis of the Hunter syndrome and the detection of the carrier state. Adv Exp Med Biol 1976; 68:253-60. [PMID: 820168 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7735-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
|
31
|
Lim TW, Wallace HG, Rudnick A, Cheong WH, Knudsen AB, Chew V. The 1973 epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Malaysia: (a preliminary report). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1974; 5:453-4. [PMID: 4432105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
32
|
Lim TW, Burhainuddin M, Abbas A. A case of Sindbis virus infection in Kuala Lumpur. Med J Malaya 1972; 27:147-9. [PMID: 4268041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
33
|
Lim TW, Burhainuddin M, Abbas A. A case of Sindbis virus infection in Kuala Lumpur. Med J Malaysia 1972; 27:147-149. [PMID: 35158495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
No abstract available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Lim
- Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Haug NL, Davis CE, Anandan J, Lim TW. Studies of bacterial disease in West Malaysian Orang Asli. Distribution of enteropathogens. Med J Malaya 1969; 24:24-31. [PMID: 4243839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
35
|
Anandan J, Lim TW, Haug NL. Studies of bacterial disease in West Malaysian. Orang Asli (aborigines): previously unrecorded Salmonella Serotypes. Med J Malaya 1969; 23:269-71. [PMID: 4242174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
36
|
Haug NL, Anandan J, Ragan E, Lim TW. Studies of bacterial disease in West Malaysian Orang Asli (Aborigines): an epidemic of whooping cough. Med J Malaya 1969; 23:192-8. [PMID: 4240073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
37
|
Tan DS, Lim TW, Ahluwalia P, Lee GC. Poliomyelitis antibody studies in Kuala Lumpur children. Med J Malaya 1968; 23:269-75. [PMID: 4235589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
38
|
Lim TW, Leong WW. A survey of the rheumatoid factor using the sheep cell agglutination test. Med J Malaya 1967; 22:110-4. [PMID: 4231975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|