Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract Alters Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Adaptation

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cardiomyocyte adaptation to exercise might require ROS as a central regulator. There is a limited study regarding the importance of ROS for inducing exercise-induced adaptation and its correlations with changes in histological scoring of cardiac muscles. The study aimed to explore the importance of physiological ROS induced by exercise and its correlation with Cardiomyocyte' histological appearance that is altered by <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves extract in Wistar rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This was an animal experimental study, which use 4 groups of 24 Wistar rats divided into Control (Co), <i>Moringa</i> leaves extract (Mo), Exercise (Ex) and a combination of <i>Moringa </i>leaves extract and Exercise (MoEx). The <i>Moringa</i> leaves extract were given orally, 5 days a week, for 4 consecutive weeks. The exercise was given in moderate intensity, 5 days a week, also for 4 consecutive weeks. <b>Results:</b> This study found significant differences in heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio in Ex group compared to the control. As for histology scoring, found that MoEx group has 16.7% cardiac hypertrophy and myofiber disarray compared to 83.3% mild hypertrophy and 50% mild disarray in Ex group. <b>Conclusion:</b> In summary, the study showed that the potential central role of exercise-induced physiological ROS for cardiac hypertrophy adaptation is altered by <i>Moringa oleifera </i>leaves extract treatment.

Potential Role of Exercise in Regulating YAP and TAZ During Cardiomyocytes Aging

Adaptation of cardiac muscle to regular exercise results in morphological and structural changes known as physiological cardiac hypertrophy, to which the Hippo signaling pathway might have contributed. Two major terminal effectors in the Hippo signaling pathway are Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). The latest studies have reported the role of YAP and TAZ in different life stages, such as in fetal, neonatal, and adult hearts. Their regulation might involve several mechanisms and effectors. One of the possible coregulators is exercise. Exercise plays a role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophic changes during different stages of life, including in aged hearts. YAP/TAZ signaling pathway has a role in physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise and is associated with cardiac remodelling. Thus, it can be believed that exercise has roles in activating the signaling pathway of YAP and TAZ in aged cardiomyocytes. However, the studies regarding the roles of YAP and TAZ during cardiomyocyte aging are limited. The primary purpose of this review is to explore the response of cardiovascular aging to exercise via signaling pathway of YAP and TAZ.