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Danielyan A, Patino LR, Benanzer T, Blom TJ, Welge JA, Chang KD, Adler CM, DelBello MP. Cognitive, Family, and Quality-of-Life Characteristics of Youth with Depression Associated with Bipolar Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2023; 33:225-231. [PMID: 37590017 PMCID: PMC10458366 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Depression associated with bipolar disorder (BD) is more common compared to mania. Cognitive, family, and quality-of-life (QOL) factors associated with pediatric bipolar depression are understudied. The goal of this study was to evaluate cognitive, family environmental, and QOL characteristics of youth with bipolar depression. Methods: Thirty-two youth (12-18 years of age) with BD type I currently depressed were recruited from inpatient and outpatient setting. Subjects were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), the Family Environment Scale (FES), and the Child Health Questionnaire-Parental-Form 50 (CHQ-PF50). Results were compared with population norms and the relationship between these domains was calculated. Results: Youth with depression associated with BD did not show significant impairment in executive functions. They displayed impaired family environment in the domains of cohesion, independence, achievement orientation, and organization. Youth also displayed impairments in the psychosocial health domains compared with the population normative data. The CHQ-Psychosocial health significantly negatively correlated with the BRIEF-Global Executive Control score (r = -0.76, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Depression in youth with BD is associated with impairments in family functioning and QOL. Impairments in psychosocial QOL are associated with cognitive functioning. Further intervention studies examining executive functioning and family environment as treatment targets are needed. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT00232414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Danielyan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Luis R. Patino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tessa Benanzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J. Blom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kiki D. Chang
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Caleb M. Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa P. DelBello
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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