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Wilson SK, Pretorius T, Naidoo S. Mechanisms of systemic resistance to pathogen infection in plants and their potential application in forestry. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:404. [PMID: 37620815 PMCID: PMC10463331 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex systemic responses of tree species to fight pathogen infection necessitate attention due to the potential for yield protection in forestry. RESULTS In this paper, both the localized and systemic responses of model plants, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, are reviewed. These responses were compared to information available that investigates similar responses in woody plant species and their key differences were highlighted. In addition, tree-specific responses that have been documented were summarised, with the critical responses still relying on certain systemic acquired resistance pathways. Importantly, coniferous species have been shown to utilise phenolic compounds in their immune responses. Here we also highlight the lack of focus on systemic induced susceptibility in trees, which can be important to forest health. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the possible mechanisms of systemic response to infection in woody plant species, their potential applications, and where research may be best focused in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - T Pretorius
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - S Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
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Plenge U, Nortje MB, Marais LC, Jordaan JD, Parker R, van der Westhuizen N, van der Merwe JF, Marais J, September WV, Davies GL, Pretorius T, Solomon C, Ryan P, Torborg AM, Farina Z, Smit R, Cairns C, Shanahan H, Sombili S, Mazibuko A, Hobbs HR, Porrill OS, Timothy NE, Siebritz RE, van der Westhuizen C, Troskie AJ, Blake CA, Gray LA, Munting TW, Steinhaus HKS, Rowe P, van der Walt JG, Isaacs Noordien R, Theron A, Biccard BM. Optimising perioperative care for hip and knee arthroplasty in South Africa: a Delphi consensus study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:140. [PMID: 29743063 PMCID: PMC5944094 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A structured approach to perioperative patient management based on an enhanced recovery pathway protocol facilitates early recovery and reduces morbidity in high income countries. However, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the feasibility of implementing enhanced recovery pathways and its influence on patient outcomes is scarcely investigated. To inform similar practice in LMICs for total hip and knee arthroplasty, it is necessary to identify potential factors for inclusion in such a programme, appropriate for LMICs. Methods Applying a Delphi method, 33 stakeholders (13 arthroplasty surgeons, 12 anaesthetists and 8 physiotherapists) from 10 state hospitals representing 4 South African provinces identified and prioritised i) risk factors associated with poor outcomes, ii) perioperative interventions to improve outcomes and iii) patient and clinical outcomes necessary to benchmark practice for patients scheduled for primary elective unilateral total hip and knee arthroplasty. Results Thirty of the thirty-three stakeholders completed the 3 months Delphi study. The first round yielded i) 36 suggestions to preoperative risk factors, ii) 14 (preoperative), 18 (intraoperative) and 23 (postoperative) suggestions to best practices for perioperative interventions to improve outcomes and iii) 25 suggestions to important postsurgical outcomes. These items were prioritised by the group in the consecutive rounds and consensus was reached for the top ten priorities for each category. Conclusion The consensus derived risk factors, perioperative interventions and important outcomes will inform the development of a structured, perioperative multidisciplinary enhanced patient care protocol for total hip and knee arthroplasty. It is anticipated that this study will provide the construct necessary for developing pragmatic enhanced care pathways aimed at improving patient outcomes after arthroplasty in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Plenge
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - M B Nortje
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L C Marais
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - J D Jordaan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tygerberg Medical School, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Parker
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N van der Westhuizen
- Department Anaesthesia, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - J F van der Merwe
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - J Marais
- Department of Physiotherapy, Paarl Provincial Hospital, Paarl, South Africa
| | - W V September
- Department of Physiotherapy, Paarl Provincial Hospital, Paarl, South Africa
| | - G L Davies
- Department of Anaesthesia, Paarl Provincial Hospital, Paarl, South Africa
| | - T Pretorius
- Department of Anaesthesia, Paarl Provincial Hospital, Paarl, South Africa
| | - C Solomon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Paarl Provincial Hospital, Paarl, South Africa
| | - P Ryan
- Arthroplasty and Sports Medicine unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A M Torborg
- Department of Anaesthesia, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Z Farina
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - R Smit
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - C Cairns
- Greys Pain clinic, Department of Anaesthesia, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - H Shanahan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - S Sombili
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Mazibuko
- Department of Anaesthesia, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - H R Hobbs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O S Porrill
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N E Timothy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R E Siebritz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - A J Troskie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Worcester Hospital, Worcester, South Africa
| | - C A Blake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Worcester Hospital, Worcester, South Africa
| | - L A Gray
- Department of Physiotherapy, New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T W Munting
- Department of Orthopaedics, New Somerset Hospital and Christiaan Barnard Memorial Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H K S Steinhaus
- Department of Anaesthesia, New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P Rowe
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Victoria Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J G van der Walt
- Department of Anaesthesia, Victoria Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Isaacs Noordien
- Department of Physiotherapy, Victoria Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Theron
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B M Biccard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Pretorius T, van Rensburg G, Dyer RA, Biccard BM. The influence of fluid management on outcomes in preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obstet Anesth 2017; 34:85-95. [PMID: 29398426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal fluid management strategy to ensure best outcomes in preeclamptic patients remains a controversial issue, with little evidence to support any one approach. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of various fluid management strategies on clinical outcomes, haemodynamic indices and biochemical markers in preeclamptic women and their babies. Primary outcome measures were the occurrence of pulmonary oedema and/or the development of renal impairment. METHODS A systematic review of randomised fluid management strategies was conducted. Five electronic databases were searched using the expanded search terms: 'intravenous fluid', 'plasma substitutes', 'intravenous fluid management', 'intravenous fluid therapy', plasma volume expansion', 'fluid restriction', 'oncotic therapy', 'crystalloids', 'colloids', 'preeclampsia', 'toxemia of pregnancy', 'pregnancy-induced hypertension', 'eclampsia' and 'gestational proteinuric hypertension'. RESULTS Six randomised controlled trials (RCTs), from nine publications, were included in the final analysis. There were no differences between groups with respect to the incidence of pulmonary oedema, perinatal mortality, preterm delivery and caesarean section. Colloid volume expansion was associated with a significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but had no effect on heart rate or cardiac index. Data on systemic vascular resistance (SVR), serum atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and urine volume could not be aggregated. CONCLUSION Data on the ideal fluid strategy in women with preeclampsia is limited, and insufficient to make any strong recommendations. Further randomised controlled studies are needed to provide more evidence for which fluid management strategies are best suited to this heterogeneous patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pretorius
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - G van Rensburg
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R A Dyer
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B M Biccard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Mwita L, Chan WY, Pretorius T, Lyantagaye SL, Lapa SV, Avdeeva LV, Reva ON. Gene expression regulation in the plant growth promoting Bacillus atrophaeus UCMB-5137 stimulated by maize root exudates. Gene 2016; 590:18-28. [PMID: 27259668 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite successful use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture, little is known about specific mechanisms of gene regulation facilitating the effective communication between bacteria and plants during plant colonization. Active PGPR strain Bacillus atrophaeus UCMB-5137 was studied in this research. RNA sequencing profiles were generated in experiments where root exudate stimulations were used to mimic interactions between bacteria and plants. It was found that the gene regulation in B. atrophaeus UCMB-5137 in response to the root exudate stimuli differed from the reported gene regulation at similar conditions in B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, which was considered as a paradigm PGPR. This difference was explained by hypersensitivity of UCMB-5137 to the root exudate stimuli impelling it to a sessile root colonization behavior through the CcpA-CodY-AbrB regulation. It was found that the transcriptional factor DegU also could play an important role in gene regulations during plant colonization. A significant stress caused by the root exudates on in vitro cultivated B. atrophaeus UCMB-5137 was noticed and discussed. Multiple cases of conflicted gene regulations showed scantiness of our knowledge on the regulatory network in Bacillus. Some of these conflicted regulations could be explained by interference of non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Search through differential expressed intergenic regions revealed 49 putative loci of ncRNA regulated by the root exudate stimuli. Possible target mRNA were predicted and a general regulatory network of B. atrophaeus UCMB-5137 genome was designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberata Mwita
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Dep. Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Rd, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Wai Yin Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Rd, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Theresa Pretorius
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Rd, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Sylvester L Lyantagaye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Svitlana V Lapa
- Dep. Antibiotics, D. K. Zabolotnogo Institute of Microbiology and Virology, 154 Zabolotnogo Str., Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Lilia V Avdeeva
- Dep. Antibiotics, D. K. Zabolotnogo Institute of Microbiology and Virology, 154 Zabolotnogo Str., Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Oleg N Reva
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Dep. Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Rd, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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