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Sappyabanphot J, Aye TT, Shreedhar P, Wasko Z, Antia K, Winkler V. Health interventions for migrants and refugees in host Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Understanding the different types of health interventions that have been conducted for migrants and refugees is crucial for the improvement and implementation of future health interventions for these populations. This systematic review aimed to identify and to look at the scope and outcomes of health interventions focused on migrants and refugees in the main host counties in Southeast Asia which are Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia.
Methods
This study was conducted in line with the PRISMA guidelines and its protocol has been submitted to PROSPERO. The following databases were searched until June 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Studies were excluded if: 1) they were conducted outside Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia; 2) had only had qualitative results; 3) were non-peer reviewed; 4) not written in English.
Results
The search yielded 8,266 studies, out of which 33 were included in the review. The majority of the studies (79%) were conducted in Thailand of which most were focused on migrants or refugees from Myanmar (85%). Besides two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mental health interventions, most Thai studies were observational (81%) and focused on infectious disease-related interventions (33%) or the evaluation of health-related programs (29%). Six studies were conducted in Malaysia (18%) of which 4 assessed mental health interventions in refugees. Three of these studies were RCTs, whereas 1 was an observational study. Only 1 study was situated in Singapore and was an RCT evaluating treatments for COVID-19 in migrant workers. Even in studies with similar interventions, outcomes were too diverse to conduct a meta-analysis.
Conclusions
The low number of studies highlights the gap in literature on health interventions for migrants and refugees, especially in Malaysia and Singapore. More rigorous and cohesive intervention-related research needs to be conducted in Southeast Asia.
Key messages
• More intervention-related research for migrant and refugee populations in the main Southeast Asian host countries is needed.
• Interventions for migrant and refugee populations in host countries in Southeast Asia often do not follow the gold standard RCT study design, limiting the knowledge on their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sappyabanphot
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - TT Aye
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Shreedhar
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Wasko
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Antia
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Winkler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
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Nyunt MH, Soe HO, Aye KT, Aung WW, Kyaw YY, Kyaw AK, Myat TW, Latt AZ, Win MM, Win AA, Htun YM, Zaw KM, Ei PW, Hein KT, San LL, Oo NAT, Lin H, Mon NCN, Yee KT, Htun KL, Aye LPP, Ko YK, Htoo THH, Aung KM, Azili H, Han SS, Zaw NN, Win SM, Thwe WM, Aye TT, Hlaing MS, Minn WY, Thu PP, Thu HM, Htun ZT. Surge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections linked to single introduction of a virus strain in Myanmar, 2020. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10203. [PMID: 33986354 PMCID: PMC8119731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major health concern globally. Genomic epidemiology is an important tool to assess the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several mutations have been reported by genome analysis of the SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we investigated the mutational and phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole-genome sequences for the virus's genomic characteristics in the specimens collected in the early phase of the pandemic (March-June, 2020) and the sudden surge of local transmission (August-September, 2020). The four samples in the early phase of infection were B.6 lineage and located within a clade of the samples collected at the same time in Singapore and Malaysia, while five returnees by rescue flights showed the lineage B. 1.36.1 (three from India), B.1.1 (one from India) and B.1.80 (one from China). However, there was no evidence of local spread from these returnees. Further, all 19 whole-genome sequences collected in the sudden surge of local transmission showed lineage B.1.36. The surge of the second wave on SARS-CoV-2 infection was linked to the single-introduction of a variant (B.1.36) that may result from the strict restriction of international travel and containment efforts. These genomic data provides the useful information to disease control and prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Htut Nyunt
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
| | - Hnin Ohnmar Soe
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Kay Thi Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Wah Wah Aung
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Yi Yi Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Aung Kyaw Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Theingi Win Myat
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Aung Zaw Latt
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Min Min Win
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Aye Aye Win
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Yin Min Htun
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Khaing Mar Zaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Phyu Win Ei
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Thu Hein
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Lai Lai San
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Nan Aye Thida Oo
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Htin Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Nan Cho Nwe Mon
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Khin Than Yee
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Khin Lapyae Htun
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Lynn Pa Pa Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Yamin Ko Ko
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Thitsar Htet Htet Htoo
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Kham Mo Aung
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Hnin Azili
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Soe Soe Han
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Ni Ni Zaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Su Mon Win
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Wai Myat Thwe
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Thin Thin Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Myat Su Hlaing
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine-2, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Wai Yan Minn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine-2, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Pyae Phyo Thu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine-2, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Hlaing Myat Thu
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Zaw Than Htun
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, 5, Ziwaka Road, Dagon, Yangon, 11191, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
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Nyunt MH, Soe MT, Myint HW, Oo HW, Aye MM, Han SS, Zaw NN, Cho C, Aung PZ, Kyaw KT, Aye TT, San NA, Ortega L, Thimasarn K, Bustos MDG, Galit S, Hoque MR, Ringwald P, Han ET, Kyaw MP. Clinical and molecular surveillance of artemisinin resistant falciparum malaria in Myanmar (2009-2013). Malar J 2017; 16:333. [PMID: 28806957 PMCID: PMC5557565 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria in Southeast Asian countries threatens the global control of malaria. Although K13 kelch propeller has been assessed for artemisinin resistance molecular marker, most of the mutations need to be validated. In this study, artemisinin resistance was assessed by clinical and molecular analysis, including k13 and recently reported markers, pfarps10, pffd and pfmdr2. Methods A prospective cohort study in 1160 uncomplicated falciparum patients was conducted after treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), in 6 sentinel sites in Myanmar from 2009 to 2013. Therapeutic efficacy of ACT was assessed by longitudinal follow ups. Molecular markers analysis was done on all available day 0 samples. Results True recrudescence treatment failures cases and day 3 parasite positivity were detected at only the southern Myanmar sites. Day 3 positive and k13 mutants with higher prevalence of underlying genetic foci predisposing to become k13 mutant were detected only in southern Myanmar since 2009 and comparatively fewer mutations of pfarps10, pffd, and pfmdr2 were observed in western Myanmar. K13 mutations, V127M of pfarps10, D193Y of pffd, and T448I of pfmdr2 were significantly associated with day 3 positivity (OR: 6.48, 3.88, 2.88, and 2.52, respectively). Conclusions Apart from k13, pfarps10, pffd and pfmdr2 are also useful for molecular surveillance of artemisinin resistance especially where k13 mutation has not been reported. Appropriate action to eliminate the resistant parasites and surveillance on artemisinin resistance should be strengthened in Myanmar. Trial registration This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02792816.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Htut Nyunt
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Myat Thu Soe
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Hla Win Myint
- Magway District Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sports, Magway, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Htet Wai Oo
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Moe Moe Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Soe Soe Han
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Ni Ni Zaw
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Cho Cho
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Phyo Zaw Aung
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Khin Thiri Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Thin Thin Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Naychi Aung San
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | | | - Krongthong Thimasarn
- World Health Organization Country Office for Myanmar, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | | | - Sherwin Galit
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Mohammad Rafiul Hoque
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myat Phone Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
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Nyunt MH, Aye KM, Kyaw KT, Han SS, Aye TT, Wai KT, Kyaw MP. Challenges encountered by local health volunteers in early diagnosis and prompt treatment of malaria in Myanmar artemisinin resistance containment zones. Malar J 2016; 15:308. [PMID: 27267877 PMCID: PMC4895800 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After artemisinin resistance was reported, the Myanmar artemisinin resistance containment (MARC) project was initiated in 2011. One of the activities of MARC is to train volunteers for early diagnosis and prompt treatment by providing rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and artemisinin combination therapy. This study aimed to fulfil the gap of information on the challenges faced by malaria volunteers in artemisinin-containment areas. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in 11 townships in MARC areas to assess the challenges in early diagnosis of malaria and treatment by malaria volunteers using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Results Altogether 405 volunteers participated in the study. Although 97.5 % of volunteers can interpret a positive result for malaria, only 41.2 % correctly stated the persistence of a positive result in recently infected cases. Over 80 % knew the effects of temperature and humidity on performance of the malaria RDT. Unexpectedly, 15.1 % perceived that expired RDTs can still be useful for diagnosis although 98.3 % of respondents cited that the overall results of RDTs were reliable. Although most of them knew the treatment for malaria based on RDT results, some could not give the correct answer, while a few (2 %) mentioned artesunate monotherapy for RDT-negative cases. Training received by volunteers was also varied in study sites and 92.1 % believed that it was not sufficient. A certain portion of them faced the problem of regular supply of RDTs (9.9 %) and drugs (47.5 %), interpretation of result of RDTs (30 %), and performing blood test (20 %). The median RDT tested per month (25th, 75th percentile) was 6.0 (2.0, 15.0) indicating the need for prioritization based on endemicity. Regular reporting, supervision, monitoring system, and proper refresher training using uniform content of guideline to correct misconception of the volunteers, were needed to be strengthened. Moreover, the reliable and regular supply of materials and exchange system for expired RDTs and anti-malarials was important in the effectiveness of volunteers in MARC zones. Conclusions Adequate refresher training, monitoring, supervision, and regular reliable supply of RDTs and anti-malarials were needed for capacity strengthening of volunteers in MARC zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Htut Nyunt
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
| | - Khin Myo Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Khin Thiri Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Soe Soe Han
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Thin Thin Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Khin Thet Wai
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Myat Phone Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
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Peng M, Aye TT, Snel B, van Breukelen B, Scholten A, Heck AJR. Spatial Organization in Protein Kinase A Signaling Emerged at the Base of Animal Evolution. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2976-87. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Peng
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thin Thin Aye
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical
Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Breukelen
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Scholten
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Aye TT, Low TY, Bjørlykke Y, Barsnes H, Heck AJR, Berven FS. Use of stable isotope dimethyl labeling coupled to selected reaction monitoring to enhance throughput by multiplexing relative quantitation of targeted proteins. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4999-5006. [PMID: 22548487 DOI: 10.1021/ac300596r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we present a proof-of-concept study for targeted relative protein quantitation workflow using chemical labeling in the form of dimethylation, coupled with selected reaction monitoring (dimethyl-SRM). We first demonstrate close to complete isotope incorporation for all peptides tested. The accuracy, reproducibility, and linear dynamic range of quantitation are further assessed based on known ratios of nonhuman standard proteins spiked into human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a model complex matrix. Quantitation reproducibility below 20% (CV < 20%) was obtained for analyte concentrations present at a dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the background proteins. An error of less than 15% was observed when measuring the abundance of 44 out of 45 major human plasma proteins. Dimethyl-SRM was further examined by comparing the relative quantitation of eight proteins in human CSF with the relative quantitation obtained using synthetic heavy peptides coupled to stable isotope dilution-SRM (SID-SRM). Comparison between the two methods reveals that the correlation between dimethyl-SRM and SID-SRM is within 0.3-33% variation, demonstrating the accuracy of relative quantitation using dimethyl-SRM. Dimethyl labeling coupled with SRM provides a fast, convenient, and cost-effective alternative for relative quantitation of a large number of candidate proteins/peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thin Thin Aye
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Abstract
Chemical proteomics is a versatile tool to investigate protein-small molecule interactions, but can be extended to probe also secondary binding investigating small molecule-protein 1-protein 2 interactions, providing insight into protein scaffolds. This application of chemical proteomics has in particular been applied extensively to cyclic nucleotide (cAMP, cGMP) signaling. cAMP regulates cellular functions primarily by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Compartmentalization of PKA plays an important role in the specificity of cAMP signaling events and is mediated by interaction of the regulatory subunit (PKA-R) with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), which often form the core of even larger protein machineries. The selective binding of AKAPs to one of the major isoforms PKA-R type I (PKA-RI) and PKA-R type II (PKA-RII) is an important feature of cAMP/PKA signaling. However, this specificity is not well established for most AKAPs. Here, we describe a chemical proteomics approach that combines cAMP-based affinity chromatography with quantitative mass spectrometry to investigate PKA-R isoform/AKAP specificity directly in lysates of cells and tissues of any origin. With this tool, several novel PKA-R/AKAP specificities can be easily resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangnapa Kovanich
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Kovanich D, van der Heyden MAG, Aye TT, van Veen TAB, Heck AJR, Scholten A. Sphingosine kinase interacting protein is an A-kinase anchoring protein specific for type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Chembiochem 2010; 11:963-71. [PMID: 20394097 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The compartmentalization of kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in the specificity of second-messenger-mediated signaling events. Localization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is mediated by interaction of its regulatory subunit (PKA-R) with the versatile family of A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Most AKAPs bind avidly to PKA-RII, while some have dual specificity for both PKA-RI and PKA-RII; however, no mammalian PKA-RI-specific AKAPs have thus far been assigned. This has mainly been attributed to the observation that PKA-RI is more cytosolic than the more heavily compartmentalized PKA-RII. Chemical proteomics screens of the cAMP interactome in mammalian heart tissue recently identified sphingosine kinase type 1-interacting protein (SKIP, SPHKAP) as a putative novel AKAP. Biochemical characterization now shows that SPHKAP can be considered as the first mammalian AKAP that preferentially binds to PKA-RIalpha. Recombinant human SPHKAP functions as an RI-specific AKAP that utilizes the characteristic AKAP amphipathic helix for interaction. Further chemical proteomic screening utilizing differential binding characteristics of specific cAMP resins confirms SPHKAPs endogenous specificity for PKA-RI directly in mammalian heart and spleen tissue. Immunolocalization studies revealed that recombinant SPHKAP is expressed in the cytoplasm, where PKA-RIalpha also mainly resides. Alignment of SPHKAPs' amphipathic helix with peptide models of PKA-RI- or PKA-RII-specific anchoring domains shows that it has largely only PKA-RIalpha characteristics. Being the first mammalian PKA-RI-specific AKAP with cytosolic localization, SPHKAP is a very promising model for studying the function of the less explored cytosolic PKA-RI signaling nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangnapa Kovanich
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center forBiomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kovanich D, van der Heyden MAG, Aye TT, van Veen TAB, Heck AJR, Scholten A. Cover Picture: Sphingosine Kinase Interacting Protein is an A-Kinase Anchoring Protein Specific for Type I cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (ChemBioChem 7/2010). Chembiochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Aye TT, Scholten A, Taouatas N, Varro A, Van Veen TAB, Vos MA, Heck AJR. Proteome-wide protein concentrations in the human heart. Mol BioSyst 2010; 6:1917-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c004495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boersema PJ, Aye TT, van Veen TAB, Heck AJR, Mohammed S. Triplex protein quantification based on stable isotope labeling by peptide dimethylation applied to cell and tissue lysates. Proteomics 2009; 8:4624-32. [PMID: 18850632 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling is at present one of the most powerful methods in quantitative proteomics. Stable isotope labeling has been performed at both the protein as well as the peptide level using either metabolic or chemical labeling. Here, we present a straightforward and cost-effective triplex quantification method that is based on stable isotope dimethyl labeling at the peptide level. Herein, all proteolytic peptides are chemically labeled at their alpha- and epsilon-amino groups. We use three different isotopomers of formaldehyde to enable the parallel analysis of three different samples. These labels provide a minimum of 4 Da mass difference between peaks in the generated peptide triplets. The method was evaluated based on the quantitative analysis of a cell lysate, using a typical "shotgun" proteomics experiment. While peptide complexity was increased by introducing three labels, still more than 1300 proteins could be identified using 60 microg of starting material, whereby more than 600 proteins could be quantified using at least four peptides per protein. The triplex labeling was further utilized to distinguish specific from aspecific cAMP binding proteins in a chemical proteomics experiment using immobilized cAMP. Thereby, differences in abundance ratio of more than two orders of magnitude could be quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Boersema
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Aye TT, Mohammed S, van den Toorn HWP, van Veen TAB, van der Heyden MAG, Scholten A, Heck AJR. Selectivity in enrichment of cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunits type I and type II and their interactors using modified cAMP affinity resins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 8:1016-28. [PMID: 19119138 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800226-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP regulates cellular functions primarily by activating PKA. The involvement of PKAs in various signaling pathways occurring simultaneously in different cellular compartments necessitates stringent spatial and temporal regulation. This specificity is largely achieved by binding of PKA to protein scaffolds, whereby a distinct group of proteins called A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) play a dominant role. AKAPs are a diverse family of proteins that all bind via a small PKA binding domain to the regulatory subunits of PKA. The binding affinities between PKA and several AKAPs can be different for different isoforms of the regulatory subunits of PKA. Here we employ a combination of affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to investigate specificity in PKA-AKAP interactions. Three different immobilized cAMP analogs were used to enrich for PKA and its interacting proteins from several systems; HEK293 and RCC10 cells and rat lung and testis tissues. Stable isotope labeling was used to confidently identify and differentially quantify target proteins and their preferential binding affinity for the three different cAMP analogs. We were able to enrich all four isoforms of the regulatory subunits of PKA and concomitantly identify more than 10 AKAPs. A selective enrichment of the PKA RI isoforms could be achieved; which allowed us to unravel which AKAPs bind preferentially to the RI or RII regulatory domains of PKA. Of the twelve AKAPs detected, seven preferentially bound to RII, whereas the remaining five displayed at least dual specificity with a potential preference for RI. For some of these AKAPs our data provide the first insights into their specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thin Thin Aye
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Aye TT, Loh KC. Biodegradation of High Strength Phenolic Wastewater in a Modified External Loop Inversed Fluidized Bed Airlift Bioreactor (EIFBAB). CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450810614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
We have developed an ultrafast pulse method for protein surface footprinting by laser-induced protein surface oxidations. This method makes use of a pulse UV laser that produces, in nanoseconds, a high concentration of hydroxyl (OH) free radicals by photodissociation of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. The OH radicals oxidize amino acid residues located on the protein surface to produce stable covalent modifications. The oxidized protein is then analyzed by mass spectrometry to map the oxidized amino acid residues. Ubiquitin and apomyoglobin were used as model proteins in this study. Our results show that a single laser pulse can produce extensive protein surface oxidations. We found that monooxidized ubiquitins were more susceptible to further oxidations by subsequent laser irradiation, as compared to nonoxidized ones. This is due to the conformational changes of proteins by oxidation that increases the solvent-accessible surface area. Therefore, it is crucial to perform this experiment with a single pulse of laser so as to avoid oxidation of proteins after conformation of the protein changes. Subsequently, to obtain a high frequency and coverage of the oxidation sites while keeping the number of laser shots to one, we further optimized the laser power and concentration of hydrogen peroxide as well as the concentration of protein. This ultrafast OH radical generation method allows for rapid and accurate detection of surface residues, enabling mapping of the solvent-accessible regions of a protein in its native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thin Thin Aye
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore
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15
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Aye TT, Bartholomeusz A, Shaw T, Bowden S, Breschkin A, McMillan J, Angus P, Locarnini S. Hepatitis B virus polymerase mutations during antiviral therapy in a patient following liver transplantation. J Hepatol 1997; 26:1148-53. [PMID: 9186847 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate possible resistance mutations which arose in the polymerase gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a patient with severe recurrent HBV infection following liver transplantation. The patient's management included antiviral chemotherapy for almost 4 years comprising ganciclovir, foscarnet and famciclovir. In the last 2.5 years of famciclovir treatment, an increase in serum HBV DNA levels and a reduced sensitivity of the virion-associated DNA polymerase to penciclovir triphosphate were observed. METHODS The viral polymerase gene and X gene were sequenced from serum samples collected at representative time intervals covering the entire treatment period. RESULTS No mutations were detected in the X gene. Three nucleotide mutations, each of which resulted in an altered amino acid sequence, were detected in the polymerase gene after 816 days of total antiviral therapy (370 days of famciclovir). Two of these mutations were detected by direct sequencing and the third was detected after cloning and was present in 10% of the clones. All three mutations occurred in "region B" of RNA-dependent DNA polymerases. The HBV polymerase has similarities to both RNA and DNA polymerases. These mutations in the HBV polymerase gene were located in a similar area to the penciclovir-induced mutations observed in the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene. CONCLUSIONS Three mutations within the HBV polymerase gene were detected which were associated with a reduced penciclovir sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Aye
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Fairfield Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Aye TT, Uchida T, Becker SO, Hirashima M, Shikata T, Komine F, Moriyama M, Arakawa Y, Mima S, Mizokami M. Variations of hepatitis B virus precore/core gene sequence in acute and fulminant hepatitis B. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39:1281-7. [PMID: 8200261 DOI: 10.1007/bf02093794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Variations of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore/core sequence has been shown to play a role in the development of active liver disease in chronic hepatitis B. Whether this is also an important viral factor in the pathogenesis of acute and fulminant hepatitis B is unknown. To determine the precore/core gene sequence in patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis B, 11 patients with fulminant hepatitis B and seven patients with acute hepatitis B were studied. The sequences of precore/core gene were determined by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction amplicons generated from the HBV isolated from patients' serum. For the 11 patients with fulminant hepatitis B, the precore/core regions were successfully amplified in 10 patients. Eight patients exhibited precore stop codon mutations. In addition, nine of the 10 fulminant hepatitis B patients had frequent nucleotide substitutions with corresponding changes in the predicted amino acid sequences in the mid-core and the 5' terminus region of the core gene. In contrast, precore stop codon mutants were not detected, and variations of the HBV core gene were minimal in patients with acute hepatitis B. The association of HBV precore mutants and HBV core gene variations with fulminant hepatitis B and not acute hepatitis B suggested that these variations may be important in modulating the clinical course of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Aye
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Uchida T, Aye TT, Shikata T, Yano M, Yatsuhashi H, Koga M, Mima S. Evolution of the hepatitis B virus gene during chronic infection in seven patients. J Med Virol 1994; 43:148-54. [PMID: 8083662 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890430209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the evolution of the precore/core gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) over a period of 6 to 11 years in seven patients with chronic HBV infection, who exhibited a variety of clinical features. Sequence analysis revealed the following results: (1) HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion was correlated roughly with the occurrence of precore-defective mutants, and several years appeared to be required for complete replacement of wild types by mutants; (2) core gene mutations preceded precore-defective mutations and tended to increase with time, although not cumulatively. They occurred not only during serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations but also after ALT returned to normal; (3) ALT fluctuations appeared to subside with complete replacement of the wild type by the mutant type and/or substantial accumulation of core gene mutations; (4) unexpectedly, the anti-HBe-positive "healthy" carrier was found to harbor the wild type precore gene, as did the HBeAg-positive "healthy" carrier; however, the core gene of the former evolved at a rapid rate; and (5) a partial deletion was recognized in the core gene at the onset of fatal hepatic failure in one patient. Thus, the precore/core mutation was closely related with the clinical features in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uchida
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Aye TT, Uchida T, Becker SO, Shikata T, Mima S. Completely or nearly identical hepatitis B virus strains replicate between patients with acute or fulminant hepatitis B and their respective infectious sources. J Med Virol 1994; 42:60-5. [PMID: 8308522 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890420112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Five patients with acute hepatitis B and four with fulminant hepatitis B were selected for sequencing of the precore/core gene of the virus strains. Furthermore, identical sequencing was done with the HBV of the infectious sources, i.e., the sexual partner in eight cases and a natural child (chronic carrier) infecting the mother in one case. Of the subjects responsible for the infection, four were healthy HBV carriers, three suffered from chronic hepatitis B, and one from acute and one from fulminant hepatitis B. The nucleotide sequences of HBV from both the patients and the implicated sources of infection exhibited perfect identity of the precore region and perfect or high identity of the core region. The completely or nearly identical strain of virus seemed to proliferate successively in the patients following the transmission from the infecting individuals regardless of sequence variations and infectious status. In two cases a peculiar pattern of infection and disease was found: In one married couple the husband, during the incubation period of acute hepatitis B, infected his wife, who developed fulminant hepatitis. In another married couple, both partners ultimately developed fulminant hepatitis (the wife being the source of the infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Aye
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Uchida T, Aye TT, Becker SO, Hirashima M, Shikata T, Komine F, Moriyama M, Arakawa Y, Takase S, Mima S. Detection of precore/core-mutant hepatitis B virus genome in patients with acute or fulminant hepatitis without serological markers for recent HBV infection. J Hepatol 1993; 18:369-72. [PMID: 8228132 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To confirm the possibility that some hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants do not induce HB s antigen (HBsAg), anti-HB core antibody (anti-HBc) and anti-HBc IgM in a transient infection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in 20 patients with acute hepatitis and 7 patients with fulminant hepatitis. Patients were diagnosed with non-A, non-B hepatitis by serological markers at admission. PCR successfully amplified the precore/core gene in 5 (25%) of the patients with acute hepatitis and 2 (29%) of the patients with fulminant hepatitis. Subsequent sequencing revealed frequent mutations including precore-defects in the precore/core gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uchida
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Uchida T, Aye TT, Ma X, Iida F, Shikata T, Ichikawa M, Rikihisa T, Win KM. An epidemic outbreak of hepatitis E in Yangon of Myanmar: antibody assay and animal transmission of the virus. Acta Pathol Jpn 1993; 43:94-8. [PMID: 8257479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An epidemic outbreak of hepatitis E occurred in an army recruit camp of Yangon, Myanmar, in October 1989. One hundred and eleven patients among 600 residents were hospitalized. As high as 83.7% of these patients were positive for the acute phase antibody against hepatitis E virus by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed in our laboratory. Also, 30.6% of 49 symptom-free residents examined were positive for the antibody. We prepared a stool extract from six patients and inoculated it into 10 rhesus monkeys for a series of three sub-passages. All of them developed acute biochemical hepatitis along with an elevation of antibody levels. A rechallenge with viruses of the present outbreak failed to provoke hepatitis in two monkeys that had previously recovered from acute hepatitis caused by an isolate of sporadic hepatitis E of the same area. Similarly, the rechallenge of the sporadic strain did not induce hepatitis in two monkeys that had been previously infected with the epidemic virus. These data suggested that the subjects would obtain neutralizing antibodies against the hepatitis E virus once infected, and many adult inhabitants of the endemic area had no protective antibodies and were still susceptible to hepatitis E infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uchida
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Aye TT, Uchida T, Ma X, Iida F, Shikata T, Ichikawa M, Rikihisa T, Win KM. Sequence and gene structure of the hepatitis E virus isolated from Myanmar. Virus Genes 1993; 7:95-109. [PMID: 8470371 DOI: 10.1007/bf01702352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Hepatitis E occurs not only in sporadic forms but also in epidemic outbreaks in the developing world. We have revealed the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of full cDNA of HEV isolated from sporadic hepatitis E of Myanmar. The genome is 7194 nucleotides long, followed by a poly(A) tail, and has three open reading frames. The nonstructural gene is located in the 5' terminus, while the structural gene is situated in the 3' terminus. Our HEV strain has 98.5% nucleic acid identity with the HEV strain cloned by workers at Genelabs Incorporated from Myanmar. The difference is point nucleotide substitutions. There is a high degree of nucleotide relatedness among HEVs isolated from the same geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Aye
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Aye TT, Uchida T, Ma XZ, Iida F, Shikata T, Zhuang H, Win KM. Complete nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis E virus isolated from the Xinjiang epidemic (1986-1988) of China. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:3512. [PMID: 1630924 PMCID: PMC312512 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.13.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T T Aye
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Aye TT, Uchida T, Ma X, Iida F, Shikata T, Zhuang H, Win KM. Sequence comparison of the capsid region of hepatitis E viruses isolated from Myanmar and China. Microbiol Immunol 1992; 36:615-21. [PMID: 1387921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1992.tb02061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E viruses (HEVs) were isolated during epidemics, one from Myanmar (formerly called Burma) and one from China and were partially sequenced. Another HEV Myanmar strain from sporadic hepatitis was previously sequenced by us. A cDNA sequence comparison was performed among them in the 3'-terminal region, approximately 750-base long. This region contained at least two immunological epitopes and was considered to correspond to the structural protein. The nucleotide sequence identity was 97.2% between the two Myanmar strains and 93.3 and 92.5% between the two Myanmar and the China strain. The deduced amino acid sequence identity ranged from 98.4 to 100.0% among the three strains. Thus this segment was well conserved on the amino acid level among the different strains isolated from these two Asian countries, although the China strain diverged more from the Myanmar strains on the nucleotide sequence level. This data may provide important information for the development of a vaccine and for identification of the virological link between different geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Aye
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim YC, Kudo H, Ogawa K, Ohshio G, Aye TT, Nakashima Y, Takakura K, Fujii S, Inada M, Yamabe H. Vitamin B12 R-binder localization in the human uterus: an immunohistochemical study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159:522-6. [PMID: 3044119 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(88)80121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The localization of vitamin B12 R-binder in the uterus was studied by use of an immunoperoxidase technique. Positive staining by anti-R-binder antiserum was observed in the columnar epithelium of the endocervix (18/18 cases) and in the surface epithelium of the endometrium (8/21 cases). Staining was usually seen in the apical portion of the epithelium; cytoplasmic staining in the endocervical columnar epithelium was intense. The secretory products in the endocervical glands showed positive staining. The endometrial glandular epithelium did not stain (0/24 cases). Metaplastic squamous epithelium of the endocervix showed positive staining (3/18 cases). The native squamous epithelium as well as the stromal components of the cervix, endometrium, and myometrium were negative for R-binder. This study shows that R-binder is localized in the uterus, especially in the endocervical glands. The R-binder in the endocervix may have antimicrobial activity in the uterus as in other organs, such as the intestines and mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Aye TT, Middlemiss JH. Unusual presentation of non-parasitic hepatic cyst. Br J Radiol 1977; 50:440-3. [PMID: 871592 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-50-594-440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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