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Hackney JA, Shivram H, Vander Heiden J, Overall C, Orozco L, Gao X, Kim E, West N, Qamra A, Chang D, Chakrabarti A, Choy DF, Combes AJ, Courau T, Fragiadakis GK, Rao AA, Ray A, Tsui J, Hu K, Kuhn NF, Krummel MF, Erle DJ, Kangelaris K, Sarma A, Lyon Z, Calfee CS, Woodruff PG, Ghale R, Mick E, Byrne A, Zha BS, Langelier C, Hendrickson CM, van der Wijst MGP, Hartoularos GC, Grant T, Bueno R, Lee DS, Greenland JR, Sun Y, Perez R, Ogorodnikov A, Ward A, Ye CJ, Ramalingam T, McBride JM, Cai F, Teterina A, Bao M, Tsai L, Rosas IO, Regev A, Kapadia SB, Bauer RN, Rosenberger CM. A myeloid program associated with COVID-19 severity is decreased by therapeutic blockade of IL-6 signaling. iScience 2023; 26:107813. [PMID: 37810211 PMCID: PMC10551843 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered myeloid inflammation and lymphopenia are hallmarks of severe infections. We identified the upregulated EN-RAGE gene program in airway and blood myeloid cells from patients with acute lung injury from SARS-CoV-2 or other causes across 7 cohorts. This program was associated with greater clinical severity and predicted future mechanical ventilation and death. EN-RAGEhi myeloid cells express features consistent with suppressor cell functionality, including low HLA-DR and high PD-L1. Sustained EN-RAGE program expression in airway and blood myeloid cells correlated with clinical severity and increasing expression of T cell dysfunction markers. IL-6 upregulated many EN-RAGE program genes in monocytes in vitro. IL-6 signaling blockade by tocilizumab in a placebo-controlled clinical trial led to rapid normalization of EN-RAGE and T cell gene expression. This identifies IL-6 as a key driver of myeloid dysregulation associated with worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients and provides insights into shared pathophysiological mechanisms in non-COVID-19 ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Hackney
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Haridha Shivram
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Chris Overall
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Luz Orozco
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nathan West
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aditi Qamra
- Hoffman-La Roche Limited, 7070 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 5M8, Canada
| | - Diana Chang
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - David F Choy
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexis J Combes
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tristan Courau
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Arjun Arkal Rao
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arja Ray
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Tsui
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Hu
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas F Kuhn
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - David J Erle
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Aartik Sarma
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Lyon
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rajani Ghale
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eran Mick
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Byrne
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Monique G P van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tianna Grant
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raymund Bueno
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David S Lee
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yang Sun
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Perez
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Ward
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Fang Cai
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anastasia Teterina
- Hoffman-La Roche Limited, 7070 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 5M8, Canada
| | - Min Bao
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Larry Tsai
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Rebecca N Bauer
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Balaji G, Yadav G, Patel SA, Ramesh A, Nema S, Ramalingam T. Accuracy of Femoral Tunnel Placement between Anteromedial and Anterolateral Visualisation Portals in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - Outcomes of a CT based Cross-Sectional Study. Malays Orthop J 2023; 17:7-12. [PMID: 37583529 PMCID: PMC10424999 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2307.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anatomical femoral tunnel placement is critical for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Tunnel placement may vary with different surgical techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of femoral tunnel placement between the Anteromedial (AM) and Anterolateral (AL) visualisation portals on post-operative CT scans among a cohort of ACLR patients. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to March 2020 after obtaining ethics clearance. Patients who went for arthroscopic ACLR in our institute were divided into an AM (group 1) and an AL (group 2) based on the visualisation portal for creating the femoral tunnel and a 3D CT scan was done. The femoral tunnel position was calculated in deep to shallow and high to low direction using the Bernard Hertel grid. Femoral tunnel angle was measured in the 2D coronal image. Statistical analysis was done with the data collected. Results Fifty patients with an average age of 26.36 (18-55) years ±7.216 SD were enrolled in the study. In this study, the AM technique was significantly more accurate (p<0.01) than the AL technique in terms of femoral tunnel angle. Furthermore, the deep to the shallow position was significantly (p= 0.018) closer to normative values, as determined by the chi-square test. The chances of error in tunnel angle in femoral condyle are 2.6 times greater in the AL technique (minimal clinical difference). Conclusion To conclude, in ACLR the anteromedial visualisation portal can facilitate accurate femoral tunnel placement compared to the anterolateral visualisation portal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Balaji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - G Yadav
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - S A Patel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - A Ramesh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - S Nema
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - T Ramalingam
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sarvajanik College of Physiotherapy Rampura, Surat, India
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Ramalingam T, Kishore Nath N, Selvaraj N, Veera Sai Vikranth Reddy A. Tool Wear and its Effect on Residual Tensile Strength in Drilling of Quartz Cyanate Ester Polymeric Composite. DEFENCE SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.72.17770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Quartz-Fibre-Reinforced cyanate ester Plastics (QFRP) has superior performance in terms of mechanical, electromagnetic properties and are being widely used in military applications. Drilling is the general machining process for making hole to join the composite part to another sub-assembly. This study presents an influence of optimized drilling parameters on carbide tool wear and its impact on hole characteristics in QFRP composite. The aim is to achieve the optimum use of drill during the drilling process from application perspective without compromising the quality. In addition, the effect of tool wear and its impact on residual tensile strength of quartz composite are studied. The dominant wear mechanism observed is flank wear caused by the abrasive nature of the quartz fibre. The tool wear and delamination factor after drilling 200 holes are 186 µm and 1.40 respectively. The residual strength is affected by the tool wear due to relatively poor interlaminar property between fiber and resin in this quartz composite. The residual strength of quartz specimen drilled with the tool after drilling 200 holes is 14 % lower than the property of specimen drilled with fresh drill. The highlight of the present work is a combined analysis of wear in the tool, delamination induced and residual strength of quartz specimen. The results of this study strengthen the understanding of the drilling process of quartz polymeric composite material in aerospace applications.
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Balaji G, Kumar G, Jagadevan M, Ramalingam T, Barathi D, Singh Gaur G. Impact of Structural and Physiological Changes in the Vastus Medialis Muscle Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction on Short Term Patient-Reported Knee Function. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2022. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2022.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yadav J, Reddy BS, Reddy EJ, Ramalingam T. Microwave-Assisted Efficient synthesis of Dihydro Pyrimidines: Improved High Yielding Protocol for the Biginelli Reaction. Journal of Chemical Research 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823400103167633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyrimidines were synthesised in high yields by one-pot cyclocondensation reaction of aldehydes, aceto-acetates and urea using various acid catalysts like Amberlyst-15, Nafion-H, KSF clay and dry acetic acid under microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.S. Yadav
- Organic Division-1, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - B.V. Subba Reddy
- Organic Division-1, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - E. Jagan Reddy
- Organic Division-1, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - T. Ramalingam
- Organic Division-1, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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Srinivas R, Reddy BS, Yadav J, Ramalingam T. An Efficient and Selective conversion of Hydrazides into Esters and Acids. Journal of Chemical Research 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823400103167958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrazides are selectively oxidised to esters/acids in high yields using Oxone® in the presence of an appropriate alcohol/water as a nucleophile at ambient temperature. A variety of functional groups including alkenes, alcohols, ethers, cyclopropyl groups and nitriles are unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Srinivas
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - B.V. Subba Reddy
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - J.S. Yadav
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - T. Ramalingam
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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Abstract
Some concepts of dependence have recently been introduced by Ebrahimi (1987) to explore the structural properties of the hitting times of bivariate processes. In this framework, the special case of univariate processes has curious features. New properties are derived for this case. Some applications to sequential inference and inequalities for Brownian motion and new better than used (NBU) processes are also provided.
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Yadav JS, Reddy BVS, Venugopal C, Srinivas R, Ramalingam T. MICROWAVE-ACCELERATED SYNTHESIS OF 4-CHLOROTETRAHYDROPYRANS BY BISMUTH(III) CHLORIDE*. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Yadav
- a Organic Chemistry Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - B. V. Subba Reddy
- a Organic Chemistry Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Ch. Venugopal
- a Organic Chemistry Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - R. Srinivas
- a Organic Chemistry Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - T. Ramalingam
- a Organic Chemistry Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Ramalingam T, Subba Reddy BV, Srinivas R, Yadav JS. Solvent-Free Conversion of N,N-Dimethylhydrazones to Nitriles Under Microwave Irradiation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910008087080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Ramalingam
- a Organic Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - B. V. Subba Reddy
- a Organic Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - R. Srinivas
- a Organic Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - J. S. Yadav
- a Organic Division-I , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Jones OM, Ramalingam T, Merrie A, Cunningham C, George BD, Mortensen NJM, Lindsey I. Randomized clinical trial of botulinum toxin plus glyceryl trinitrate vs. botulinum toxin alone for medically resistant chronic anal fissure: overall poor healing rates. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49:1574-80. [PMID: 16988850 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-006-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to assess whether addition of glyceryl trinitrate to botulinum toxin improves the healing rate of glyceryl trinitrate-resistant fissures over that achieved with botulinum toxin alone. METHODS Patients were randomized between botulinum toxin plus glyceryl trinitrate (Group A) and botulinum toxin plus placebo paste (Group B). Patients were seen at baseline, four and eight weeks, and six months. The primary end point was fissure healing at eight weeks. Secondary end points were symptomatic relief, need for surgery, side effects, and reduction in maximum resting and squeeze pressures. RESULTS Thirty patients were randomized. Two-thirds of patients had maximum anal resting pressures below or within the normal range at entry to the study. Healing rates in both treatment groups were disappointing. There was a nonsignificant trend to better outcomes in Group A compared with Group B in terms of fissure healing (47 vs. 27 percent), symptomatic improvement (87 vs. 67 percent), and resort to surgery (27 vs. 47 percent). CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence to suggest that combining glyceryl trinitrate with botulinum toxin is superior to the use of botulinum toxin alone for glyceryl trinitrate-resistant anal fissure. The poor healing rate may reflect the fact that many of the patients did not have significant anal spasm at trial entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Jones
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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Ramalingam T, Edwards DP. Letter 2: French multicentre prospective observational study of laparoscopic versus open colectomy for sigmoid diverticular disease (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 1520-1525). Br J Surg 2006; 93:504. [PMID: 16555247 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury frequently leads to bowel dysfunction with the result that emptying the bowel can occupy a significant part of the day and reduce the quality of life. This chapter contains an overview of the function and morphology of the normal distal gut in the human, and of gut behaviour in normal defecation. In humans, this can be monitored and is described, but knowledge of the mechanisms controlling it is limited. Work on animals has shown that the intrinsic activity of the smooth muscles and their interactions with the enteric nervous system can program the activity that is necessary to expel waste material, but the external anal sphincter is controlled through somatic nerves. The gut however also receives input from the central nervous system through autonomic nerves, and a spinal reflex centre exists. Voluntary effort to induce defecation can influence all the control mechanisms, but the precise importance of each is not understood. The behaviour and properties of the individual muscles in the normal human rectum and anal canal are described, including their responses to intrinsic nerve stimulation and adrenergic and cholinergic agonists. The effects of established spinal cord injury are then considered. For convenience, supraconal and conal/cauda equina lesions are considered as two categories. Prolongation of transit times and disordered defecation are common problems. Supraconal lesions result in reduced resting anal pressures and increased risk of fecal incontinence. The acute effects of spinal cord injury are described, with injury causing ileus (prolonged total gastrointestinal transit times), constipation (prolonged colonic transit times) and fecal incontinence (passive leakage).
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Brading
- Oxford Continence Group, University Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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Ramalingam T, Pathak G, Barker P. A method for determining the rate of major limb amputations in battle casualties: experiences of a British Field Hospital in Iraq, 2003. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2005; 87:113-6. [PMID: 15826422 PMCID: PMC1963866 DOI: 10.1308/1478708051685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of battle casualties undergoing surgery at 34 Field Hospital, the sole Coalition field hospital in Iraq during the conflict, sustained injuries to the extremities. To compare our experiences with those from previous conflicts, we report data on major limb amputations and propose a method for determining the rate of major limb amputation in a conflict setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of battle casualties admitted to the hospital was carried out based on casualty records and operating theatre logbooks. Data were collected for the period 26 March and 8 May 2003, focusing on casualties undergoing surgery for battle-injured extremities during the conflict. RESULTS 68 (55%) casualties underwent surgery for battle injuries to extremities. Six upper and eight lower limb amputations (proximal to carpals and tarsals) were carried out from a total of 87 battle-injured limbs that had surgery, giving an overall amputation rate of 16% (14/87). CONCLUSIONS In presenting our amputation rate of 16%, we highlight the lack of uniformity in describing 'amputation rates' between conflicts. A consistent method for quantifying amputations performed in a conflict setting could prove to be a useful tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ramalingam
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham UK.
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Ramalingam T. Extremity Injuries Remain A High Surgical Workload In A Conflict Zone: Experiences Of A British Field Hospital In Iraq, 2003. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2004; 150:187-90. [PMID: 15624410 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-150-03-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During this conflict 34 Field Hospital, the sole Coalition field hospital located in Iraq, received and treated casualties with a wide range of injuries. Located very close to the front line during the period of combat hostilities, it was potentially going to deal with relatively fewer battle-injured extremities. METHOD A retrospective review of battle casualties admitted to the hospital was carried out based on casualty records and operating theatre logbooks. Data was collected for the period between the 26th March and the 8th May, focusing on casualties who had surgery for battle-injured extremities during the conflict. RESULTS Sixty eight (55%) of the 124 casualties who underwent surgery did so for battle injuries to extremities. 139 (58%) of all operating theatre episodes and 189 (53%) of all surgical procedures undertaken were for battle-injured extremities. Fourteen major limb amputations were carried out from a total of 87 battle-injured limbs that had surgery, giving an amputation rate of sixteen percent (14/87). CONCLUSION The experience at 34 Field Hospital confirms that extremity injuries do confer a high surgical workload in war. Surgical resources should, therefore, be aimed at this and surgical teams deployed to such environments should be well versed in the surgical management of casualties with limb trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ramalingam
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford.
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Amin AI, Ramalingam T, Sexton R, Heald RJ, Leppington-Clarke A, Moran BJ. Comparison of transanal stent with defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2003; 90:581-2. [PMID: 12734866 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stent is a potential alternative to a stoma
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Amin
- Colorectal Research Unit, North Hampshire Hospital, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, UK
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Sabitha G, Abraham S, Ramalingam T, Yadav JS. A facile method for the preparation and cleavage of 1,1-diacetates of aldehydes. j chem res (s) 2002. [DOI: 10.3184/030823402103171447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yadav JS, Subba Reddy BV, Srinivas R, Madhuri C, Ramalingam T. Lithium Perchlorate/Diethylether Catalyzed Aza-Diels-Alder Reaction: An Expeditious Synthesis of Pyrano, Indeno Quinolines and Phenanthridines. Synlett 2001. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-10777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Complexes of the heat shock protein gp96 and antigenic peptides are taken up by antigen-presenting cells and presented by MHC class I molecules. In order to explain the unusual efficiency of this process, the uptake of gp96 had been postulated to occur through a receptor, identified recently as CD91. We show here that complexes of peptides with heat shock proteins hsp90, calreticulin, and hsp70 are also taken up by macrophages and dendritic cells and re-presented by MHC class I molecules. All heat shock proteins utilize the CD91 receptor, even though some of the proteins have no homology with each other. Postuptake processing of gp96-chaperoned peptides requires proteasomes and the transporters associated with antigen processing, utilizing the classical endogenous antigen presentation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Basu
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, MC1601, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Yadav JS, Subba Reddy BV, Srinivas R, Venugopal C, Ramalingam T. LiClO4-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones: An Improved Protocol for Biginelli Reaction. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2001. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Murty M, Ramalingam T, Sabitha G, Yadav J. Facile Synthesis of 9,10-Dihydro-4H-Benzo [4,5] Cyclohepta [1,2-b] Thiophene-4-One: A Crucial Drug Intermediate-Application of Wittig-Horner Reaction. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2001.7.5.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yadav J, Reddy E, Madhavi G, Ramalingam T. FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 3-(THIOPHENOXY/PHENOXY)- 4-PHENYL-1,2-DIHYDRO-2-QUINOLINONES. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2000. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2000.6.5.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Measurements of broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) and velocity of ultrasound through the heel (heel velocity, HV) were performed with a Contact Ultrasonic Bone Analyzer (CUBA-Research model) in 229 women. The subjects consisted of 16 healthy young volunteers (Group 1, mean age 26 years), 170 healthy pre- and postmenopausal women (Group 2, mean age 53 years), and 43 osteoporotic women with radiographically defined vertebral crush fracture (Group 3, mean age 66 years). Subjects in Group 1 had 10 repeated measurements in a study of short-term precision. Women in Groups 2 and 3 also had dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to measure lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). The BUA and HV measurements for all 229 women showed a significant correlation (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). The precision study on the subjects in Group 1 gave a root mean square coefficient of variation of 6.3% for BUA and 1.04% for HV. Linear regression analysis gave the following relationship between BUA and age for the 170 normal women in Group 2: BUA = 83.6-0.86 (age 40) dB/MHz (r = -0.31, P < 0.001, SEE = 16.3 dB/MHz). The relationship between HV and age was as follows: HV = 1614-2:3 (age 40) m/s (r = -0.33, P < 0.001, SEE = 42 m/s). Multivariate regression analysis showed that in addition to age, years since the menopause was also a significant factor in determining both BUA and HV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Herd
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
The assessment of skeletal integrity by the measurement of ultrasonic velocity through the calcaneus has only recently become widely available and is usually made in conjunction with the measurement of broadband ultrasonic attenuation. Using data obtained with a contact ultrasonic bone analyser (CUBA) system, this report examines whether ultrasonic studies of the heel require the measurement of true velocity of sound in the calcaneus (Vbone), or whether heel velocity (Vheel, defined as the mean velocity through bone and soft tissue) or time of flight velocity (Vtof, defined as the mean velocity between the two transducers) are adequate surrogates. The populations selected for study were 15 healthy young women (group 1, mean age 26 years), 231 healthy peri- and postmenopausal women (group 2, mean age 52 years) and 33 osteoporotic women with confirmed vertebral fracture (group 3, mean age 66 years). Precision was studied by performing 10 repeated scans on the subjects in group 1 and duplicate scans on 144 women randomly selected in groups 2 and 3. Precision was expressed as the percentage coefficient of variation (CV). Both precision studies yielded similar results. The precisions (and 5% to 95% ranges) for all groups combined were: Vbone 2.71% (1465-1809 m/s); Vheel, 1.10% (1511-1646 m/s): Vtof, 0.70% (1349-1425 m/s). Although the precision data suggest Vtof should be preferred, when the range of clinical values is taken into account the smaller CV is exactly cancelled by the narrower range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Miller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Kamal A, Ramalingam T, Venugopal N. Enantioselective hydrolysis of aryloxypropionic esters by bovine serum albumin: Enhancement in selectivity by β-cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)82154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ramalingam T, Sattur PB. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of benzal-3-pentadecylaryloxyalkyl carboxylic acid hydrazides and 2-benzalamino-5-(3′-pentadecylaryloxyalkyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. Eur J Med Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(90)90150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Murty MSR, Ramalingam T, Sattur PB. Synthesis of novel 3-carboethoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyrimido[1′,2′:5,6]-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570270423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Murthy MSR, Nageswar YVD, Reddy AVN, Ramalingam T, Sattur PB. Synthesis of 3-carboethoxy-4,11-dihydro-11-alkyl/phenyl-4-oxopyrimido[1,2-b][1,2,4]benzothiadiazine 6,6-dioxides. A novel heterocyclic ring system. J Heterocycl Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570260241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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