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Pohl T, Sun YL, Obertelli A, Lee J, Gómez-Ramos M, Ogata K, Yoshida K, Cai BS, Yuan CX, Brown BA, Baba H, Beaumel D, Corsi A, Gao J, Gibelin J, Gillibert A, Hahn KI, Isobe T, Kim D, Kondo Y, Kobayashi T, Kubota Y, Li P, Liang P, Liu HN, Liu J, Lokotko T, Marqués FM, Matsuda Y, Motobayashi T, Nakamura T, Orr NA, Otsu H, Panin V, Park SY, Sakaguchi S, Sasano M, Sato H, Sakurai H, Shimizu Y, Stefanescu AI, Stuhl L, Suzuki D, Togano Y, Tudor D, Uesaka T, Wang H, Xu X, Yang ZH, Yoneda K, Zenihiro J. Multiple Mechanisms in Proton-Induced Nucleon Removal at ∼100 MeV/Nucleon. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:172501. [PMID: 37172241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first proton-induced single proton- and neutron-removal reactions from the neutron-deficient ^{14}O nucleus with large Fermi-surface asymmetry S_{n}-S_{p}=18.6 MeV at ∼100 MeV/nucleon, a widely used energy regime for rare-isotope studies. The measured inclusive cross sections and parallel momentum distributions of the ^{13}N and ^{13}O residues are compared to the state-of-the-art reaction models, with nuclear structure inputs from many-body shell-model calculations. Our results provide the first quantitative contributions of multiple reaction mechanisms including the quasifree knockout, inelastic scattering, and nucleon transfer processes. It is shown that the inelastic scattering and nucleon transfer, usually neglected at such energy regime, contribute about 50% and 30% to the loosely bound proton and deeply bound neutron removal, respectively. These multiple reaction mechanisms should be considered in analyses of inclusive one-nucleon removal cross sections measured at intermediate energies for quantitative investigation of single-particle strengths and correlations in atomic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y L Sun
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - A Obertelli
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Lee
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - M Gómez-Ramos
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1065, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - K Ogata
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - B S Cai
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - C X Yuan
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - B A Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1321, USA
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Beaumel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Corsi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Gao
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - J Gibelin
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France
| | - A Gillibert
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K I Hahn
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, South Korea
| | - T Isobe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, South Korea
| | - Y Kondo
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, RIKEN campus, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - P Liang
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - H N Liu
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - T Lokotko
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - F M Marqués
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France
| | - Y Matsuda
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Physics, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - T Motobayashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - N A Orr
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France
| | - H Otsu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - V Panin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Y Park
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Sakaguchi
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - M Sasano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sato
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Shimizu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A I Stefanescu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, 077125 Bucureşti-Măgurele, Romania
- Doctoral School of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Bucureşti-Măgurele, Romania
| | - L Stuhl
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, South Korea
| | - D Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Togano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 172-8501, Japan
| | - D Tudor
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, 077125 Bucureşti-Măgurele, Romania
- Doctoral School of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Bucureşti-Măgurele, Romania
| | - T Uesaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Wang
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - X Xu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Z H Yang
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Yoneda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Zenihiro
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Sánchez-Baena J, Politi C, Maucher F, Ferlaino F, Pohl T. Heating a dipolar quantum fluid into a solid. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1868. [PMID: 37015907 PMCID: PMC10073146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Raising the temperature of a material enhances the thermal motion of particles. Such an increase in thermal energy commonly leads to the melting of a solid into a fluid and eventually vaporises the liquid into a gaseous phase of matter. Here, we study the finite-temperature physics of dipolar quantum fluids and find surprising deviations from this general phenomenology. In particular, we describe how heating a dipolar superfluid from near-zero temperatures can induce a phase transition to a supersolid state with a broken translational symmetry. We discuss the observation of this effect in experiments on ultracold dysprosium atoms, which opens the door for exploring the unusual thermodynamics of dipolar quantum fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sánchez-Baena
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Politi
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Maucher
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Departament de Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears & IAC-3, Campus UIB, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Pohl
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Nielsen KK, Pohl T, Bruun GM. Nonequilibrium Hole Dynamics in Antiferromagnets: Damped Strings and Polarons. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:246601. [PMID: 36563255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.246601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We develop a nonperturbative theory for hole dynamics in antiferromagnetic spin lattices, as described by the t-J model. This is achieved by generalizing the self-consistent Born approximation to nonequilibrium systems, making it possible to calculate the full time-dependent many-body wave function. Our approach reveals three distinct dynamical regimes, ultimately leading to the formation of magnetic polarons. Following the initial ballistic stage of the hole dynamics, coherent formation of string excitations gives rise to characteristic oscillations in the hole density. Their damping eventually leaves behind magnetic polarons that undergo ballistic motion with a greatly reduced velocity. The developed theory provides a rigorous framework for understanding nonequilibrium physics of defects in quantum magnets and quantitatively explains recent observations from cold-atom quantum simulations in the strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Knakkergaard Nielsen
- Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - G M Bruun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Whitelaw DA, Pohl T. COVID-19 constrictive pericarditis. S Afr Med J 2022; 112:13500. [PMID: 35139988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has been reported to affect a variety of organs. We report a case of constrictive pericarditis in a patient who had contracted the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Other possible causes such as tuberculosis and metabolic causes were considered, but excluded by special investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Whitelaw
- Department of Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Walther V, Grünwald P, Pohl T. Controlling Exciton-Phonon Interactions via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:173601. [PMID: 33156663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly excited Rydberg states of excitons in Cu_{2}O semiconductors provide a promising approach to explore and control strong particle interactions in a solid-state environment. A major obstacle has been the substantial absorption background that stems from exciton-phonon coupling and lies under the Rydberg excitation spectrum, weakening the effects of exciton interactions. Here, we demonstrate that two-photon excitation of Rydberg excitons under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be used to control this background. Based on a microscopic theory that describes the known single-photon absorption spectrum, we analyze the conditions under which two-photon EIT permits separating the optical Rydberg excitation from the phonon-induced absorption background, and even suppressing it entir7ely. Our findings thereby pave the way for the exploitation of Rydberg blockade with Cu_{2}O excitons in nonlinear optics and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Walther
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - P Grünwald
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Nielsen KK, Camacho-Guardian A, Bruun GM, Pohl T. Superfluid Flow of Polaron Polaritons above Landau's Critical Velocity. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:035301. [PMID: 32745417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a theory for the interaction of light with superfluid optical media, describing the motion of quantum impurities that are created and dragged through the liquid by propagating photons. It is well known that a mobile impurity suffers dissipation due to phonon emission as soon as it moves faster than the speed of sound in the superfluid-Landau's critical velocity. Surprisingly we find that in the present hybrid light-matter setting, polaritonic impurities can be protected against environmental decoherence and be allowed to propagate well above the Landau velocity without jeopardizing the superfluid response of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Knakkergaard Nielsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A Camacho-Guardian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - G M Bruun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - T Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Pohl MAN, Wang T, Pohl T, Sweetman J, Martin SAM, Secombes CJ. Four selenoprotein P genes exist in salmonids: Analysis of their origin and expression following Se supplementation and bacterial infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209381. [PMID: 30571741 PMCID: PMC6301783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The following research was conducted to elucidate the evolution and expression of salmonid selenoprotein P (SelP), a selenoprotein that is unique in having multiple selenocysteine (Sec) residues, following supranutritional selenium supplementation and infection in rainbow trout. We show that in salmonids SelP is present as four paralogues and that the diversification of SelP genes during vertebrate evolution relates to whole genome duplication events. With 17 and 16 selenocysteine residues for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)/Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SelPa1 and SelPa2 proteins respectively and 1 or 2 (trout or salmon) and 4 or 3 (trout or salmon) selenocysteine residues for salmonid SelPb1 and SelPb2 proteins respectively, this is the highest number of (predicted) multiple selenocysteine containing SelP proteins reported for any vertebrate species to date. To investigate the effects of selenium form on SelP expression we added different concentrations (1 nM– 10 μM) of organic or inorganic selenium to a trout cell line (RTG-2 cells) and analysed changes in mRNA abundance. We next studied the impact of supplementation on the potential modulation of these transcripts by PAMPs and proinflammatory cytokines in RTG-2 and RTS-11 cells. These experiments revealed that selenium type influenced the responses, and that SelP gene subfunctionalisation was apparent. To get an insight into the expression patterns in vivo we conducted a feeding trial with 2 diets differing in selenium content and 5 weeks later challenged the trout with a bacterial pathogen (Aeromonas salmonicida). Four tissues were analysed for SelP paralogue expression. The results show a significant induction of SelPa1 in gills and intestine following infection in selenium supplemented fish and for SelPa2 in gills. SelPb1 was significantly reduced in head kidney of both diet groups following infection, whilst SelPb2 was significantly upregulated in skin of both diet groups post infection. Overall these findings reveal differential expression profiles for the SelPa/SelPb paralogues in trout, influenced by selenium supply, cell type/tissue and stimulant. The increase of multiple Sec containing SelP proteins in salmonids could indicate an enhanced requirement for selenium in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz A. N. Pohl
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (M.A.N.P.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Thitiya Pohl
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - John Sweetman
- Alltech, Springcroft, Mosshill, Brora, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (M.A.N.P.); (C.J.S.)
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Gutekunst V, MÜller AU, Pohl T, BrÜmmer F, Malik H, Fawzi N, Erpenbeck D, Lehnert H. A new fistulose demosponge species from the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa 2018; 4450:565-574. [PMID: 30314253 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During a scientific expedition to the Palinurus Rock, Persian Gulf, Iraq, a reef, which was discovered first in 2012, we found a new species which we tentatively assigned to Ciocalypta (Porifera, Demospongiae, Suberitida, Halichondriidae). Genetic results from different authors (Morrow Cardenas, 2015, Redmond et al., 2013, Erpenbeck et al., 2012) suggest that several species of Ciocalypta and other species from Suberitida (e.g. several Axinyssa, Petromica, Topsentia, Cymbastela, Halichondria (Eumastia)) are indeed no Suberitida but belong to taxa yet unnamed. The species described here genetically clearly belongs to this new taxon outside Suberitida which awaits definition. Morphologically the new species clearly would be classified as Ciocalypta. Therefore the new species is described and compared to similar morphological species, some of them, as the type species, true Suberitida and true Ciocalypta, others belong to taxa still in need of a name.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gutekunst
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Scientific Diving Group (WiTUS), Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Abstract
Mobile impurities in a Bose-Einstein condensate form quasiparticles called polarons. Here, we show that two such polarons can bind to form a bound bipolaron state. Its emergence is caused by an induced nonlocal interaction mediated by density oscillations in the condensate, and we derive using field theory an effective Schrödinger equation describing this for an arbitrarily strong impurity-boson interaction. We furthermore compare with quantum Monte Carlo simulations finding remarkable agreement, which underlines the predictive power of the developed theory. It is found that bipolaron formation typically requires strong impurity interactions beyond the validity of more commonly used weak-coupling approaches that lead to local Yukawa-type interactions. We predict that the bipolarons are observable in present experiments, and we describe a procedure to probe their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camacho-Guardian
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L A Peña Ardila
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - G M Bruun
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Murray CR, Mirgorodskiy I, Tresp C, Braun C, Paris-Mandoki A, Gorshkov AV, Hofferberth S, Pohl T. Photon Subtraction by Many-Body Decoherence. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:113601. [PMID: 29601756 PMCID: PMC6467281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the scattering of a photonic quantum field from another stored in a strongly interacting atomic Rydberg ensemble. Considering the many-body limit of this problem, we derive an exact solution to the scattering-induced spatial decoherence of multiple stored photons, allowing for a rigorous understanding of the underlying dissipative quantum dynamics. Combined with our experiments, this analysis reveals a correlated coherence-protection process in which the scattering from one excitation can shield all others from spatial decoherence. We discuss how this effect can be used to manipulate light at the quantum level, providing a robust mechanism for single-photon subtraction, and experimentally demonstrate this capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Murray
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Mirgorodskiy
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Tresp
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - C Braun
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - A Paris-Mandoki
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hofferberth
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Bredow J, Kretzschmar M, Wunderlich G, Dörr W, Pohl T, Franke WG, Kotzerke J. Therapy of malignant ascites in vivo by 211At-labelled microspheres. Nuklearmedizin 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Aim: Determination of the biological effect of the alpha emitter 211At on cellular level as well as the assessment of dosimetric data in a tumour model in vivo. Methods: Transplantation of malignant ascitic cells in mice intraperitoneally and estimation of tumour characteristics (doubling time of the cells, mean survival of the animals following an i.p. application of a defined tumour cell number). 211At labelled human serum albumine microspheres B-20 (MSP) of variing activity were injected into tumour bearing mice intraperitoneally. The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated by means of determination of the duration of cell cycle arrest as well as the microscopic analysis of the rate of abnormal mitotic cells due to radiation induced damage. Furthermore, dose dependence of survival was evaluated. Results: Three days following the intraperitoneally application of 8 x 106 tumour cells, 50-600 kBq 211At-MSP were applied into the abdominal cavity. Considering the volume of ascites at this time and the administered activity, dose calculations were performed. An activity of 50 kBq caused a dose of 0.84 Gy. The increase of radiation induced effect on ascitic tumour cells was correlated with the dose. Between the duration of the cell cycle arrest and the administered activity, a directly proportional correlation was found. The mean survival of non-treated animals was 16.9 ± 3.7 days. The prolongation of the survival was proportional to the activity administered. Using a dosage of 10 Gy, five animals out of 16 survived. Conclusion: Therapy of malignant ascitic cells using 211At-MSP was effective in vivo. For tumour therapy, the 211At represents a highly effective alternative to usually applied beta emitters.
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Mukherjee RK, Harrison JL, Roujol S, Neiji R, Chubb H, Williams S, Whitaker J, O'neill L, Silberbauer J, Pohl T, Lloyd T, O'neill M, Razavi R. P1811Assessment of acute ablation injury in the swine left ventricle delivered using real time MRI guidance. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux161.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Gaul C, DeSalvo BJ, Aman JA, Dunning FB, Killian TC, Pohl T. Resonant Rydberg Dressing of Alkaline-Earth Atoms via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:243001. [PMID: 27367387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We develop an approach to generate finite-range atomic interactions via optical Rydberg-state excitation and study the underlying excitation dynamics in theory and experiment. In contrast to previous work, the proposed scheme is based on resonant optical driving and the establishment of a dark state under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Analyzing the driven dissipative dynamics of the atomic gas, we show that the interplay between coherent light coupling, radiative decay, and strong Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions leads to the emergence of sizable effective interactions while providing remarkably long coherence times. The latter are studied experimentally in a cold gas of strontium atoms for which the proposed scheme is most efficient. Our measured atom loss is in agreement with the theoretical prediction based on binary effective interactions between the driven atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaul
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - B J DeSalvo
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - J A Aman
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - F B Dunning
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T C Killian
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T Pohl
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Langin TK, Strickler T, Maksimovic N, McQuillen P, Pohl T, Vrinceanu D, Killian TC. Publisher's Note: Demonstrating universal scaling for dynamics of Yukawa one-component plasmas after an interaction quench [Phys. Rev. E 93, 023201 (2016)]. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:049905. [PMID: 27176447 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.049905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.93.023201.
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15
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Maucher F, Pohl T, Skupin S, Krolikowski W. Self-Organization of Light in Optical Media with Competing Nonlinearities. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:163902. [PMID: 27152806 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.163902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the propagation of light beams through optical media with competing nonlocal nonlinearities. We demonstrate that the nonlocality of competing focusing and defocusing nonlinearities gives rise to self-organization and stationary states with stable hexagonal intensity patterns, akin to transverse crystals of light filaments. Signatures of this long-range ordering are shown to be observable in the propagation of light in optical waveguides and even in free space. We consider a specific form of the nonlinear response that arises in atomic vapor upon proper light coupling. Yet, the general phenomenon of self-organization is a generic consequence of competing nonlocal nonlinearities, and may, hence, also be observed in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maucher
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Skupin
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - W Krolikowski
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Science Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Langin TK, Strickler T, Maksimovic N, McQuillen P, Pohl T, Vrinceanu D, Killian TC. Demonstrating universal scaling for dynamics of Yukawa one-component plasmas after an interaction quench. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:023201. [PMID: 26986426 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Yukawa one-component plasma (OCP) model is a paradigm for describing plasmas that contain one component of interest and one or more other components that can be treated as a neutralizing, screening background. In appropriately scaled units, interactions are characterized entirely by a screening parameter, κ. As a result, systems of similar κ show the same dynamics, regardless of the underlying parameters (e.g., density and temperature). We demonstrate this behavior using ultracold neutral plasmas (UNPs) created by photoionizing a cold (T≤10 mK) gas. The ions in UNP systems are well described by the Yukawa model, with the electrons providing the screening. Creation of the plasma through photoionization can be thought of as a rapid quench of the interaction potential from κ=∞ to a final κ value set by the electron density and temperature. We demonstrate experimentally that the postquench dynamics are universal in κ over a factor of 30 in density and an order of magnitude in temperature. Results are compared with molecular-dynamics simulations. We also demonstrate that features of the postquench kinetic energy evolution, such as disorder-induced heating and kinetic-energy oscillations, can be used to determine the plasma density and the electron temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Langin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - T Strickler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - N Maksimovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - P McQuillen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - D Vrinceanu
- Department of Physics, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, USA
| | - T C Killian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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17
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Abstract
We develop a theoretical framework to characterize the decoherence dynamics due to multi-photon scattering in an all-optical switch based on Rydberg atom induced nonlinearities. By incorporating the knowledge of this decoherence process into optimal photon storage and retrieval strategies, we establish optimized switching protocols for experimentally relevant conditions, and evaluate the corresponding limits in the achievable fidelities. Based on these results we work out a simplified description that reproduces recent experiments (Nat. Commun. 7 12480) and provides a new interpretation in terms of many-body decoherence involving multiple incident photons and multiple gate excitations forming the switch. Aside from offering insights into the operational capacity of realistic photon switching capabilities, our work provides a complete description of spin wave decoherence in a Rydberg quantum optics setting, and has immediate relevance to a number of further applications employing photon storage in Rydberg media.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Murray
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
| | - T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Schauss P, Zeiher J, Fukuhara T, Hild S, Cheneau M, Macri T, Pohl T, Bloch I, Gross C. Crystallization in Ising quantum magnets. Science 2015; 347:1455-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1258351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Rieth N, Carle A, Müller M, ter Meer D, Direnberger C, Pohl T, Sondermann P. Characterization of SM201, an anti-hFcγRIIB antibody not interfering with ligand binding that mediates immune complex dependent inhibition of B cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 160:145-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Drenckhahn JD, Magarin M, Pohl T, Lill A, Donath S, Thierfelder L. P313Embryonic cardiomyocytes can orchestrate various cell protective mechanisms to survive metabolic stress. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu091.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate a viable approach to spin squeezing in optical lattice clocks via optical dressing of one clock state to a highly excited Rydberg state, generating switchable atomic interactions. For realistic experimental parameters, these interactions are shown to generate over 10 dB of squeezing in large ensembles within a few microseconds and without degrading the subsequent clock interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I R Gil
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Mukherjee
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - E M Bridge
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - M P A Jones
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Abstract
More than 40 years ago, Andreev, Lifshitz and Chester suggested the possible existence of a peculiar solid phase of matter, the microscopic constituents of which can flow superfluidly without resistance due to the formation of zero-point defects in the ground state of self-assembled crystals. Yet, a physical system where this mechanism is unambiguously established remains to be found, both experimentally and theoretically. Here we investigate the zero-temperature phase diagram of two-dimensional bosons with finite-range soft-core interactions. For low particle densities, the system is shown to feature a solid phase in which zero-point vacancies emerge spontaneously and give rise to superfluid flow of particles through the crystal. This provides the first example of defect-induced, continuous-space supersolidity consistent with the Andreev-Lifshitz-Chester scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Cinti
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics (NITheP), Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - T. Macrì
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - W. Lechner
- IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Science, and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G. Pupillo
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - T. Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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23
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Abstract
We propose and analyze a new scheme to produce ultracold neutral plasmas deep in the strongly coupled regime. The method exploits the interaction blockade between cold atoms excited to high-lying Rydberg states and therefore does not require substantial extensions of current ultracold plasma experiments. Extensive simulations reveal a universal behavior of the resulting Coulomb coupling parameter, providing a direct connection between the physics of strongly correlated Rydberg gases and ultracold plasmas. The approach is shown to reduce currently accessible temperatures by more than an order of magnitude, which opens up a new regime for ultracold plasma research and cold ion-beam applications with readily available experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bannasch
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Potente H, Kretschmer K, Pohl T. Physico-Mathematical Model for the Description of the Temperature Development and the Power Consumption in Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tightly intermeshing, co-rotating twin-screw extruders are commonly employed for tasks requiring good mixing. The modular constitution of both barrel and screw makes it possible to optimise the extruder configuration for a given task. Even today this optimisation is frequently done by applying the “Trial and Error”-method. Physico-mathematical models enable the process engineer to predict the process behaviour of a chosen extruder configuration and to optimise existing extrusion processes.
Increasing demands in mixing quality and efficiency of the processing unit result in efforts to optimise existing extruders with respect to those factors. For this reason knowledge concerning the temperature profile along the screw and the power consumption is essential. We present a new physico-mathematical model for the description of the temperature development. At stages where the analytical solution itself would result in a not satisfying degree of accuracy we used descriptions based on finite element simulation results to achieve the desired exactness. As a result we got a model to describe the temperature development in the screw channel and a model to describe the power consumption in different screw sections. Applying these models it is possible to optimise the process parameters and the screw configuration with only a minimum of preceding experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Potente
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Paderborn, Germany
| | - K. Kretschmer
- Süddeutsches Kunststoff-Zentrum, Kunststoff-Forschung und -Entwicklung, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T. Pohl
- Troester Maschinenfabrik, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Bannasch G, Castro J, McQuillen P, Pohl T, Killian TC. Velocity relaxation in a strongly coupled plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:185008. [PMID: 23215292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.185008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Collisional relaxation of Coulomb systems is studied in the strongly coupled regime. We use an optical pump-probe approach to manipulate and monitor the dynamics of ions in an ultracold neutral plasma, which allows direct measurement of relaxation rates in a regime where common Landau-Spitzer theory breaks down. Numerical simulations confirm the experimental results and display non-Markovian dynamics at early times.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bannasch
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Henkel N, Cinti F, Jain P, Pupillo G, Pohl T. Supersolid vortex crystals in Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:265301. [PMID: 23004994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.265301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study rotating quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates, in which atoms are dressed to a highly excited Rydberg state. This leads to weak effective interactions that induce a transition to a mesoscopic supersolid state. Considering slow rotation, we determine its superfluidity using quantum Monte Carlo simulations as well as mean field calculations. For rapid rotation, the latter reveal an interesting competition between the supersolid crystal structure and the rotation-induced vortex lattice that gives rise to new phases, including arrays of mesoscopic vortex crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Henkel
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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27
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Li W, Pohl T, Rost JM, Rittenhouse ST, Sadeghpour HR, Nipper J, Butscher B, Balewski JB, Bendkowsky V, Löw R, Pfau T. A Homonuclear Molecule with a Permanent Electric Dipole Moment. Science 2011; 334:1110-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1211255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Noethnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - T. Pohl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Noethnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. M. Rost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Noethnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Seth T. Rittenhouse
- Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (ITAMP), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - H. R. Sadeghpour
- Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (ITAMP), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J. Nipper
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B. Butscher
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J. B. Balewski
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - V. Bendkowsky
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R. Löw
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T. Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Abstract
We present an analytical theory for the nonlinear optical response of a strongly interacting Rydberg gas under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. Simple formulas for the third-order optical susceptibility are derived and shown to be in excellent agreement with recent experiments. The obtained expressions reveal strong nonlinearities, which in addition are of highly nonlocal character. This property together with the enormous strength of the Rydberg-induced nonlinearities is shown to yield a unique laboratory platform for nonlinear wave phenomena, such as collapse-arrested modulational instabilities in a self-defocusing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sevinçli
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Maucher F, Henkel N, Saffman M, Królikowski W, Skupin S, Pohl T. Rydberg-induced solitons: three-dimensional self-trapping of matter waves. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:170401. [PMID: 21635018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.170401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for the creation of stable three-dimensional bright solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates, i.e., the matter-wave analog of so-called spatiotemporal "light bullets." Off-resonant dressing to Rydberg nD states is shown to provide nonlocal attractive interactions, leading to self-trapping of mesoscopic atomic clouds by a collective excitation of a Rydberg atom pair. We present detailed potential calculations and demonstrate the existence of stable solitons under realistic experimental conditions by means of numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maucher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Bendkowsky V, Butscher B, Nipper J, Balewski JB, Shaffer JP, Löw R, Pfau T, Li W, Stanojevic J, Pohl T, Rost JM. Rydberg trimers and excited dimers bound by internal quantum reflection. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:163201. [PMID: 21230969 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In a combined experimental and theoretical effort we report on two novel types of ultracold long-range Rydberg molecules. First, we demonstrate the creation of triatomic molecules of one Rydberg atom and two ground-state atoms in a single-step photoassociation. Second, we assign a series of excited dimer states that are bound by a so far unexplored mechanism based on internal quantum reflection at a steep potential drop. The properties of the Rydberg molecules identified in this work qualify them as prototypes for a new type of chemistry at ultracold temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bendkowsky
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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31
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Henkel N, Nath R, Pohl T. Three-dimensional roton excitations and supersolid formation in Rydberg-excited Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:195302. [PMID: 20866972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.195302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study the behavior of a Bose-Einstein condensate in which atoms are weakly coupled to a highly excited Rydberg state. Since the latter have very strong van der Waals interactions, this coupling induces effective, nonlocal interactions between the dressed ground state atoms, which, opposed to dipolar interactions, are isotropically repulsive. Yet, one finds partial attraction in momentum space, giving rise to a roton-maxon excitation spectrum and a transition to a supersolid state in three-dimensional condensates. A detailed analysis of decoherence and loss mechanisms suggests that these phenomena are observable with current experimental capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Henkel
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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32
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Schempp H, Günter G, Hofmann CS, Giese C, Saliba SD, Depaola BD, Amthor T, Weidemüller M, Sevinçli S, Pohl T. Coherent population trapping with controlled interparticle interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:173602. [PMID: 20482108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate coherent population trapping in a strongly interacting ultracold Rydberg gas. Despite the strong van der Waals interactions and interparticle correlations, we observe the persistence of a resonance with subnatural linewidth at the single-particle resonance frequency as we tune the interaction strength. This narrow resonance cannot be understood within a mean-field description of the strong Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. Instead, a many-body density matrix approach, accounting for the dynamics of interparticle correlations, is shown to reproduce the observed spectral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schempp
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Schmitz C, Wolf M, Sodian R, Pohl T, Lange P, Abicht J, Nikolaou K, Schmoeckel M, Wenke K, Steinbeck G, Reichart B, Boekstegers P. The Munich Grosshadern team approach for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: primary and redo procudures. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pohl T, Demler E, Lukin MD. Dynamical crystallization in the dipole blockade of ultracold atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:043002. [PMID: 20366704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method for controlling many-body states in extended ensembles of Rydberg atoms, forming crystalline structures during laser excitation of a frozen atomic gas. Specifically, we predict the existence of an excitation-number staircase in laser excitation of atomic ensembles into Rydberg states. It is shown that such ordered states can be selectively excited by chirped laser pulses, and, via quantum state transfer from atoms to light, be used to create crystalline photonic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Pohl T, Berman PR. Breaking the dipole blockade: nearly resonant dipole interactions in few-atom systems. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:013004. [PMID: 19257188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.013004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A dipole blockade, in which Rydberg-atom-Rydberg-atom interactions inhibit all but a single collective Rydberg excitation, has been proposed as a mechanism to store and manipulate quantum information in mesoscopic ensembles. We investigate the excitation dynamics of a collection of a few atoms and show that they undergo an unexpected, qualitative change when the number of atoms increases from two to three. In particular, the combined action of three atoms, each of which pairwise would produce a blockade, can break the dipole blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Pohl T, Vrinceanu D, Sadeghpour HR. Rydberg atom formation in ultracold plasmas: small energy transfer with large consequences. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:223201. [PMID: 18643419 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present extensive Monte Carlo calculations of electron-impact-induced transitions between highly excited Rydberg states and provide accurate rate coefficients. For moderate energy changes, our calculations confirm the widely applied expressions in P. Mansbach and J. Keck [Phys. Rev. 181, 275 (1969)] but reveal strong deviations at small energy transfer. Simulations of ultracold plasmas demonstrate that these corrections significantly impact the short-time dynamics of three-body Rydberg atom formation. The improved rate coefficients yield quantitative agreement with recent ultracold plasma experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Laha S, Gupta P, Simien CE, Gao H, Castro J, Pohl T, Killian TC. Experimental realization of an exact solution to the Vlasov equations for an expanding plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:155001. [PMID: 17995174 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.155001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We study the expansion of ultracold neutral plasmas in the regime in which inelastic collisions are negligible. The plasma expands due to the thermal pressure of the electrons, and for an initial spherically symmetric Gaussian density profile, the expansion is self-similar. Measurements of the plasma size and ion kinetic energy using fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy show that the expansion follows an analytic solution of the Vlasov equations for an adiabatically expanding plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Gupta P, Laha S, Simien CE, Gao H, Castro J, Killian TC, Pohl T. Electron-temperature evolution in expanding ultracold neutral plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:075005. [PMID: 17930904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.075005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have used the free expansion of ultracold neutral plasmas as a time-resolved probe of electron temperature. A combination of experimental measurements of the ion expansion velocity and numerical simulations characterize the crossover from an elastic-collision regime at low initial Gamma(e), which is dominated by adiabatic cooling of the electrons, to the regime of high Gamma(e) in which inelastic processes drastically heat the electrons. We identify the time scales and relative contributions of various processes, and we experimentally show the importance of radiative decay and disorder-induced electron heating for the first time in ultracold neutral plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Kyriakopoulos A, Richter A, Pohl T, Wolf C, Grbavac I, Plotnikov A, Kühbacher M, Bertelsmann H, Behne D. Protein expression in the tissues of the cardiovascular system of the rat under selenium deficiency and adequate conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1095:300-4. [PMID: 17404042 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1397.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of selenium in tissues of the cardiovascular system. In order to examine the expression of the heart and aorta proteins (part of them) in the homogenate of selenium-deficient (Se(-)) and selenium control rats (Se(+)), two-dimensional electrophoresis was used by means of giga gels (30 x 35 cm). After electrophoresis, the protein expression pattern of the (Se(-)) gel and (Se(+)) gel was compared. The evaluation of the protein difference was implemented by means of a computer program suitable for the analysis of protein separated by the two-dimensional electrophoresis. In this way more than 2000 proteins a gel (heart) were detected and more than 1900 protein spots were detected in the aorta fraction. Ten significant differences were found between the gel of (Se(+)) and (Se(-)) heart homogenate of the rat and more than 15 significant differences between the gel of (Se(+)) and (Se(-)) of the aorta. By means of MALDI-MS-ESI-MS some of these proteins with different expression levels were not determined until now. Of those, three proteins were detected as the alpha myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC), myosin light chain 1 and 2 (MLC 1 and 2), and the mitochondrial enzyme creatinine kinase. First results suggest that selenium deficiency affects myocardial energy metabolism and contractile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kyriakopoulos
- Department of Molecular Trace Element, Research in the Life Sciences, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
It is shown that the two-step excitation scheme typically used to create an ultracold Rydberg gas can be described with an effective two-level rate equation, greatly reducing the complexity of the optical Bloch equations. This allows us to efficiently solve the many-body problem of interacting cold atoms with a Monte Carlo technique. Our results reproduce the observed excitation blockade effect. However, we demonstrate that an Autler-Townes double peak structure in the two-step excitation scheme, which occurs for moderate pulse lengths as used in the experiment, can give rise to an antiblockade effect. It is most pronounced for atoms arranged on a lattice. Since the effect is robust against a large number of lattice defects it should be experimentally realizable with an optical lattice created by CO2 lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ates
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
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Pohl T, Sadeghpour HR, Nagata Y, Yamazaki Y. Cooling by spontaneous decay of highly excited antihydrogen atoms in magnetic traps. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:213001. [PMID: 17155740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.213001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient cooling mechanism of magnetically trapped, highly excited antihydrogen (H) atoms is presented. This cooling, in addition to the expected evaporative cooling, results in trapping of a large number of H atoms in the ground state. It is found that the final fraction of trapped atoms is insensitive to the initial distribution of H magnetic quantum numbers. Expressions are derived for the cooling efficiency, demonstrating that magnetic quadrupole (cusp) traps provide stronger cooling than higher order magnetic multipoles. The final temperature of H confined in a cusp trap is shown to depend as approximately 2.2T(n0)n(0)(-2/3) on the initial Rydberg level n0 and temperature T(n0).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Pohl T, Sadeghpour HR, Gabrielse G. New interpretations of measured antihydrogen velocities and field ionization spectra. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:143401. [PMID: 17155247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present extensive Monte Carlo simulations, showing that cold antihydrogen (H) atoms are produced when antiprotons (p) are gently heated in the side wells of a nested Penning trap. The observed H with high energies, that had seemed to indicate otherwise, are instead explained by a surprisingly effective charge-exchange mechanism. We shed light on the previously measured field-ionization spectrum, and reproduce both the characteristic low-field power law as well as the enhanced H production at higher fields. The latter feature is shown to arise from H toms too deeply bound to be described as guiding center atoms, atoms with internally chaotic motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Ebeling W, Filinov A, Bonitz M, Filinov V, Pohl T. The method of effective potentials in the quantum-statistical theory of plasmas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/17/s01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We have performed an in-vitro examination of the morphology of flap thickness and stromal bed after LASIK in porcine eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly enucleated porcine eyes and synthetic eye models were used for cutting flaps with the microkeratomes Hansatome-Excellus (Bausch&Lomb), M2 single use (Moria), Amadeus (AMO), MK-2000 (Nidek) and Carriazo-Pendular (Schwind). The flap thickness of porcine eyes was determined using a non-contact, confocal optical distance measuring device (CHR 150N, Jurca), in the eye models a mechanical thickness measuring device (Käfler) was used. The morphology of the stromal bed was examined by photography, histology, scanning electron microscopy and confocal optical distance measurements. RESULTS The optical/mechanical flap thickness measurements showed an average difference compared to the adjusted thickness of - 3/+ 90 microm (Hansatome-Excellus), + 7/+ 100 microm (M2 single use), - 35/+ 40 microm (Amadeus), - 4/+ 80 microm (MK-2000) and + 11/+ 0 microm (Carriazo-Pendular). Histology showed no mechanical damage and smooth, slightly undulating surfaces with all microkeratomes. In the scanning electron microscopic examination, the stromal surface was found to be homogeneous and smooth for all of the microkeratomes. Average roughness of the ablation surface was 0.27 microm (Hansatome-Excellus), 0.23 microm (M2 single use), 0.21 microm (Amadeus), 0.23 microm (MK-2000) and 0.29 microm (Carriazo-Pendular). CONCLUSION The stromal bed showed in all cases only a slightly roughness, which seems to be acceptable for the clinical outcome. However, the more critical point is the large variations in flap thickness compared to the intended thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schäfer
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Ulm.
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Pohl T, Kupatt C, Steinbeck G, Boekstegers P. Angiographic and clinical outcome for the treatment of in-stent restenosis with sirolimus-eluting stent compared to vascular brachytherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 94:405-10. [PMID: 15940441 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-005-0253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the use of coronary stents for the treatment of coronary artery disease, in-stent restenosis became a major clinical problem. In this non-randomized study, we examined the use of stent-based delivery of sirolimus (rapamycin) for the treatment of in-stent restenosis in comparison to intracoronary beta-brachytherapy, regarding the clinical effectiveness and the angiographic results for the treatment of in-stent restenosis after 6-9 months. METHODS AND RESULTS Between July 2001 and May 2002, 28 patients (65+/-11 years) with instent restenosis were treated with intracoronary brachytherapy. Consecutively, between May 2002 and April 2003, 28 patients (65+/-10 years) with in-stent restenosis were treated with the implantation of a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES). Patients with in-stent restenosis treated by implantation of a SES had significantly lower incidence of in-stent restenosis (1/28 (3.6%) vs 10/28 (36%); p=0.007) and insegment restenosis (4/28 (14%) vs 14/28 (50%); p=0.013) compared to patients treated with brachytherapy. Target lesion and target vessel revascularization rate tended to be lower in the SES group (14 vs 25%) but did not yet reach statistical significance. One patient died in the group treated by implantation of a SES eight months after stenting, one patient suffered from myocardial infarction due to a subtotal in-stent restenosis after brachytherapy. Two patients after brachytherapy underwent surgical revascularization due to recurrent in-stent restenosis similar to the patient with in-stent restenosis after SES implantation. CONCLUSION In this study we show the feasibility and safety of the treatment of in-stent restenosis by implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents and demonstrate a lower incidence of recurrent in-stent restenosis as well as lower late luminal loss compared to treatment by intravascular brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Grosshadern University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
We investigate the strongly correlated ion dynamics and the degree of coupling achievable in the evolution of freely expanding ultracold neutral plasmas. We demonstrate that the ionic Coulomb coupling parameter Gamma(i) increases considerably in later stages of the expansion, reaching the strongly coupled regime despite the well known initial drop of Gamma(i) to order unity due to disorder-induced heating. Furthermore, we formulate a suitable measure of correlation and show that Gamma(i) calculated from the ionic temperature and density reflects the degree of order in the system if it is sufficiently close to a quasisteady state. At later times, however, the expansion of the plasma cloud becomes faster than the relaxation of correlations, and the system does not reach thermodynamic equilibrium anymore.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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Bredow J, Kretzschmar M, Wunderlich G, Dörr W, Pohl T, Franke WG, Kotzerke J. [Therapy of malignant ascites in vivo by 211At-labelled microspheres]. Nuklearmedizin 2004; 43:63-8. [PMID: 15029267 DOI: 10.1267/nukl04020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Determination of the biological effect of the alpha emitter (211)At on cellular level as well as the assessment of dosimetric data in a tumour model in vivo. METHODS Transplantation of malignant ascitic cells in mice intraperitoneally and estimation of tumour characteristics (doubling time of the cells, mean survival of the animals following an i.p. application of a defined tumour cell number). (211)At labelled human serum albumin microspheres B-20 (MSP) of varying activity were injected into tumour bearing mice intraperitoneally. The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated by means of determination of the duration of cell cycle arrest as well as the microscopic analysis of the rate of abnormal mitotic cells due to radiation induced damage. Furthermore, dose dependence of survival was evaluated. RESULTS Three days following the intraperitoneally application of 8 x 10(6) tumour cells, 50-600 kBq (211)At-MSP were applied into the abdominal cavity. Considering the volume of ascites at this time and the administered activity, dose calculations were performed. An activity of 50 kBq caused a dose of 0.84 Gy. The increase of radiation induced effect on ascitic tumour cells was correlated with the dose. Between the duration of the cell cycle arrest and the administered activity, a directly proportional correlation was found. The mean survival of non-treated animals was 16.9 +/- 3.7 days. The prolongation of the survival was proportional to the activity administered. Using a dosage of 10 Gy, five animals out of 16 survived. CONCLUSION Therapy of malignant ascitic cells using (211)At-MSP was effective in vivo. For tumour therapy, the (211)At represents a highly effective alternative to usually applied beta emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bredow
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Dresden
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Abstract
We present long-time simulations of expanding ultracold neutral plasmas, including a full treatment of the strongly coupled ion dynamics. Thereby, the relaxation of the expanding laser-cooled plasma is studied, taking into account elastic as well as inelastic collisions. It is demonstrated that, depending on the initial conditions, the ionic component of the plasma may exhibit short-range order or even a superimposed long-range order resulting in concentric ion shells. In contrast to ionic plasmas confined in traps, the shell structures build up from the center of the plasma cloud rather than from the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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Jones DB, Broeckmann E, Pohl T, Smith EL. Development of a mechanical testing and loading system for trabecular bone studies for long term culture. Eur Cell Mater 2003; 5:48-59; discussion 59-60. [PMID: 14562272 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v005a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly accurate (+/-3%) mechanical loading and measurement system combined with a trabecular bone diffusion culture-loading chamber has been developed, which provides the ability to study trabecular bone (and possibly) cartilage under controlled culture and loading conditions over long periods of time. The loading device has been designed to work in two main modes, either to apply a specific compressive strain to a trabecular bone cylinder or to apply a specific force and measure the resulting deformation. Presently, precisely machined bone cylinders can be loaded at frequencies between 0.1 Hz to 50 Hz and amplitudes over 7,000 microepsilon. The system allows accurate measurement of many mechanical properties of the tissue in real time, including visco-elastic properties. This paper describes the technical components, reproducibility, precision, and the calibration procedures of the loading system. Data on long term culture and mechanical responses to different loading patterns will be published separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Jones
- Department of Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, University of Marburg, Germany.
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Seiler C, Pohl T, Billinger M, Meier B. Tumour necrosis factor alpha concentration and collateral flow in patients with coronary artery disease and normal systolic left ventricular function. Heart 2003; 89:96-7. [PMID: 12482804 PMCID: PMC1767515 DOI: 10.1136/heart.89.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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