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Patel K, Gooley TA, Bailey N, Bailey M, Hegerova L, Batchelder A, Holdread H, Dunleavy V, Downey T, Frisvold J, Megrath S, Pagarigan K, Szeto J, Rueda J, Islam A, Maree C, Nyatsatsang S, Bork SE, Lipke A, O'Mahony DS, Wagner T, Pulido J, Mignone J, Youssef S, Hartman M, Goldman JD, Pagel JM. Use of the IL-6R antagonist tocilizumab in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. J Intern Med 2021; 289:430-433. [PMID: 32745348 PMCID: PMC7436582 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Patel
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T A Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N Bailey
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Bailey
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Hegerova
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Batchelder
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Holdread
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - V Dunleavy
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Downey
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Frisvold
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Megrath
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Pagarigan
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Szeto
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Rueda
- Infectious Disease, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Islam
- Infectious Disease, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Maree
- Infectious Disease, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Nyatsatsang
- Infectious Disease, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S E Bork
- Hospital Medicine, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Lipke
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D S O'Mahony
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Wagner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Pulido
- US Anesthesia Partners, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Mignone
- Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Youssef
- Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Hartman
- Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J D Goldman
- Infectious Disease, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J M Pagel
- From the Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Hong Y, Downey T, Eu KW, Koh PK, Cheah PY. A 'metastasis-prone' signature for early-stage mismatch-repair proficient sporadic colorectal cancer patients and its implications for possible therapeutics. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:83-90. [PMID: 20143136 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer mortality. We aimed to find a metastasis-prone signature for early stage mismatch-repair proficient sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients for better prognosis and informed use of adjuvant chemotherapy. The genome-wide expression profiles of 82 age-, ethnicity- and tissue-matched patients and healthy controls were analyzed using the Affymetrix U133 Plus 2 array. Metastasis-negative patients have 5 years or more of follow-up. A 10 x 10 two-level nested cross-validation design was used with several families of classification models to identify the optimal predictor for metastasis. The best classification model yielded a 54 gene-set (74 probe sets) with an estimated prediction accuracy of 71%. The specificity, sensitivity, negative and positive predictive values of the signature are 0.88, 0.58, 0.84 and 0.65, respectively, indicating that the gene-set can improve prognosis for early stage sporadic CRC patients. These 54 genes, including node molecules YWHAB, MAP3K5, LMNA, APP, GNAQ, F3, NFATC2, and TGM2, integrate multiple bio-functions in various compartments into an intricate molecular network, suggesting that cell-wide perturbations are involved in metastasis transformation. Further, querying the ;Connectivity Map' with a subset (70%) of these genes shows that Gly-His-Lys and securinine could reverse the differential expressions of these genes significantly, suggesting that they have combinatorial therapeutic effect on the metastasis-prone patients. These two perturbagens promote wound-healing, extracellular matrix remodeling and macrophage activation thus highlighting the importance of these pathways in metastasis suppression for early-stage CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
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Koterski J, Twenhafel N, Porter A, Reed DS, Martino-Catt S, Sobral B, Crasta O, Downey T, DaSilva L. Gene expression profiling of nonhuman primates exposed to aerosolized Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 51:462-72. [PMID: 17894805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Host responses to Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV) were studied in cynomolgus macaques after aerosol exposure to the epizootic virus. Changes in global gene expression were assessed for the brain, lungs, and spleen. In the brain, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I transcripts were induced, while the expression of S100b, a factor associated with brain injury, was inhibited, as was expression of the encephalitogenic gene MOG. Cytokine-mediated signals were affected by infection, including those involving IFN-mediated antiviral activity (IRF-7, OAS, and Mx transcripts), and the increased transcription of caspases. Induction of a few immunologically relevant genes (e.g. IFITM1 and STAT1) was common to all tested tissues. Herein, both tissue-specific and nontissue specific transcriptional changes in response to VEEV are described, including induction of IFN-regulated transcripts and cytokine-induced apoptotic factors, in addition to cellular factors in the brain that may be descriptive of the health status of the brain during the infectious process. Altogether, this work provides novel information on common and tissue-specific host responses against VEEV in a nonhuman primate model of aerosol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Koterski
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-9211, USA
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Chung TP, Laramie JM, Meyer DJ, Downey T, Tam LH, Ding H, Buchman TG, Karl I, Stormo GD, Hotchkiss RS, Cobb JP. Molecular diagnostics in sepsis: from bedside to bench. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 203:585-598. [PMID: 17084318 PMCID: PMC7118893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on recent in vitro data, we tested the hypothesis that microarray expression profiles can be used to diagnose sepsis, distinguishing in vivo between sterile and infectious causes of systemic inflammation. Study design Exploratory studies were conducted using spleens from septic patients and from mice with abdominal sepsis. Seven patients with sepsis after injury were identified retrospectively and compared with six injured patients. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture, or to IP lipopolysaccharide. Control mice had sham laparotomy or injection of IP saline, respectively. A sepsis classification model was created and tested on blood samples from septic mice. Results Accuracy of sepsis prediction was obtained using cross-validation of gene expression data from 12 human spleen samples and from 16 mouse spleen samples. For blood studies, classifiers were constructed using data from a training data set of 26 microarrays. The error rate of the classifiers was estimated on seven de-identified microarrays, and then on a subsequent cross-validation for all 33 blood microarrays. Estimates of classification accuracy of sepsis in human spleen were 67.1%; in mouse spleen, 96%; and in mouse blood, 94.4% (all estimates were based on nested cross-validation). Lists of genes with substantial changes in expression between study and control groups were used to identify nine mouse common inflammatory response genes, six of which were mapped into a single pathway using contemporary pathway analysis tools. Conclusions Sepsis induces changes in mouse leukocyte gene expression that can be used to diagnose sepsis apart from systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Philip Chung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
| | - Jason M. Laramie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
| | | | | | - Laurence H.Y. Tam
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
| | | | - Timothy G. Buchman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
| | - Irene Karl
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
| | - Gary D. Stormo
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
| | - Richard S. Hotchkiss
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
| | - J. Perren Cobb
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis
- Correspondences address: J Perren Cobb, MD, FACS, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8109, 660 South Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110.
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Abstract
Aerosol exposure to ricin causes irreversible pathological changes of the respiratory tract resulting in epithelial necrosis, pulmonary edema and ultimately death. The pulmonary genomic profile of BALB/c mice inhalationally exposed to a lethal dose of ricin was examined using cDNA arrays. The expression profile of 1178 mRNA species was determined for ricin-exposed lung tissue, in which 34 genes had statistically significant changes in gene expression. Transcripts identified by the assay included those that facilitate tissue healing (early growth response gene (egr)-1), regulate inflammation (interleukin (IL)-6, tristetraproline (ttp)), cell growth (c-myc, cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (cish)- 3), apoptosis (T-cell death associated protein (tdag)51, pim-1) and DNA repair (ephrin type A receptor 2 (ephA2)). Manipulation of these gene products may provide a means of limiting the severe lung damage occurring at the cellular level. Transcriptional activation of egr-1, cish-3, c-myc and thrombospondin (tsp)-1 was already apparent when pathological and physiological changes were observed in the lungs at 12 h postexposure. These genes may well serve as markers for ricin-induced pulmonary toxicity. Ongoing studies are evaluating this aspect of the array data and the potential of several genes for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis DaSilva
- Toxinology and Aerobiology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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