1
|
Zhao M, Zhang Y, Yang X, Jin J, Shen Z, Feng X, Zou T, Deng L, Cheng D, Zhang X, Qin C, Niu C, Ye Z, Zhang X, He J, Hou C, Li G, Han G, Cheng Q, Wang Q, Wei L, Dong J, Zhang J. Myeloid neddylation targets IRF7 and promotes host innate immunity against RNA viruses. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009901. [PMID: 34506605 PMCID: PMC8432861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neddylation, an important type of post-translational modification, has been implicated in innate and adapted immunity. But the role of neddylation in innate immune response against RNA viruses remains elusive. Here we report that neddylation promotes RNA virus-induced type I IFN production, especially IFN-α. More importantly, myeloid deficiency of UBA3 or NEDD8 renders mice less resistant to RNA virus infection. Neddylation is essential for RNA virus-triggered activation of Ifna gene promoters. Further exploration has revealed that mammalian IRF7undergoes neddylation, which is enhanced after RNA virus infection. Even though neddylation blockade does not hinder RNA virus-triggered IRF7 expression, IRF7 mutant defective in neddylation exhibits reduced ability to activate Ifna gene promoters. Neddylation blockade impedes RNA virus-induced IRF7 nuclear translocation without hindering its phosphorylation and dimerization with IRF3. By contrast, IRF7 mutant defective in neddylation shows enhanced dimerization with IRF5, an Ifna repressor when interacting with IRF7. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that myeloid neddylation contributes to host anti-viral innate immunity through targeting IRF7 and promoting its transcriptional activity. With the features of high mutation rates and fast propagation, RNA viruses remain a great challenge for the control and prevention of epidemic. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in host innate immunity against RNA viruses will facilitate the development of anti-viral drugs and vaccines. Neddylation has been implicated in innate and adapted immunity. But the role of neddylation in RNA virus-triggered type I IFN production remains elusive. Here, using mouse models with myeloid deficiency of UBA3 or NEDD8, we report for the first time that neddylation contributes to innate immunity against RNA viruses in mammals. Neddylation is indispensable for RNA virus-induced IFN-α production although its role in IFN-β production is much blunted in macrophages. In mechanism, neddylation directly targets IRF7 and enhances its transcriptional activity through, at least partially, promoting its nuclear translocation and preventing its dimerization with IRF5, an Ifna repressor when interacting with IRF7. Our study provides insight into the regulation of IRF7 and innate immune signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaolin Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayang Jin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyao Feng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiao Deng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daohai Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Niu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjie Ye
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia He
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (JD); (JZ)
| | - Jie Dong
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (JD); (JZ)
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (JD); (JZ)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park HS, Kim YJ, Bae YK, Lee NH, Lee YJ, Hah JO, Park TI, Lee KS, Park JB, Kim HS. Differential Expression Patterns of Irf3 and Irf7 in Pediatric Lymphoid Disorders. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:34-8. [PMID: 17393359 DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are multifunctional transcriptional factors. To define the role of IRFs in lymphoid disorders, we determined the expression patterns of IRF3 and IRF7 by immunohistochemistry in 5 normal lymph nodes, 12 reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes, and 27 pediatric lymphomas. IRF3 was prominently expressed in the nuclei of the histiocytes, and was expressed very weakly in the cytoplasm of most of the lymphocytes of the normal lymph nodes. However, IRF7 was expressed strongly in the nuclei of over 50% of the lymphocytes throughout the normal lymph nodes, but the histiocytes and fibroblasts were spared. In the reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes, the number of IRF3- and IRF7-positive cells in the nuclei was elevated. In the lymphomas, the number of IRF3-positive cells in the nucleus appeared to have decreased, and the cells were scattered throughout the lymphoma tissue in no specific pattern. However, in most cases the number of IRF7-positive cells was elevated. These results suggested that IRF3 was activated principally in the histiocytes and T cells under inflammatory conditions, but IRF3 activation was attenuated in cases of lymphoma. However, the number of IRF7-positive cells was found to be elevated in the reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes and pediatric lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou P, Cowled C, Mansell A, Monaghan P, Green D, Wu L, Shi Z, Wang LF, Baker ML. IRF7 in the Australian black flying fox, Pteropus alecto: evidence for a unique expression pattern and functional conservation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103875. [PMID: 25100081 PMCID: PMC4123912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the only flying mammal, bats harbor a number of emerging and re-emerging viruses, many of which cause severe diseases in humans and other mammals yet result in no clinical symptoms in bats. As the master regulator of the interferon (IFN)-dependent immune response, IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) plays a central role in innate antiviral immunity. To explore the role of bat IRF7 in the regulation of the IFN response, we performed sequence and functional analysis of IRF7 from the pteropid bat, Pteropus alecto. Our results demonstrate that bat IRF7 retains the ability to bind to MyD88 and activate the IFN response despite unique changes in the MyD88 binding domain. We also demonstrate that bat IRF7 has a unique expression pattern across both immune and non-immune related tissues and is inducible by double-strand RNA. The broad tissue distribution of IRF7 may provide bats with an enhanced ability to rapidly activate the IFN response in a wider range of tissues compared to other mammals. The importance of IRF7 in antiviral activity against the bat reovirus, Pulau virus was confirmed by siRNA knockdown of IRF7 in bat cells resulting in enhanced viral replication. Our results highlight the importance of IRF7 in innate antiviral immunity in bats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Cowled
- CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research-Prince Henry Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Monaghan
- CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diane Green
- CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lijun Wu
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengli Shi
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Michelle L. Baker
- CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang XA, Zhang R, Zhang S, Deng S, Jiang D, Zhong J, Yang L, Wang T, Hong S, Guo S, She ZG, Zhang XD, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor 7 deficiency prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E485-95. [PMID: 23695216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00505.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we addressed the potential role of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), a master regulator of type I interferon-dependent immune responses, in the regulation of energy metabolism. The expression levels of IRF7 were increased in white adipose tissue, liver tissue, and gastrocnemius muscle of both diet-induced obese mice and ob/ob mice compared with their lean counterparts. After feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 wk, IRF7 knockout (KO) mice showed less weight gain and adiposity than wild-type controls. KO of IRF7 improved glucose and lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, KO of IRF7 ameliorated diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Next, we assessed the inflammatory state of the IRF7 KO mice on the HFD. These mice showed less macrophage infiltration into multiple organs and were protected from local and systemic inflammation. This study demonstrates a role for IRF7 in diet-induced alterations in energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Our results also suggest that IRF7 is involved in the etiology of metabolic abnormalities, which suggests a new strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
- Energy Metabolism
- Fatty Liver/etiology
- Fatty Liver/immunology
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Insulin Resistance
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/biosynthesis
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/immunology
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/pathology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Obese
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Random Allocation
- Up-Regulation
- Weight Gain
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee MS, Park CH, Jeong YH, Kim YJ, Ha SJ. Negative regulation of type I IFN expression by OASL1 permits chronic viral infection and CD8⁺ T-cell exhaustion. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003478. [PMID: 23874199 PMCID: PMC3715418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I interferons (IFN-Is) are critical not only in early viral control but also in prolonged T-cell immune responses. However, chronic viral infections such as those of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in humans and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice overcome this early IFN-I barrier and induce viral persistence and exhaustion of T-cell function. Although various T-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors are known to contribute to induction of chronic conditions, the roles of IFN-I negative regulators in chronic viral infections have been largely unexplored. Herein, we explored whether 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1), a recently defined IFN-I negative regulator, plays a key role in the virus-specific T-cell response and viral defense against chronic LCMV. To this end, we infected Oasl1 knockout and wild-type mice with LCMV CL-13 (a chronic virus) and monitored T-cell responses, serum cytokine levels, and viral titers. LCMV CL-13-infected Oasl1 KO mice displayed a sustained level of serum IFN-I, which was primarily produced by splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells, during the very early phase of infection (2-3 days post-infection). Oasl1 deficiency also led to the accelerated elimination of viremia and induction of a functional antiviral CD8 T-cell response, which critically depended on IFN-I receptor signaling. Together, these results demonstrate that OASL1-mediated negative regulation of IFN-I production at an early phase of infection permits viral persistence and suppresses T-cell function, suggesting that IFN-I negative regulators, including OASL1, could be exciting new targets for preventing chronic viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Sup Lee
- Genome Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- System Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- System Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Genome Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJK); (SJH)
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- System Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJK); (SJH)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cui H, Yan Y, Wei J, Huang X, Huang Y, Ouyang Z, Qin Q. Identification and functional characterization of an interferon regulatory factor 7-like (IRF7-like) gene from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Dev Comp Immunol 2011; 35:672-684. [PMID: 21295068 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 7 plays a crucial role in modulating cellular responses to viral infection and cytokines, including interferons (IFNs). In the present study, a novel IRF7 gene (designated as EcIRF7) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. The full-length EcIRF7 cDNA is composed of 2089 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 433 amino acids with 81% identity to IRF7 of Siniperca chuatsi, and the genomic DNA of EcIRF7 consists of 9 exons and 8 introns, with a length of approximately 5629 bp. EcIRF7 contains three conserved domains including a DNA-binding domain (DBD), an IRF associated domain (IAD) and a serine-rich domain, all of which are highly conserved across species. Recombinant EcIRF7 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified for mouse anti-EcIRF7 serum preparation. Realtime quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed a broad expression of EcIRF7, with a relative strong expression in spleen, kidney, skin and intestine. The expression of EcIRF7 was differentially up-regulated after stimulation with Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV). EcIRF7 showed similar intracellular localization pattern to those of mammalian and chicken, and translocated into nucleus after SGIV infection. Further more, EcIRF7 was proved to be capable of activating zebrafish type I IFN promoter and inhibiting the replication of SGIV in grouper spleen (GS) cells. These results suggest that EcIRF7 is potentially involved in grouper immune responses to invasion of viral and bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of life sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou L, Li J, Wang X, Ye L, Hou W, Ho J, Li H, Ho W. IL-29/IL-28A suppress HSV-1 infection of human NT2-N neurons. J Neurovirol 2011; 17:212-9. [PMID: 21499846 PMCID: PMC4444784 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-011-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The newly identified cytokines, IL-28/IL-29 (also termed type III IFNs), are able to inhibit a number of viruses. Here, we examined the antiviral effects of IL-29/IL-28A against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in human NT2-N neurons and CHP212 neuronal cells. Both IL-29 and IL-28A could efficiently inhibit HSV-1 replication in neuronal cells, as evidenced by the reduced expression of HSV-1 DNA and proteins. This inhibitory effect of IL-29 and IL-28A against HSV-1 could be partially blocked by antibody to IL-10Rβ, one of the key receptors for IL-29 and IL-28A. To explore the underlying antiviral mechanisms employed by IL-29/IL-28A, we showed that IL-29/IL-28A could selectively induce the expression of several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as activate TLR-mediated antiviral pathway, including IFN regulatory factor 7, IFN-α, and the key IFN-α stimulated antiviral genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Medical Education Research Building, 1052, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng H, Liu H, Kong R, Wang L, Wang Y, Hu W, Guo Q. Expression profiles of carp IRF-3/-7 correlate with the up-regulation of RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3/TBK1, four pivotal molecules in RIG-I signaling pathway. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2011; 30:1159-1169. [PMID: 21385615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic helicase protein RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and downstream signaling molecules, MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), TRAF3 (TNF-receptor-associated factor 3) and TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1), have significant roles in the recognition of cytoplasmic 5'-triphosphate ssRNA and short dsRNA, and phosphorylation of IRF-3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) and IRF-7 which is responsible for the induction of type I interferons (IFN). In the present study, the full-length cDNAs of RIG-I, MAVS, TRAF3 and TBK1 were cloned and identified in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The deduced protein of carp RIG-I is of 946 aa (amino acids), consisting of two CARDs (caspase-recruitment domain), a DEXDc (DExD/H box-containing domain), a HELICc (helicase superfamily c-terminal domain) and a RD (regulatory domain). Carp MAVS is of 585 aa, containing a CARD, a proline-rich region and a TM (transmembrane domain). Carp TRAF3 encodes a protein of 573 aa, including a RING (really interesting new gene), two TRAF-type zinc fingers, a coiled coil and a MATH-TRAF3 (meprin and TRAF homology) domain. Carp TBK1 is of 727 aa and contains a S_TKc domain (Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain). Carp RIG-I, MAVS, TRAF3 and TBK1 mRNAs are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined. In response to SVCV infection, carp RIG-I and MAVS mRNAs were up-regulated at different levels in spleen, head kidney and intestine tissues at different time points. Similarly, both carp IRF-3 and IRF-7 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the detected tissues. Especially in intestine, the IRF-3 and IRF-7 mRNAs of carp increased and reached 25.3-fold (at 3 dpi) and 224.7-fold (at 5 dpi). Noteworthily, a significant growth of carp TRAF3 and TBK1 mRNA was also mainly found in intestine (7.0-fold and 11.3-fold at 5 dpi, respectively). These data implied that the expression profiles of IRF-3/-7 mRNAs in carp correlate with the up-regulation of RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3/TBK, and carp RIG-I and MAVS may be involved in antiviral responses through the RIG-I viral recognition signaling pathway in a TRAF3/TBK1-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu G, Yin X, Xia J, Dong X, Zhang J, Liu Q. Molecular cloning and characterization of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2010; 29:963-971. [PMID: 20713159 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 7 in mammals is known to be a key player in regulating the type I interferon (IFN) response to viral infection as a transcription activator of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In this study, a full-length cDNA of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, (Po)IRF-7 was cloned and characterized. PoIRF-7 is 2032 bp in length, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1293 bp that encodes 430 amino acid residues. The putative amino acid sequence shows the highest homology to fish IRF-7 with 51.5-76.3% identity and possesses a DNA-binding domain (DBD), an IRF association domain (IAD) and a serine-rich domain of vertebrate IRF-7. In addition, the tryptophan cluster of PoIRF-7 DBD consists of only four tryptophans, which is a characteristic unique to all fish IRF-7 members. The PoIRF-7 was expressed constitutively in all tested tissues of healthy flounders, with high levels in head kidney, spleen, gill, intestine and skin, and moderately expressed in FG9307 cells, a flounder gill epithelial cell line. Using a luciferase assay, PoIRF-7 was proved to be capable of activating fish type I IFN promoter in FG9307 cells. A quantitative real time PCR assay was employed to monitor the gene expression of PoIRF-7 and Mx in FG9307 cells and flounder head kidney and gill. Both genes were up-regulated by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) though to a much lesser extent in FG9307 cells. Further, their transcription kinetics were similar in fish organs but different in FG9307 cells. These data provide insights into the functions of PoIRF-7 and imply a difference in PoIRF-7-related signaling pathways in antiviral response between cultured cells and live fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koterski J, Twenhafel N, Porter A, Reed DS, Martino-Catt S, Sobral B, Crasta O, Downey T, DaSilva L. Gene expression profiling of nonhuman primates exposed to aerosolized Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 51:462-72. [PMID: 17894805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Host responses to Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV) were studied in cynomolgus macaques after aerosol exposure to the epizootic virus. Changes in global gene expression were assessed for the brain, lungs, and spleen. In the brain, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I transcripts were induced, while the expression of S100b, a factor associated with brain injury, was inhibited, as was expression of the encephalitogenic gene MOG. Cytokine-mediated signals were affected by infection, including those involving IFN-mediated antiviral activity (IRF-7, OAS, and Mx transcripts), and the increased transcription of caspases. Induction of a few immunologically relevant genes (e.g. IFITM1 and STAT1) was common to all tested tissues. Herein, both tissue-specific and nontissue specific transcriptional changes in response to VEEV are described, including induction of IFN-regulated transcripts and cytokine-induced apoptotic factors, in addition to cellular factors in the brain that may be descriptive of the health status of the brain during the infectious process. Altogether, this work provides novel information on common and tissue-specific host responses against VEEV in a nonhuman primate model of aerosol exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Koterski
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-9211, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kittan NA, Bergua A, Haupt S, Donhauser N, Schuster P, Korn K, Harrer T, Schmidt B. Impaired Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Innate Immune Responses in Patients with Herpes Virus-Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis. J Immunol 2007; 179:4219-30. [PMID: 17785862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), the main producers of type I IFNs in the blood, are important for the recognition and control of viral and bacterial infections. Because several viruses induce IFN-alpha production, severe courses of herpes virus infections in nonimmunocompromised patients may be related to numerical or functional PDC deficits. To evaluate this hypothesis, PBMC and PDC were repeatedly isolated from nine patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN), caused by herpes simplex or varicella zoster virus. The patients experienced meningitis/encephalitis and frequent infections in childhood (n = 2), recurrent herpes virus infections at unusual localizations (n = 2), ocular surgery (n = 1), infections (n = 4), and stress around ARN (n = 6). The median percentage of isolated PDC was significantly lower in patients compared with 18 age-matched healthy controls (p < 0.001), confirmed by FACS analysis using peripheral blood, and was extremely low during acute disease. PDC counts dropped in five controls suffering from respiratory infections or diarrhea. IFN-alpha production in PDC and PBMC exposed to different stimuli was significantly lower in patients than in controls (p < 0.05). Anergy to these stimuli was observed on four occasions, in particular during acute disease. PDC of patients showed up-regulated IFN regulatory factor-7 mRNA levels and evidence of in vivo activation (CD80) and maturation (CD83) (p < 0.05). CD8+ cell responses were significantly lower in patients vs controls (p = 0.04). These data support a risk factor model in which numerical and functional deficits in PDC-mediated innate immune responses contribute to an impaired control of latent herpes virus infections and subsequent development of ARN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai A Kittan
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, German National Reference Centre for Retroviruses, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Georgel P, Jiang Z, Kunz S, Janssen E, Mols J, Hoebe K, Bahram S, Oldstone MBA, Beutler B. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G activates a specific antiviral Toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway. Virology 2007; 362:304-13. [PMID: 17292937 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that mutations of CD14 or TLR4 impair type I interferon (IFN) production and macrophage survival during infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). We now report that VSV glycoprotein G (gpG) is essential for the induction of a previously unrecognized CD14/TLR4-dependent response pathway in which the adapter TRAM has predominant importance, absent any need for MyD88 or Mal, and with only a partial requirement for TRIF. Downstream of TRAM, IRF7 activation leads to a type I IFN response. The pathway is utilized by myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and macrophages rather than plasmacytoid DCs. This new mode of TLR4 signal transduction, which does not stimulate NF-kappaB activation, reveals the importance of viral protein recognition by mDCs and shows that TLR4 can drive qualitatively different events within the cell in response to different ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Georgel
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phipps S, Lam CE, Mahalingam S, Newhouse M, Ramirez R, Rosenberg HF, Foster PS, Matthaei KI. Eosinophils contribute to innate antiviral immunity and promote clearance of respiratory syncytial virus. Blood 2007; 110:1578-86. [PMID: 17495130 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-01-071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are recruited to the lungs in response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection; however, their role in promoting antiviral host defense remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that eosinophils express TLRs that recognize viral nucleic acids, are activated and degranulate after single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) stimulation of the TLR-7-MyD88 pathway, and provide host defense against RSV that is MyD88 dependent. In contrast to wild-type mice, virus clearance from lung tissue was more rapid in hypereosinophilic (interleukin-5 transgenic) mice. Transfer of wild-type but not MyD88-deficient eosinophils to the lungs of RSV-infected wild-type mice accelerated virus clearance and inhibited the development of airways hyperreactivity. Similar responses were observed when infected recipient mice were MyD88 deficient. Eosinophils isolated from infected hypereosinophilic MyD88-sufficient but not MyD88-deficient mice expressed greater amounts of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-7 and eosinophil-associated ribonucleases EAR-1 and EAR-2. Hypereosinophilia in the airways of infected mice also correlated with increased expression of IRF-7, IFN-beta, and NOS-2, and inhibition of NO production with the NOS-2 inhibitor L-NMA partially reversed the accelerated virus clearance promoted by eosinophils. Collectively, our results demonstrate that eosinophils can protect against RSV in vivo, as they promote virus clearance and may thus limit virus-induced lung dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Phipps
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases (CARD), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Balachandran S, Venkataraman T, Fisher PB, Barber GN. Fas-associated death domain-containing protein-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling involves the regulation of Irf7. J Immunol 2007; 178:2429-39. [PMID: 17277150 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The induction of type I (alphabeta) IFN following virus infection is necessary for the stimulation of effective antiviral host defense. In fibroblasts, a subset of primary genes (including those encoding IFN-beta and IFN-alpha4) are induced directly by intracellular dsRNA generated by the virus during its replication. These primary type I IFNs induce expression of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-7, required for production of a second cascade of IFN-alpha subtypes and the further establishment of a complete antiviral state. Previously, we had reported on a role for Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) in the control of TLR-independent innate immune responses to virus infection. Our data in this study demonstrate that FADD is not only required for efficient primary gene induction, but is also essential for induction of Irf7 and effective expression of secondary IFN-alphas and other antiviral genes. Ectopic overexpression of IRF-7 partially rescued dsRNA responsiveness and IFN-alpha production, and a constitutively active variant of IRF-7 displayed normal activity in Fadd(-/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts. MC159, a FADD-interacting viral protein encoded by the molluscum contagiosum poxvirus was found to inhibit dsRNA-activated signaling events upstream of IRF-7. These data indicate that FADD's antiviral activity involves regulation of IRF-7-dependent production of IFN-alpha subtypes and consequent induction of secondary antiviral genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Balachandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun BJ, Chang MX, Song Y, Yao WJ, Nie P. Gene structure and transcription of IRF-1 and IRF-7 in the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 116:26-36. [PMID: 17289159 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 01/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genes of IRF-1 and IRF-7 have been cloned from the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). The IRF-1 gene has 4919 nucleotides (nt) and contains 10 exons and 9 introns, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 903nt encoding 301aa. The IRF-7 gene has 6057nt and also contains 10 exons and 9 introns, with an ORF of 1308nt encoding 436aa. The IRF-1 and IRF-7 genes have only one copy each in the genome. The transcription of IRF-1 and IRF-7 in different organs was analyzed by real-time PCR, and both molecules were constitutively expressed. The IRF-1 and IRF-7 mRNAs were abundant in gill, spleen, kidney and pronephros. The temporal transcriptional changes for IRF-1, IRF-7 and Mx were investigated within 48h after poly I: C stimulation in liver, gill, spleen and pronephros. An increased transcription was detected for IRF-1 and IRF-7 12h post-stimulation, being earlier than the transcription of Mx protein; however, IRF-1 and IRF-7 transcription decreased while the Mx protein was stable at 48h post-stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is one of the transcriptional factors for the activation of type I Interferon (IFN) genes. It is known that IRF7 and the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are highly expressed in EBV type III latency cells, and LMP1 induces mRNA expression of IRF7. In this study, the expression pattern of endogenous IRF7 was observed in several B cell lines with or without EBV infection by immunofluorescence staining. IRF7 was localized in the cytoplasm of EBV-negative B cells and EBV type I latency B cell lines. However, IRF7 was located both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of EBV type III latency cell lines. In the Jijoye cell (type III latency cell), IRF7 was colocalized with LMP1 in the cytoplasm in a capping configuration, and their interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of LMP1 and IRF7. This colocalization was confirmed by co-transfection of IRF7 and LMP1 plasmids in EBV-negative B cells. These results suggest that the IRF7 and LMP1 interact with each other, and this may relate to the mechanism whereby LMP1 exerts functional effects in B-lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Wook Kim
- Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Natural Resources, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ho-Sun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nacionales DC, Kelly KM, Lee PY, Zhuang H, Li Y, Weinstein JS, Sobel E, Kuroda Y, Akaogi J, Satoh M, Reeves WH. Type I interferon production by tertiary lymphoid tissue developing in response to 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-pentadecane (pristane). Am J Pathol 2006; 168:1227-40. [PMID: 16565497 PMCID: PMC1606560 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid neogenesis is associated with antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Although systemic lupus erythematosus is the prototypical B-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, the role of lymphoid neogenesis in its pathogenesis is unknown. Intraperitoneal injection of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-pentadecane (TMPD, pristane) or mineral oil causes lipogranuloma formation in mice, but only TMPD-treated mice develop lupus. We report that lipogranulomas are a form of lymphoid neogenesis. Immunoperoxidase staining of lipogranulomas revealed B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and dendritic cells and in some cases organization into T- and B-cell zones. Lipogranulomas also expressed the lymphoid chemokines CCL21, CCL19, CXCL13, CXCL12, and CCL22. Expression of the type I interferon (IFN-I)-inducible genes Mx1, IRF7, IP-10, and ISG-15 was greatly increased in TMPD- versus mineral oil-induced lipogranulomas. Dendritic cells from TMPD lipogranulomas underwent activation/maturation with high CD86 and interleukin-12 expression. Magnetic bead depletion of dendritic cells markedly diminished IFN-inducible gene (Mx1) expression. We conclude that TMPD-induced lupus is associated with the formation of ectopic lymphoid tissue containing activated dendritic cells producing IFN-I and interleukin-12. In view of the increased IFN-I production in systemic lupus erythematosus, these studies suggest that IFN-I from ectopic lymphoid tissue could play a role in the pathogenesis of experimental lupus in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina C Nacionales
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, PO Box 100221, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that morphine enhances hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in human hepatic cells. Here we describe the impact of morphine withdrawal (MW), a recurrent event during the course of opioid abuse, on HCV replicon expression in human hepatic cells. MW enhanced both viral RNA and protein expression in HCV replicon cells. Blocking opioid receptors by treatment with naloxone after morphine cessation (precipitated withdrawal, PW) induced greater HCV replicon expression than MW. Investigation of the mechanism responsible for MW- or PW-mediated HCV enhancement showed that both MW and PW inhibited the expression of endogenous interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in the hepatic cells. This down-regulation of intracellular IFN-alpha expression was due to the negative impact of MW or PW on IFN-alpha promoter activation and on the expression of IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), a strong transactivator of the IFN-alpha promoter. In addition, both MW and PW inhibited the anti-HCV ability of recombinant IFN-alpha in the hepatic cells. These in vitro observations support the concept that opioid abuse favors HCV persistence in hepatic cells by suppressing IFN-alpha-mediated intracellular innate immunity and contributes to the development of chronic HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Qing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|