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Martino S, Turki RC, Zouiti F, Fort R, Pakdaman S, Forté S, Menouche D, Calvet D, Rupp T, Pirenne F, Bartolucci P. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Demonstrates the Benefit of Erythracytapheresis in Sickle Cell Disease Adult Patients with Cerebral Vasculopathy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041256. [PMID: 36835792 PMCID: PMC9966188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral vasculopathy can induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leading to stroke in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and is treated by blood exchange transfusion (BET). However, no prospective clinical study has demonstrated the benefit of BET in adults with SCD and cerebral vasculopathy. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a recent non-invasive method complementary to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We evaluated cerebral perfusion using NIRS during erythracytapheresis in patients with SCD with and without steno-occlusive arterial disease. METHODS We conducted a monocentric, prospective study in 16 adults with SCD undergoing erythracytapheresis in 2014. Among them, 10 had cerebral steno-occlusive arterial disease. NIRS measured the relative amounts of oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb), deoxyhemoglobin (DeoxyHb) and total hemoglobin (Total Hb) in brain tissue and in muscle. RESULTS In cerebral hemispheres associated with steno-occlusive arterial disease, we observed a significant increase of OxyHb and Total Hb during BET, without modification of DeoxyHb. CONCLUSION Using NIRS during BET showed that BET improves cerebral perfusion in adult patients with SCD with cerebral vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suella Martino
- Sickle Cell Referral Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Henri Mondor University Hospital, UPEC, APHP, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Rym Chouk Turki
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France Mondor, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Fouzia Zouiti
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France Mondor, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Romain Fort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Sadaf Pakdaman
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France Mondor, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Stéphanie Forté
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Dehbia Menouche
- Department of Apheresis, Henri Mondor University Hospital, UPEC, APHP, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - David Calvet
- Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Savoie Mont Blanc, 73000 Chambery, France
| | - France Pirenne
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France Mondor, 94000 Creteil, France
- Laboratoire D’Excellence, GRex, Institut Mondor, INSERM U955 Equipe 2, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Pablo Bartolucci
- Sickle Cell Referral Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Henri Mondor University Hospital, UPEC, APHP, 94000 Creteil, France
- Laboratoire D’Excellence, GRex, Institut Mondor, INSERM U955 Equipe 2, 94000 Creteil, France
- Correspondence:
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Rupp T, Saugy JJ, Bourdillon N, Millet GP. Brain-muscle interplay during endurance self-paced exercise in normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:893872. [PMID: 36091393 PMCID: PMC9453479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.893872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hypoxia is one major environmental factor, supposed to mediate central motor command as well as afferent feedbacks at rest and during exercise. By using a comparison of normobaric (NH) and hypobaric (HH) hypoxia with the same ambient pressure in oxygen, we examined the potential differences on the cerebrovascular and muscular regulation interplay during a self-paced aerobic exercise. Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects performed three cycling time-trials (250 kJ) in three conditions: HH, NH and normobaric normoxia (NN) after 24 h of exposure. Cerebral and muscular oxygenation were assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy, cerebral blood flow by Doppler ultrasound system. Gas exchanges, peripheral oxygen saturation, power output and associated pacing strategies were also continuously assessed. Results: The cerebral oxygen delivery was lower in hypoxia than in NN but decreased similarly in both hypoxic conditions. Overall performance and pacing were significantly more down-regulated in HH versus NH, in conjunction with more impaired systemic (e.g. saturation and cerebral blood flow) and prefrontal cortex oxygenation during exercise. Conclusions: The difference in pacing was likely the consequence of a complex interplay between systemic alterations and cerebral oxygenation observed in HH compared to NH, aiming to maintain an equivalent cerebral oxygen delivery despite higher adaptive cost (lower absolute power output for the same relative exercise intensity) in HH compared to NH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rupp
- LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Jonas J. Saugy
- ISSUL, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- ISSUL, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- ISSUL, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Grégoire P. Millet,
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Fornasier-Santos C, Izem O, Aboukhoudir F, Rupp T, Stridgeon P, Millet GP, Nottin S. Left ventricular function and mechanics in backs and forwards elite rugby union players. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:904-913. [PMID: 35734942 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2092778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to assess left ventricular (LV) morphological and regional functional adaptations in backs and forwards elite rugby union (RU) players. METHODS Thirty-nine elite male RU players and twenty sedentary controls have been examined using resting echocardiography. RU players were divided into two groups, forwards (n = 22) and backs (n = 17). Evaluations included tissue Doppler and 2D speckle tracking analysis to assess LV strains and twisting mechanics. RESULTS The elite RU players exhibited a LV remodeling characterized by an increase in LV mass indexed to body surface area (82.2 ± 13.2 vs. 99.9 ± 16.1 and 119.7 ± 13.4 g.m-2, in controls, backs and forwards; P < 0.001). Compared to backs, forwards exhibited lower global longitudinal strain (19.9 ± 2.5 vs. 18.0 ± 1.6%; P < 0.05), lower early diastolic velocity (16.5 ± 1.8 vs. 15.0 ± 2.3 cm.s-1; P < 0.05) and lower diastolic longitudinal strain rate (1.80 ± 0.34 vs. 1.54 ± 0.26 s-1; P < 0.01), especially at the apex. LV twist and untwisting velocities were similar in RU players compared to controls, but with lower apical (-46.2 ± 22.1 vs. -28.2 ± 21.7 deg.s-1; P < 0.01) and higher basal rotational velocities (33.9 ± 20.9 vs. 48.4 ± 20.7 deg.s-1; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION RU players exhibited an increase in LV mass which was more pronounced in forwards. In forwards, LV global longitudinal strain was depressed, LV filling pressures were decreased and LV relaxation depressed at the apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Fornasier-Santos
- Pharm-Ecology Cardiovascular Laboratory EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France.,Rugby Club Toulonnais, Toulon, France
| | - Omar Izem
- Pharm-Ecology Cardiovascular Laboratory EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Falah Aboukhoudir
- Pharm-Ecology Cardiovascular Laboratory EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France.,Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University of Savoie Mont-Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Nottin
- Pharm-Ecology Cardiovascular Laboratory EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France
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Grandperrin A, Schuster I, Moronval P, Izem O, Rupp T, Obert P, Nottin S. Anabolic Steroids Use Is Associated with Impairments in Atrial and Ventricular Cardiac Structure and Performance in Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:780-788. [PMID: 34974501 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite potential severe cardiac side effects, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are increasingly used by strength athletes. However, previous echocardiographic studies focused on the left ventricular (LV) strains but did not assess LV twist and untwist mechanics. Moreover, left atrial (LA) function has been often neglected, and its stiffness, an important determinant of LA reservoir function, has never been challenged. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AAS on LA and LV morphologies and functions in strength athletes. METHODS Fifty subjects including 20 strength-trained young athletes age 32.0 ± 8.5 yr with a mean duration of AAS use of 4.7 ± 1.8 yr (users), 15 athletes with no history of AAS use (nonusers) and 15 sedentary controls underwent speckle tracking echocardiography to assess LA and LV morphology and function. RESULTS Users showed higher LA reservoir dysfunction than nonusers (33.7% ± 10.9% vs 44.9% ± 9.9% respectively, P = 0.004) and higher LA stiffness (0.13 ± 0.05 vs 0.19 ± 0.08 A.U., respectively; P = 0.02), higher LV mass index and lower global and regional LV diastolic and systolic dysfunction (global longitudinal strain: -15.5% ± 3.2% vs -18.9% ± 1.8% respectively; P = 0.003), with a drop of LV twist-untwist mechanics (untwisting velocity: 61.5°·s-1 ± 20.2°·s-1 vs 73.7°·s-1 ± 16.1°·s-1 respectively, P = 0.04). There were significant correlations between LV mass and LV apical rotation (P = 0.003, r = 0.44) and diastolic longitudinal strain rate (P = 0.015, r = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS Our results showing significant LA and LV remodeling and dysfunctions in young AAS using athletes are alarming. Screening echocardiography based on speckle tracking echocardiography parameters for early diagnosis, as well as a stronger awareness in athletes and in physicians are warranted in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Rupp
- LIBM, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, FRANCE
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Di Domenico H, Beaume JB, Peyrard A, Samozino P, Bowen M, Hintzy F, Millet GP, Hayes M, Lapole T, Rupp T. Neuromuscular fatigability during repeated sprints assessed with an innovative cycle ergometer. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1189-1204. [PMID: 35212845 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Repeated sprint ability is an integral component of team sports. This study aimed to evaluate fatigability development and its aetiology during and immediately after a cycle repeated sprint exercise performed until a given fatigability threshold. METHODS On an innovative cycle ergometer, 16 healthy males completed an RSE (10-s sprint/28-s recovery) until task failure (TF): a 30% decrease in sprint mean power (Pmean). Isometric maximum voluntary contraction of the quadriceps (IMVC), central alterations [voluntary activation (VA)], and peripheral alterations [twitch (Pt)] were evaluated before (pre), immediately after each sprint (post), at TF and 3 min after. Sprints were expressed as a percentage of the total number of sprints to TF (TSTF). Individual data were extrapolated at 20, 40, 60, and 80% TSTF. RESULTS Participants completed 9.7 ± 4.2 sprints before reaching a 30% decrease in Pmean. Post-sprint IMVCs were decreased from pre to 60% TSTF and then plateaued (pre: 345 ± 56 N, 60% 247 ± 55 N, TF: 233 ± 57 N, p < 0.001). Pt decreased from 20% and plateaued after 40% TSTF (p < 0.001, pre-TF = - 45 ± 13%). VA was not significantly affected by repeated sprints until 60% TSTF (pre-TF = - 6.5 ± 8.2%, p = 0.036). Unlike peripheral parameters, VA recovered within 3 min (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION During an RSE, Pmean and IMVC decreases were first concomitant to peripheral alterations up to 40% TSTF and central alterations was only observed in the second part of the test, while peripheral alterations plateaued. The distinct recovery kinetics in central versus peripheral components of fatigability further confirm the necessity to reduce traditional delays in neuromuscular fatigue assessment post-exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Di Domenico
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - J B Beaume
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - A Peyrard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - P Samozino
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - M Bowen
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - F Hintzy
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - G P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Hayes
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - T Lapole
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, EA 7424, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France.
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Nicot F, Sabater-Pastor F, Samozino P, Millet GY, Rupp T. Effect of ground technicity on cardio-respiratory and biomechanical parameters in uphill trail running. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1836-1846. [PMID: 34663199 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1995507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to analyse the effects of ground technicity on cardio-respiratory and biomechanical responses during uphill running. Ten experienced male trail-runners ran ∼10.5 min at racing pace on two trails with different (high and low) a priori technicity levels. These two runs were replicated (same slope, velocity, and distance) indoor on a motor-driven treadmill. Oxygen uptake, minute ventilation (V̇E), heart rate as well as step frequency and medio-lateral feet accelerations (i.e. objective indices of uneven terrain running patterns adjustments) were continuously measured throughout all sessions. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived technicity were assessed at the end of each bout. Oxygen cost of running (O2Cr) (+10.5%; p < 0.001), V̇E (+21%; p < 0.004) and the range and variability of feet medio-lateral accelerations (+116% and +134%, respectively; p < 0.001), were significantly greater when running on trail compared to the treadmill, regardless of the a priori technicity level. Despite perceived technicity being lower on treadmill (p < 0.001), RPE was not different between trail and treadmill runs (p < 0.68). It is concluded that running uphill on a trail vs. a treadmill significantly elevates both O2Cr and magnitude/variability of feet medio-lateral accelerations but no difference could be identified between trails of different a priori technicities. These results strengthen the need for trainers and race organisers to consider terrain technicity per se as a challenging cardio-respiratory and biomechanical component in uphill trail running.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Nicot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, INRAE, ETNA, Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Sabater-Pastor
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Université Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Université Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
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Coulondre C, Souron R, Rambaud A, Dalmais É, Espeit L, Neri T, Pinaroli A, Estour G, Millet GY, Rupp T, Feasson L, Edouard P, Lapole T. Local vibration training improves the recovery of quadriceps strength in early rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 65:101441. [PMID: 33059096 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), quadriceps strength must be maximised as early as possible. OBJECTIVES We tested whether local vibration training (LVT) during the early post-ACLR period (i.e., ∼10 weeks) could improve strength recovery. METHODS This was a multicentric, open, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Thirty individuals attending ACLR were randomised by use of a dedicated Web application to 2 groups: vibration (standardised rehabilitation plus LVT, n=16) or control (standardised rehabilitation alone, n=14). Experimenters, physiotherapists and participants were not blinded. Both groups received 24 sessions of standardised rehabilitation over ∼10 weeks. In addition, the vibration group received 1 hour of vibration applied to the relaxed quadriceps of the injured leg at the end of each rehabilitation session. The primary outcome - maximal isometric strength of both injured and non-injured legs (i.e., allowing for limb asymmetry measurement) - was evaluated before ACLR (PRE) and after the 10-week rehabilitation (POST). RESULTS Seven participants were lost to follow-up, so data for 23 participants were used in the complete-case analysis. For the injured leg, the mean (SD) decrease in maximal strength from PRE to POST was significantly lower for the vibration than control group (n=11, -16% [10] vs. n=12, -30% [11]; P=0.0045, Cohen's d effect size=1.33). Mean PRE-POST change in limb symmetry was lower for the vibration than control group (-19% [11] vs. -29% [13]) but not significantly (P=0.051, Cohen's d effect size=0.85). CONCLUSION LVT improved strength recovery after ACLR. This feasibility study suggests that LVT applied to relaxed muscles is a promising modality of vibration therapy that could be implemented early in ACLR. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02929004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Coulondre
- Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology (LIBM), University of Savoie-Mont Blanc, EA 7424, 73000 Chambéry, France; Centre d'évaluation et de prévention articulaire (CEPART), 73490 Challes-les-Eaux, France; Centre d'orthopédie et de traumatologie du sport, 73000 Bassens, France
| | - Robin Souron
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology, EA 7424, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Laboratory of impact of physical activity on health (IAPS), UR n(o)201723207F, University of Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Alexandre Rambaud
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology, EA 7424, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Étienne Dalmais
- Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology (LIBM), University of Savoie-Mont Blanc, EA 7424, 73000 Chambéry, France; Centre d'évaluation et de prévention articulaire (CEPART), 73490 Challes-les-Eaux, France; Centre d'orthopédie et de traumatologie du sport, 73000 Bassens, France
| | - Loïc Espeit
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology, EA 7424, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Thomas Neri
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology, EA 7424, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Department of orthopaedic surgery, university hospital of Saint Étienne, Faculty of medicine, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology, EA 7424, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Institut universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology (LIBM), University of Savoie-Mont Blanc, EA 7424, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Léonard Feasson
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology, EA 7424, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Department of clinical and exercise physiology, sports medicine and myology units, regional institute of medicine and sports engineering (IRMIS), University hospital of Saint-Étienne, Faculty of medicine, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology, EA 7424, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Department of clinical and exercise physiology, sports medicine and myology units, regional institute of medicine and sports engineering (IRMIS), University hospital of Saint-Étienne, Faculty of medicine, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Inter-university laboratory of human movement biology, EA 7424, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France.
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Izem O, Mourot L, Tordi N, Grandperrin A, Obert P, Rupp T, Nottin S. Key role of left ventricular untwisting in endurance cyclists at onset of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1565-1574. [PMID: 34590909 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00907.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in oxygen consumption during the transition from rest to exercise is faster in those who are endurance-trained than those who have sedentary lifestyles, partly due to a more efficient cardiac response. However, data regarding this acute cardiac response in trained individuals are limited to heart rate (HR), stroke volume, and cardiac output. Considering this, we compared cardiac kinetics, including left ventricular (LV) strains and twist/untwist mechanics, between endurance-trained cyclists and their sedentary counterparts. Twenty young, male, trained cyclists and 23 untrained participants aged 18-25 yr performed five similar constant workload exercises on a cyclo-ergometer (target HR: 130 beats/min). During each session, LV myocardial diastolic and systolic linear strains, as well as torsional mechanics, were assessed using speckle-tracking echocardiography. Cardiac function was evaluated every 15 s during the first minute and every 30 s thereafter, until 240 s. Stroke volume increased during the first 30-45 s in both groups but to a significantly greater extent in trained cyclists (31% vs. 24%). Systolic parameters were similar in both groups. Transmitral peak filling velocity and peak filling rate responded faster to exercise and with greater amplitude in trained cyclists. Left ventricular filling pressure was lower in the former, whereas LV relaxation was greater but only at the base of the left ventricle. Basal rotation and peak untwisting rate responded faster and to a greater extent in the cyclists. This study provides new mechanical insights into the key role of LV untwisting in the more efficient acute cardiac response of endurance-trained athletes at onset of exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study assessed for the first time, to our knowledge, the kinetics of left ventricular function during the transition from rest to constant-load exercise in endurance-trained subjects. We observed a faster cardiac response in cyclists characterized by a faster response of cardiac output, left ventricular transmitral filling, basal rotation, and untwisting. This study highlighted the key role of left ventricular twisting mechanics in the more efficient acute cardiac response of endurance-trained athletes at onset of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Mourot
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nicolas Tordi
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Rupp
- LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
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Rupp T, Maufrais C, Walther G, Esteve F, Macdonald JH, Bouzat P, Verges S. MEDEX 2015: Prophylactic Effects of Positive Expiratory Pressure in Trekkers at Very High Altitude. Front Physiol 2021; 12:710622. [PMID: 34621182 PMCID: PMC8490760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.710622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) breathing has been shown to increase arterial oxygenation during acute hypoxic exposure but the underlying mechanisms and consequences on symptoms during prolonged high-altitude exposure remain to be elucidated. Methods: Twenty-four males (41 ± 16 years) were investigated, at sea level and at 5,085 m after 18 days of trekking from 570 m. Participants breathed through a face-mask with PEP = 0 cmH2O (PEP0, 0-45th min) and with PEP = 10 cmH2O (PEP10, 46-90th min). Arterial (SpO2), quadriceps and prefrontal (near infrared spectroscopy) oxygenation was measured continuously. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, transcranial Doppler), cardiac function (2D-echocardiography), extravascular lung water accumulation (UsLC, thoracic ultrasound lung comets) and acute mountain sickness (Lake Louise score, LLS) were assessed during PEP0 and PEP10. Results: At 5,085 m with PEP0, SpO2 was 78 ± 4%, UsLC was 8 ± 5 (a.u.) and the LLS was 2.3 ± 1.7 (all P < 0.05 versus sea level). At 5,085 m, PEP10 increased significantly SpO2 (+9 ± 5%), quadriceps (+2 ± 2%) and prefrontal cortex (+2 ± 2%) oxygenation (P < 0.05), and decreased significantly MCAv (-16 ± 14 cm.s-1) and cardiac output (-0.7 ± 1.2 L.min-1) together with a reduced stroke volume (-9 ± 15 mL, all P < 0.05) and no systemic hypotension. PEP10 decreased slightly the number of UsLC (-1.4 ± 2.7, P = 0.04) while the incidence of acute mountain sickness (LLS ≥ 3) fell from 42% with PEP0 to 25% after PEP10 (P = 0.043). Conclusion: PEP10 breathing improved arterial and tissue oxygenation and symptoms of acute mountain sickness after trekking to very high altitude, despite reduced cerebral perfusion and cardiac output. Further studies are required to establish whether PEP-breathing prophylactic mechanisms also occur in participants with more severe acute mountain sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rupp
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM), University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Claire Maufrais
- Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiorespiratoire (LAPEC EA4278), Avignon University, Avignon, France.,HP2 Laboratory, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Walther
- Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiorespiratoire (LAPEC EA4278), Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - François Esteve
- RSRM EA7442, ID17-ESRF, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jamie Hugo Macdonald
- Extremes Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
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10
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Grandperrin A, Schuster I, Rupp T, Izem O, Obert P, Nottin S. Left ventricular dyssynchrony and post-systolic shortening in young bodybuilders using anabolic-androgenic steroids. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H509-H517. [PMID: 34242095 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00136.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling, characterized by increased LV hypertrophy and depressed systolic and diastolic function, is observed in strength-trained athletes who use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). Previous studies suggested a pathological remodeling with an increase in cardiac fibrosis in these athletes, which could promote intraventricular dyssynchrony. In this context, this study evaluated LV dyssynchrony in strength-trained athletes using AAS, hypothesizing that the use of AAS would lead to an increase in post-systolic shortening. Forty-four male subjects (aged 20-40 yr) were divided into three age-matched groups: strength-trained athletes using (users, n = 14) or not (nonusers, n = 15) AAS and healthy sedentary men (controls, n = 15). After completing a survey, each participant was assessed with two-dimensional (2D)-strain echocardiography. LV dyssynchrony was quantified using the standard deviation (SD) of the time to peak for longitudinal strain of the 18 LV-segments (from the apical 4, 3, and 2 chambers views), the longitudinal strain delay index (LSDI), and the segmental post-systolic index (PSI). Users showed mean AAS dosages of 564 ± 288 mg[Formula: see text]wk-1 with a mean protocol duration of 12 ± 6 wk and a history of use of 4.7 ± 1.8 yr. They exhibited a greater LV mass index and depressed systolic and diastolic function when compared with both nonusers and controls. The decrease in LV strain in users was predominantly observed at the interventricular septum level (-16.9% ± 2.5% vs. -19.2% ± 1.8% and -19.0% ± 1.6% in users, nonusers, and controls, respectively, P < 0.01). Users showed higher SD than controls (43 ± 8 ms vs. 32 ± 5 ms, respectively, P < 0.01). The LSDI was significantly higher in users compared with both nonusers and controls (-23.4 ± 9.5 vs. -15.9 ± 9.3 and -9.8 ± 3.9, respectively, P < 0.01). PSI, calculated on the basal inferoseptal, basal anteroseptal, and basal inferolateral segments, were also greater in users compared with the two other groups. Our results reported an increase in LV dyssynchrony in young AAS users that brought new evidences of a pathologic cardiac remodeling in this specific population.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Illicit androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) use is widespread, but data on LV dyssynchrony are lacking, although it could be increased by a higher prevalence of myocardial fibrosis reported in this population. In AAS users, the decrease in LV strain was predominantly observed in interventricular segments. All dyssynchrony indices were higher in AAS users and several segments exhibited post-systolic shortening. These results showed an association between AAS consumption, LV remodeling, and dyssynchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Grandperrin
- Laboratoire de Phram-écologie Cardiovasculaire (LAPEC) EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Iris Schuster
- PhyMedExp, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Omar Izem
- Laboratoire de Phram-écologie Cardiovasculaire (LAPEC) EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Obert
- Laboratoire de Phram-écologie Cardiovasculaire (LAPEC) EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Stéphane Nottin
- Laboratoire de Phram-écologie Cardiovasculaire (LAPEC) EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France
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11
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Rupp T, Oelschlägel B, Rabitsch K, Mahfoud H, Wenke T, Disney RHL, Neinhuis C, Wanke S, Dötterl S. Flowers of Deceptive Aristolochia microstoma Are Pollinated by Phorid Flies and Emit Volatiles Known From Invertebrate Carrion. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.658441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deceptive flowers decoy pollinators by advertising a reward, which finally is not provided. Numerous deceptive plants are pollinated by Diptera, but the attractive cues and deceptive strategies are only identified in a few cases. A typical fly-deceptive plant genus is Aristolochia, which evolved sophisticated trap flowers to temporarily capture pollinators. Though rarely demonstrated by experimental approaches, Aristolochia species are believed to chemically mimic brood sites, food sources for adult flies, or utilize sexual deception. Indeed, for most species, studies on scent composition and attractive signals are lacking. In this study, we focused on Aristolochia microstoma, a peculiar Greek endemic with flowers that are presented at ground level in the leaf litter or between rocks and are characterized by a unique morphology. We analyzed flower visitor and pollinator spectra and identified the floral scent composition using dynamic headspace and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Female and male phorid flies (Phoridae) are the exclusive pollinators, although the flowers are also frequently visited by Sciaridae, as well as typical ground-dwelling arthropods, such as Collembola and arachnids. The carrion-like floral scent mainly consists of the oligosulphide dimethyldisulfide and the nitrogen-bearing compound 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. These compounds together are known to be released from decomposing insects, and thus, we conclude that pollinators are likely deceived by chemical imitation of invertebrate carrion, a deceptive strategy not described from another plant species so far.
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12
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Messonnier LA, Riccetti M, Chatel B, Galactéros F, Gellen B, Rupp T, Féasson L, Bartolucci P. How to implement endurance exercise training in sickle cell disease. Haematologica 2021; 106:1476-1479. [PMID: 32855281 PMCID: PMC8094104 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.267047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent A Messonnier
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambery, France
| | - Manon Riccetti
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambery, France
| | | | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Sickle Cell Referral Center, UMGGR, Henri-Mondor University Hospital (AP-HP), Creteil, France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Creteil, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambery, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Myology Unit, University Hospital Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Pablo Bartolucci
- Sickle Cell Referral Center, UMGGR, Henri-Mondor University Hospital (AP-HP), Creteil, France
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13
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Grandperrin A, Nottin S, Maufrais-Buisson C, Rupp T. Gender-specific adaptations to 4-months of strength training: Evaluation of left ventricular morphology and myocardial function. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2020.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Souron R, Voirin A, Kennouche D, Espeit L, Millet GY, Rupp T, Lapole T. Task failure during sustained low‐intensity contraction is not associated with a critical amount of central fatigue. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2329-2341. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Souron
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
- Laboratory of Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS) UR n°201723207F University of Toulon France
| | - Anne‐Cloé Voirin
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Djahid Kennouche
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Loïc Espeit
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM) University Savoie Mont Blanc Chambéry France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
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15
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Krüger RL, Peyrard A, di Domenico H, Rupp T, Millet GY, Samozino P. Optimal load for a torque-velocity relationship test during cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2455-2466. [PMID: 32816143 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lower limbs' neuromuscular force capabilities can only be determined during single sprints if the test provides a good fit of the data in the torque-velocity (T-V) and power-velocity (P-V) relationships. This study compared the goodness of fit of single sprints performed against traditional (7.5% of the body mass) vs. optimal load (calculated based on the force production capacity and ergometer specificities), and examined if reducing the load in fatigued state enhances T-V and P-V relationship goodness of fit. METHODS Thirteen individuals performed sprints before (PRE) and after (POST) a fatiguing task against different loads: (1) TRAD: traditional, (2) OPT: optimal, and (3) LOW-OPT: optimal load reduced according to fatigue levels. RESULTS At PRE, OPT sprints presented a higher R2 of the T-V relationship (0.92 ± 0.06) and lower time to reach maximal power (Pmax) (48 ± 9%) when compared with TRAD sprints (0.89 ± 0.06 and 66 ± 22%, respectively, p < 0.01). At POST, the range of velocity spectrum was greater in the LOW-OPT (33 ± 4%) vs. TRAD (24 ± 3%) and OPT (26 ± 8%, p < 0.007). Similarly, the time to reach Pmax was lower in the LOW-OPT (46 ± 12%) vs. TRAD (76 ± 24%) and OPT (70 ± 24%, p < 0.006). CONCLUSION Sprints performed against an OPT load and reducing the OPT load after fatigue improve the fit of data in the T-V and P-V curves. Sprints load assignment should consider force production capacities rather than body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata L Krüger
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arthur Peyrard
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Bâtiment 8C-Chartreuse, Campus scientifique, F-73000,, Chambery, France
| | - Hervé di Domenico
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Bâtiment 8C-Chartreuse, Campus scientifique, F-73000,, Chambery, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Bâtiment 8C-Chartreuse, Campus scientifique, F-73000,, Chambery, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Étienne, 73376, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Bâtiment 8C-Chartreuse, Campus scientifique, F-73000,, Chambery, France.
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16
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Marillier M, Rupp T, Bouzat P, Walther G, Baillieul S, Millet GY, Robach P, Verges S. Cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation during whole‐body exercise over 5 days at high altitude. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:65-75. [DOI: 10.1113/ep088354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Marillier
- HP2 Laboratory INSERM Grenoble Alpes University CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- HP2 Laboratory INSERM Grenoble Alpes University CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
- Inter‐University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences EA 7424 University Savoie Mont Blanc Chambery France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences INSERM U836 Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble France
| | | | - Sébastien Baillieul
- HP2 Laboratory INSERM Grenoble Alpes University CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Guillaume Y. Millet
- HP2 Laboratory INSERM Grenoble Alpes University CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424 F‐42023 Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Paul Robach
- HP2 Laboratory INSERM Grenoble Alpes University CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
- Ecole Nationale des Sports de Montagne site de l'Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme Chamonix France
| | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 Laboratory INSERM Grenoble Alpes University CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
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17
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Messonnier LA, Gellen B, Lacroix R, Peyrot S, Rupp T, Mira J, Peyrard A, Berkenou J, Galactéros F, Bartolucci P, Féasson L. Physiological Evaluation for Endurance Exercise Prescription in Sickle Cell Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:1795-1801. [PMID: 30920486 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although strenuous exercise may expose sickle cell disease (SCD) patients to risks of vaso-occlusive crisis, evidence suggests that regular endurance exercise may be beneficial. This study aimed to test (i) the safety and usefulness of a submaximal incremental exercise in evaluating physical ability of SCD patients and identify a marker for the management of endurance exercise and (ii) the feasibility of endurance exercise sessions in SCD patients. METHODS Twenty adults with SCD (12 men and 8 women) performed a submaximal incremental exercise used to determine the first lactate threshold (LT1) and stopped as soon as blood lactate concentration ([lactate]b) reached ≥4 mmol·L. Fifteen of those patients (8 men and 7 women) also performed three 30-min endurance exercise sessions at ~2.5 mmol·L of [lactate]b on separate occasions. RESULTS LT1 occurred at 47 ± 3 and 33 ± 3 W for men and women, respectively, demonstrating the extreme deconditioning and, thus, low physical ability of adult SCD patients. During endurance exercise, peripheral oxygen saturation and [lactate]b most often remained stable and within acceptable ranges. CONCLUSIONS The proposed strategy of submaximal incremental exercise allowed safe determination of LT1, an important parameter of patients' physical ability. The study also demonstrated the feasibility and safety of individually tailored endurance exercises at ~2.5 mmol·L of [lactate]b. These latter results suggest that endurance training programs may be considered for adult SCD patients and that the method proposed here may be helpful in that regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent A Messonnier
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry EA7424, FRANCE
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Creteil, FRANCE.,ELSAN, Polyclinique de Poitiers, Poitiers, FRANCE
| | - Roxane Lacroix
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry EA7424, FRANCE
| | - Sandrine Peyrot
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Creteil, FRANCE
| | - Thomas Rupp
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry EA7424, FRANCE
| | - José Mira
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry EA7424, FRANCE
| | - Arthur Peyrard
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry EA7424, FRANCE
| | - Jugurtha Berkenou
- Sickle Cell Referral Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Henri-Mondor University Hospital-UPEC, AP-HP, Créteil, FRANCE
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Sickle Cell Referral Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Henri-Mondor University Hospital-UPEC, AP-HP, Créteil, FRANCE.,IMRB, Henri-Mondor Hospital-UPEC, GRex, Créteil, FRANCE
| | - Pablo Bartolucci
- Sickle Cell Referral Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Henri-Mondor University Hospital-UPEC, AP-HP, Créteil, FRANCE.,IMRB, Henri-Mondor Hospital-UPEC, GRex, Créteil, FRANCE
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, EA7424, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE.,Myology Unit, Referent Center of Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Euro-NmD, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
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18
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Rupp T, Amling M, Rolvien T. FGF23 and bone microarchitecture. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:2359. [PMID: 31407023 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Rupp
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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19
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Rupp T, Saugy JJ, Bourdillon N, Verges S, Millet GP. Positive expiratory pressure improves arterial and cerebral oxygenation in acute normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R754-R762. [PMID: 31530174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00025.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) has been shown to limit hypoxia-induced reduction in arterial oxygen saturation, but its effectiveness on systemic and cerebral adaptations, depending on the type of hypoxic exposure [normobaric (NH) versus hypobaric (HH)], remains unknown. Thirteen healthy volunteers completed three randomized sessions consisting of 24-h exposure to either normobaric normoxia (NN), NH (inspiratory oxygen fraction, FiO2 = 13.6%; barometric pressure, BP = 716 mmHg; inspired oxygen partial pressure, PiO2 = 90.9 ± 1.0 mmHg), or HH (3,450 m, FiO2 = 20.9%, BP = 482 mmHg, PiO2 = 91.0 ± 0.6 mmHg). After the 6th and the 22nd hours, participants breathed quietly through a facemask with a 10-cmH2O PEP for 2 × 5 min interspaced with 5 min of free breathing. Arterial (SpO2, pulse oximetry), quadriceps, and cerebral (near-infrared spectroscopy) oxygenation, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv; transcranial Doppler), ventilation, and cardiovascular responses were recorded continuously. SpO2without PEP was significantly lower in HH (87 ± 4% on average for both time points, P < 0.001) compared with NH (91 ± 3%) and NN (97 ± 1%). PEP breathing did not change SpO2 in NN but increased it similarly in NH and HH (+4.3 ± 2.5 and +4.7 ± 4.1% after 6h; +3.5 ± 2.2 and +4.1 ± 2.9% after 22h, both P < 0.001). Although MCAv was reduced by PEP (in all sessions and at all time points, -6.0 ± 4.2 cm/s on average, P < 0.001), the cerebral oxygenation was significantly improved (P < 0.05) with PEP in both NH and HH, with no difference between conditions. These data indicate that PEP could be an attractive nonpharmacological means to improve arterial and cerebral oxygenation under both normobaric and hypobaric mild hypoxic conditions in healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rupp
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambery, France
| | - Jonas J Saugy
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Verges
- Hypoxia-pathophysiology 2 Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University, France.,Unité 1042, INSERM, Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Rupp T, Butscheidt S, Vettorazzi E, Oheim R, Barvencik F, Amling M, Rolvien T. High FGF23 levels are associated with impaired trabecular bone microarchitecture in patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1655-1662. [PMID: 31044263 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This cross-sectional study examined the associations between c-terminal FGF23 levels, laboratory markers of bone metabolism and bone microarchitecture in 82 patients with osteoporosis. Higher FGF23 levels were associated with impaired trabecular but not cortical bone microarchitecture, and this was confirmed after adjusting for confounding variables such as age or BMI. INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an endocrine hormone-regulating phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. While its mode of action is well understood in diseases such as hereditary forms of rickets or tumor-induced osteomalacia, the interpretation of FGF23 levels in patients with osteoporosis with regard to bone microarchitecture is less clear. METHODS C-terminal FGF23 levels and bone turnover markers were assessed in 82 patients with osteoporosis (i.e., DXA T-score ≤ - 2.5 at the lumbar spine or total hip). Bone microarchitecture was measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at the distal radius and tibia. Data were analyzed in a cross-sectional design using correlation and regression models. RESULTS We found a significant negative logarithmic correlation between FGF23 levels and trabecular but not cortical bone microarchitecture at both skeletal sites. Furthermore, using a multiple linear regression model, we confirmed FGF23 as a predictor for reduced trabecular parameters even when adjusting for confounding factors such as age, BMI, phosphate, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D3, and PTH. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, high FGF23 levels are associated with impaired trabecular bone microarchitecture in osteoporosis patients, and this association seems to occur after adjustment of confounding variables including phosphate and vitamin D. Future longitudinal studies are now needed to validate our findings and investigate FGF23 in relation to fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rupp
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Butscheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Vettorazzi
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Barvencik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Willis SJ, Peyrard A, Rupp T, Borrani F, Millet GP. Vascular and oxygenation responses of local ischemia and systemic hypoxia during arm cycling repeated sprints. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:1151-1156. [PMID: 31104973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute vascular and oxygenation responses to repeated sprint exercise during arm cycling with either blood flow restriction (BFR) or systemic hypoxia alone or in combination. DESIGN The study design was a single-blinded repeated-measures assessment of four conditions with two levels of normobaric hypoxia (400 m and 3800 m) and two levels of BFR (0% and 45% of total occlusion). METHODS Sixteen active participants (eleven men and five women; mean ± SD; 26.4 ± 4.0 years old; 73.8 ± 9.8 kg; 1.79 ± 0.07 m) completed 5 sessions (1 familiarization, 4 conditions). During each test visit, participants performed a repeated sprint arm cycling test to exhaustion (10 s maximal sprints with 20 s recovery until exhaustion) to measure power output, metabolic equivalents, blood flow, as well as oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) of the biceps brachii muscle tissue. RESULTS Repeated sprint performance was decreased with both BFR and systemic hypoxia conditions. Greater changes between minimum-maximum of sprints in total hemoglobin concentration (Δ[tHb]) were demonstrated with BFR (400 m, 45% and 3800 m, 45%) than without (400 m, 0% and 3800 m, 0%) (p < 0.001 for both). Additionally, delta tissue saturation index (ΔTSI) decreased more with both BFR conditions than without (p < 0.001 for both). The absolute maximum TSI was progressively reduced with both BFR and systemic hypoxia (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS By combining high-intensity, repeated sprint exercise with BFR and/or systemic hypoxia, there is a robust stimulus detected by increased changes in blood perfusion placed on specific vascular mechanisms, which were more prominent in BFR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Willis
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Arthur Peyrard
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424 LIBM Chambéry), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Campus Scientifique Technolac, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424 LIBM Chambéry), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Campus Scientifique Technolac, France
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Maufrais C, Rupp T, Bouzat P, Estève F, Nottin S, Walther G, Verges S. Medex 2015: The key role of cardiac mechanics to maintain biventricular function at high altitude. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:667-676. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Maufrais
- U1042INSERM F‐38000 Grenoble France
- Laboratoire HP2Grenoble Alpes University F‐38000 Grenoble France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la MotricitéUniversité Savoie Mont Blanc EA7424 F‐73000 Chambéry France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- EA 7442 RSRM – ID17/ESRF F‐38043 Grenoble France
- Pôle Anesthésie RéanimationCHU de Grenoble Grenoble France
- INSERM U1216Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenoble Alpes University F‐38042 Grenoble France
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Verges
- U1042INSERM F‐38000 Grenoble France
- Laboratoire HP2Grenoble Alpes University F‐38000 Grenoble France
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Gellen B, Messonnier LA, Galactéros F, Audureau E, Merlet AN, Rupp T, Peyrot S, Martin C, Féasson L, Bartolucci P, Habibi A, Guillet E, Gellen-Dautremer J, Ribeil JA, Arlet JB, Mattioni S, Berkenou J, Delrieux N, Lionnet F, Grenot JF, Mira J, Peyrard A, Lacroix R, Garcin A, Di Liberto G, Hourdé C. Moderate-intensity endurance-exercise training in patients with sickle-cell disease without severe chronic complications (EXDRE): an open-label randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Haematology 2018; 5:e554-e562. [PMID: 30389037 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(18)30163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Aboodarda SJ, Mira J, Floreani M, Jaswal R, Moon SJ, Amery K, Rupp T, Millet GY. Effects of endurance cycling training on neuromuscular fatigue in healthy active men. Part II: Corticospinal excitability and voluntary activation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2295-2305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Maufrais C, Rupp T, Bouzat P, Doucende G, Verges S, Nottin S, Walther G. Heart mechanics at high altitude: 6 days on the top of Europe. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 18:1369-1377. [PMID: 28329216 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to analyse the underlying mechanisms of left and right ventricular (LV and RV) functional alterations during several days in high-altitude hypoxia. Methods and results Resting evaluations of LV and RV function and mechanics were assessed by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography on 11 subjects at sea level (SLPRE), 3 ± 2 h after helicopter transport to high altitude (D0), at day 2 (D2), day 4 (D4) and day 6 (D6) at 4350 m and 5 ± 2 h after return to sea level (SLPOST). Subjects experienced acute mountain sickness (AMS) during the first days at 4350 m. LV systolic function, RV systolic and diastolic function, LV and RV strains and LV synchrony were unchanged at high altitude. Peak twist was increased at D0, continued to increase until D6 (SLPRE: 9.0 ± 5.1deg; D6: 13.0 ± 4.0deg, P < 0.05), but was normalized at SLPOST. Early filling decreased at high altitude with a nadir at D2 (SLPRE: 78 ± 13 cm s-1; D2: 66 ± 11 cm s-1, P < 0.05). LV filling pressures index was decreased at high altitude with the minimum value obtained at D2 and remained reduced at SLPOST. Untwisting, an important factor of LV filling, was not decreased but was delayed at 4350 m. Conclusions High-altitude exposure impaired LV diastolic function with the greatest effect observed at D2, concomitantly with the occurrence of AMS. The LV early filling impairments resulted from an increased RV afterload, a decrease in LV filling pressure and a delayed LV untwist. However, the increased LV twist probably acted as a compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac performance during high-altitude hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Maufrais
- U1042, INSERM, Domaine de la Merci, F-38700, La Tronche - Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, Grenoble Alpes Université, Avenue Kimberley, F-38434, Echirolles - Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- U1042, INSERM, Domaine de la Merci, F-38700, La Tronche - Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, Grenoble Alpes Université, Avenue Kimberley, F-38434, Echirolles - Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 27 rue Marcoz F-73000, Chambéry, France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, F-38700 La Tronche - Grenoble, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, CHU de Grenoble, Avenue Maquis du Grésivaudan, F-38700 La Tronche - Grenoble, France
| | - Gregory Doucende
- Laboratoire Performance et Santé en Altitude, Université de Perpignan, 7 Avenue Pierre de Coubertin, F-66120, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- U1042, INSERM, Domaine de la Merci, F-38700, La Tronche - Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, Grenoble Alpes Université, Avenue Kimberley, F-38434, Echirolles - Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Nottin
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, 74 Rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Guillaume Walther
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, 74 Rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000, Avignon, France
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Fort R, Zouiti F, Chouk Turki R, Menouche D, Pakdaman S, Habibi A, Galactéros F, Pirenne F, Rupp T, Bartolucci P. Évaluation de l’oxygénation tissulaire cérébrale au moyen de la NIRS au cours des échanges transfusionnels chez des patients drépanocytaires atteints d’une vasculopathie cérébrale. Rev Med Interne 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.03.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rupp T, Vincent V, Vincent C, Guillaume F. PO-421 Anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapies repress tumour progression through independent cellular mechanisms. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE Prolonged cycling exercise performance in normoxia is limited because of both peripheral and central neuromuscular impairments. It has been reported that cerebral perturbations are greater during short-duration exercise in hypoxia compared with normoxia. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that central deficits are accentuated in hypoxia compared with normoxia during prolonged (three bouts of 80 min separated by 25 min) whole-body exercise at the same relative intensity. METHODS Ten subjects performed two sessions consisting of three 80-min cycling bouts at 45% of their relative maximal aerobic power in normoxia and hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.12). Before exercise and after each bout, maximal voluntary force, voluntary activation assessed with nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, corticospinal excitability (motor evoked potential), intracortical inhibition (cortical silent period), and electrical (M-wave) and contractile (twitch and doublet peak forces) properties of the knee extensors were measured. Prefrontal and motor cortical oxygenation was also recorded during each cycling bout in both conditions. RESULTS A significant but similar force reduction (≈-22%) was observed at the end of exercise in normoxia and hypoxia. The modifications of voluntary activation assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation and nerve stimulation, motor evoked potential, cortical silent period, and M-wave were also similar in both conditions. However, cerebral oxygenation was reduced in hypoxia compared with normoxia. CONCLUSION These findings show that when performed at the same relative low intensity, prolonged exercise does not induce greater supraspinal fatigue in hypoxia compared with normoxia. Despite lower absolute exercise intensities in hypoxia, reduced brain O2 availability might contribute to similar amounts of central fatigue compared with normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jubeau
- 1Laboratory HP2, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, FRANCE; 2INSERM U1042, Grenoble, FRANCE; 3Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, FRANCE; 4Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, FRANCE; 5Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE; 6Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CANADA; and 7EuroMov, University of Montpellier, FRANCE
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Mira J, Lapole T, Souron R, Messonnier L, Millet GY, Rupp T. Cortical voluntary activation testing methodology impacts central fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1845-1857. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kerhervé HA, Samozino P, Descombe F, Pinay M, Millet GY, Pasqualini M, Rupp T. Calf Compression Sleeves Change Biomechanics but Not Performance and Physiological Responses in Trail Running. Front Physiol 2017; 8:247. [PMID: 28496411 PMCID: PMC5406472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine whether calf compression sleeves (CS) affects physiological and biomechanical parameters, exercise performance, and perceived sensations of muscle fatigue, pain and soreness during prolonged (~2 h 30 min) outdoor trail running. Methods: Fourteen healthy trained males took part in a randomized, cross-over study consisting in two identical 24-km trail running sessions (each including one bout of running at constant rate on moderately flat terrain, and one period of all-out running on hilly terrain) wearing either degressive CS (23 ± 2 mmHg) or control sleeves (CON, <4 mmHg). Running time, heart rate and muscle oxygenation of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (measured using portable near-infrared spectroscopy) were monitored continuously. Muscle functional capabilities (power, stiffness) were determined using 20 s of maximal hopping before and after both sessions. Running biomechanics (kinematics, vertical and leg stiffness) were determined at 12 km·h−1 at the beginning, during, and at the end of both sessions. Exercise-induced Achilles tendon pain and delayed onset calf muscles soreness (DOMS) were assessed using visual analog scales. Results: Muscle oxygenation increased significantly in CS compared to CON at baseline and immediately after exercise (p < 0.05), without any difference in deoxygenation kinetics during the run, and without any significant change in run times. Wearing CS was associated with (i) higher aerial time and leg stiffness in running at constant rate, (ii) with lower ground contact time, higher leg stiffness, and higher vertical stiffness in all-out running, and (iii) with lower ground contact time in hopping. Significant DOMS were induced in both CS and CON (>6 on a 10-cm scale) with no difference between conditions. However, Achilles tendon pain was significantly lower after the trial in CS than CON (p < 0.05). Discussion: Calf compression did not modify muscle oxygenation during ~2 h 30 of trail running but significantly changed running biomechanics and lower limb muscle functional capabilities toward a more dynamic behavior compared to control session. However, wearing compression sleeves did not affect performance and exercise-induced DOMS, while it minimized Achilles tendon pain immediately after running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Kerhervé
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France.,Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine CoastSippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France
| | | | - Matthieu Pinay
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of CalgaryCalgary, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Rupp
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE Slight physiological differences between acute exposure in normobaric hypoxia (NH) and hypobaric hypoxia (HH) have been reported. Taken together, these differences suggest different physiological responses to hypoxic exposure to a simulated altitude (NH) versus a terrestrial altitude (HH). For this purpose, in the present study, we aimed to directly compare the time-trial performance after acute hypoxia exposure (26 h, 3450 min) by the same subjects under three different conditions: NH, HH, and normobaric normoxia (NN). Based on all of the preceding studies examining the differences among these hypoxic conditions, we hypothesized greater performance impairment in HH than in NH. METHODS The experimental design consisted of three sessions: NN (Sion: FiO2, 20.93), NH (Sion, hypoxic room: FiO2, 13.6%; barometric pressure, 716 mm Hg), and HH (Jungfraujoch: FiO2, 20.93; barometric pressure, 481 mm Hg). The performance was evaluated at the end of each session with a cycle time trial of 250 kJ. RESULTS The mean time trial duration in NN was significantly shorter than under the two hypoxic conditions (P < 0.001). In addition, the mean duration in NH was significantly shorter than that in HH (P < 0.01). The mean pulse oxygen saturation during the time trial was significantly lower for HH than for NH (P < 0.05), and it was significantly higher in NN than for the two other sessions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION As previously suggested, HH seems to be a more stressful stimulus, and NH and HH should not be used interchangeability when endurance performance is the main objective. The principal factor in this performance difference between hypoxic conditions seemed to be the lower peripheral oxygen saturation in HH at rest, as well as during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J Saugy
- 1ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, SWITZERLAND; 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, SWITZERLAND; 3Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Savoie Mont Blanc University, Chambery, FRANCE
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Verges S, Rupp T, Villien M, Lamalle L, Troprés I, Poquet C, Warnking JM, Estève F, Bouzat P, Krainik A. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Investigation of Brain Adaptations to 6 Days at 4350 m. Front Physiol 2016; 7:393. [PMID: 27660613 PMCID: PMC5014870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hypoxic exposure in healthy subjects can induce acute mountain sickness including headache, lethargy, cerebral dysfunction, and substantial cerebral structural alterations which, in worst case, can lead to potentially fatal high altitude cerebral edema. Within this context, the relationships between high altitude-induced cerebral edema, changes in cerebral perfusion, increased brain parenchyma volume, increased intracranial pressure, and symptoms remain unclear. Methods: In 11 subjects before and after 6 days at 4350 m, we performed multiparametric magnetic resonance investigations including anatomical, apparent diffusion coefficient and arterial spin labeling sequences. Results: After the altitude stay, while subjects were asymptomatic, white matter volume (+0.7 ± 0.4%, p = 0.005), diffusion (+1.7 ± 1.4%, p = 0.002), and cerebral blood flow (+28 ± 38%; p = 0.036) were significantly increased while cerebrospinal fluid volume was reduced (−1.4 ± 1.1%, p = 0.009). Optic nerve sheath diameter (used as an index of increased intracranial pressure) was unchanged from before (5.84 ± 0.53 mm) to after (5.92 ± 0.60 mm, p = 0.390) altitude exposure. Correlations were observed between increases in white matter volume and diffusion (rho = 0.81, p = 0.016) and between changes in CSF volume and changes in ONSD s (rho = −0.92, p = 0.006) and symptoms during the altitude stay (rho = −0.67, p = 0.031). Conclusions: These data demonstrate white matter alterations after several days at high altitude when subjects are asymptomatic that may represent the normal brain response to prolonged high altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Verges
- HP2 Laboratory, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; U1042, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleGrenoble, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- HP2 Laboratory, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; U1042, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleGrenoble, France; Inter-Universitary Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Université Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France
| | - Marjorie Villien
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; SFR1, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Laurent Lamalle
- U836, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Grenoble, France
| | - Irène Troprés
- U836, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Poquet
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; SFR1, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Jan M Warnking
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; SFR1, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - François Estève
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; SFR1, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; SFR1, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Krainik
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; SFR1, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
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Rupp T, Mallouf TLR, Perrey S, Wuyam B, Millet GY, Verges S. CO2 Clamping, Peripheral and Central Fatigue during Hypoxic Knee Extensions in Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:2513-24. [PMID: 26110698 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The central nervous system can play a critical role in limiting exercise performance during hypoxic conditions. Hypocapnia, which is associated with hypoxia-induced hyperventilation, may affect cerebral perfusion. We hypothesized that CO2 clamping during hypoxic isometric knee extensions would improve cerebral oxygenation and reduce central fatigue. METHODS Fifteen healthy men (mean ± SD: age, 25 ± 8 yr; body mass, 72 ± 11 kg; height, 179 ± 7 cm) performed intermittent isometric knee extensions at ∼50% of maximal voluntary contraction to task failure in normoxia, hypoxia with CO2 clamping (arterial O2 saturation, 80% ± 2%; end-tidal CO2 partial pressure, 40 ± 2 mm Hg), and hypoxia without CO2 clamping (arterial O2 saturation, 80% ± 3%). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and femoral nerve electrical stimulation were used to assess central and peripheral determinants of fatigue. Prefrontal cortex and quadriceps femoris oxygenation were monitored by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Exercise duration was reduced to a similar extent in hypoxia with CO2 clamping (997 ± 460 s) or hypoxia without CO2 clamping (929 ± 412 s) compared to normoxia (1473 ± 876 s; P < 0.001). Prefrontal cortex and quadriceps oxygenation were increased (+5.3 ± 8.6 and +2.6 ± 3.0 μmol·cm at task failure, respectively; P < 0.01) during hypoxia with CO2 clamping compared to hypoxia without CO2 clamping. Transcranial magnetic stimulation maximal voluntary activation decreased to a greater extent at task failure in hypoxia without CO2 clamping (-18% ± 8%) compared to hypoxia with CO2 clamping (-9% ± 9%; P < 0.01) and normoxia (-10% ± 7%; P < 0.05). Conversely, exercise-induced peripheral fatigue was larger in hypoxia with CO2 clamping than in hypoxia without CO2 clamping (e.g., Db10-to-Db100 ratio of 0.54 ± 0.12 and 0.63 ± 0.11 at task failure, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that CO2 clamping can alter central and peripheral mechanisms that contribute to neuromuscular fatigue during hypoxic isometric knee extensions in men. Hypocapnia impairs cerebral oxygenation and central drive but exerts a protective effect against fatigability in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rupp
- 1HP2 Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, FRANCE; 2U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, FRANCE; 3Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, FRANCE; 4Movement To Health, Montpellier-I University, Euromov, Montpellier, FRANCE; 5Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE; and 6Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
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Heinzer R, Saugy JJ, Rupp T, Tobback N, Faiss R, Bourdillon N, Rubio JH, Millet GP. Comparison of Sleep Disorders between Real and Simulated 3,450-m Altitude. Sleep 2016; 39:1517-23. [PMID: 27166242 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Hypoxia is known to generate sleep-disordered breathing but there is a debate about the pathophysiological responses to two different types of hypoxic exposure: normobaric hypoxia (NH) and hypobaric hypoxia (HH), which have never been directly compared. Our aim was to compare sleep disorders induced by these two types of altitude. METHODS Subjects were exposed to 26 h of simulated (NH) or real altitude (HH) corresponding to 3,450 m and a control condition (NN) in a randomized order. The sleep assessments were performed with nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaires. Thirteen healthy trained males subjects volunteered for this study (mean ± SD; age 34 ± 9 y, body weight 76.2 ± 6.8 kg, height 179.7 ± 4.2 cm). RESULTS Mean nocturnal oxygen saturation was further decreased during HH than in NH (81.2 ± 3.1 versus 83.6 ± 1.9%; P < 0.01) when compared to NN (95.5 ± 0.9%; P < 0.001). Heart rate was higher in HH than in NH (61 ± 10 versus 55 ± 6 bpm; P < 0.05) and NN (48 ± 5 bpm; P < 0.001). Total sleep time was longer in HH than in NH (351 ± 63 versus 317 ± 65 min, P < 0.05), and both were shorter compared to NN (388 ± 50 min, P < 0.05). Breathing frequency did not differ between conditions. Apnea-hypopnea index was higher in HH than in NH (20.5 [15.8-57.4] versus 11.4 [5.0-65.4]; P < 0.01) and NN (8.2 [3.9-8.8]; P < 0.001). Subjective sleep quality was similar between hypoxic conditions but lower than in NN. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HH has a greater effect on nocturnal breathing and sleep structure than NH. In HH, we observed more periodic breathing, which might arise from the lower saturation due to hypobaria, but needs to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Heinzer
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonas J Saugy
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Savoie Mont Blanc University, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Chambery, France
| | - Nadia Tobback
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Faiss
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José Haba Rubio
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Davranche K, Casini L, Arnal PJ, Rupp T, Perrey S, Verges S. Cognitive functions and cerebral oxygenation changes during acute and prolonged hypoxic exposure. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:189-97. [PMID: 27262217 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess specific cognitive processes (cognitive control and time perception) and hemodynamic correlates using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during acute and prolonged high-altitude exposure. Eleven male subjects were transported via helicopter and dropped at 14 272 ft (4 350 meters) of altitude where they stayed for 4 days. Cognitive tasks, involving a conflict task and temporal bisection task, were performed at sea level the week before ascending to high altitude, the day of arrival (D0), the second (D2) and fourth (D4) day at high altitude. Cortical hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) area were monitored with fNIRS at rest and during the conflict task. Results showed that high altitude impacts information processing in terms of speed and accuracy. In the early hours of exposure (D0), participants displayed slower reaction times (RT) and decision errors were twice as high. While error rate for simple spontaneous responses remained twice that at sea level, the slow-down of RT was not detectable after 2 days at high-altitude. The larger fNIRS responses from D0 to D2 suggest that higher prefrontal activity partially counteracted cognitive performance decrements. Cognitive control, assessed through the build-up of a top-down response suppression mechanism, the early automatic response activation and the post-error adjustment were not impacted by hypoxia. However, during prolonged hypoxic exposure the temporal judgments were underestimated suggesting a slowdown of the internal clock. A decrease in cortical arousal level induced by hypoxia could consistently explain both the slowdown of the internal clock and the persistence of a higher number of errors after several days of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Davranche
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive (LPC), UMR 7290, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, FR, 3C FR, 3512, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurence Casini
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR 7291, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, FR, 3C FR, 3512, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierrick J Arnal
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, EA4338, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - Thomas Rupp
- HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes Université, Grenoble, France; U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes Université, Grenoble, France; U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.
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Rupp T, Peyrard A, Tamisier R, Pepin JL, Verges S. Cerebral and Muscle Oxygenation During Intermittent Hypoxia Exposure in Healthy Humans. Sleep 2016; 39:1197-9. [PMID: 26951398 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate changes in muscle and cerebral oxygenation during intermittent hypoxia (IH). METHODS Fifteen healthy subjects were exposed to 45-min IH (2-min cycles). Arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), prefrontal cortex and brachial biceps muscle oxygenation (assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy), heart rate, and ventilation were continuously recorded. RESULTS During 2-min IH cycles, changes in SpO2 (9.2% ± 3.3%) were associated with significant changes in cortex oxygenation (3.2% ± 1.8%), minute ventilation, and heart rate, but no change in muscle oxygenation (0.2% ± 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS Fluctuations of blood oxygen levels comparable to severe obstructive sleep apnea translate into distinct pattern of oxygenation changes in the muscle and cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rupp
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Chambéry, France
| | - Arthur Peyrard
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Chambéry, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- University Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pepin
- University Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- University Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1042, Grenoble, France
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Bachasson D, Temesi J, Gruet M, Yokoyama K, Rupp T, Millet G, Verges S. Corrigendum to “Transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity affects exercise-induced changes in corticomotoneuronal excitability and inhibition and voluntary activation” [Neuroscience 314 (2016) 125–133]. Neuroscience 2016; 324:509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mira J, Lapole T, Souron R, Messonnier L, Millet G, Rupp T. Cortical Voluntary Activation Assessment Methodology Impacts Central Fatigue Determined After Sustained Maximal Voluntary Contractions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485313.67618.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maufrais C, Rupp T, Bouzat P, Doucende G, Verges S, Nottin S, Walther G. 0120 : Left ventricular mechanics at high altitude: 6 days on the top of Europe. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(16)30520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Izem O, Maufrais C, Rupp T, Shuster I, Nottin S. 0176 : LV diastolic function and mechanics adaptation during the transition from rest to exercise. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(16)30521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Giandolini M, Gimenez P, Temesi J, Arnal PJ, Martin V, Rupp T, Morin JB, Samozino P, Millet GY. Effect of the Fatigue Induced by a 110-km Ultramarathon on Tibial Impact Acceleration and Lower Leg Kinematics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151687. [PMID: 27031830 PMCID: PMC4816299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultramarathon runners are exposed to a high number of impact shocks and to severe neuromuscular fatigue. Runners may manage mechanical stress and muscle fatigue by changing their running kinematics. Our purposes were to study (i) the effects of a 110-km mountain ultramarathon (MUM) on tibial shock acceleration and lower limb kinematics, and (ii) whether kinematic changes are modulated according to the severity of neuromuscular fatigue. Twenty-three runners participated in the study. Pre- and post-MUM, neuromuscular tests were performed to assess knee extensor (KE) and plantar flexor (PF) central and peripheral fatigue, and a treadmill running bouts was completed during which step frequency, peak acceleration, median frequency and impact frequency content were measured from tibial acceleration, as well as foot-to-treadmill, tibia-to-treadmill, and ankle flexion angles at initial contact, and ankle range of motion using video analysis. Large neuromuscular fatigue, including peripheral changes and deficits in voluntary activation, was observed in KE and PF. MVC decrements of ~35% for KE and of ~28% for PF were noted. Among biomechanical variables, step frequency increased by ~2.7% and the ankle range of motion decreased by ~4.1% post-MUM. Runners adopting a non rearfoot strike pre-MUM adopted a less plantarflexed foot strike pattern post-MUM while those adopting a rearfoot strike pre-MUM tended to adopt a less dorsiflexed foot strike pattern post-MUM. Positive correlations were observed between percent changes in peripheral PF fatigue and the ankle range of motion. Peripheral PF fatigue was also significantly correlated to both percent changes in step frequency and the ankle angle at contact. This study suggests that in a fatigued state, ultratrail runners use compensatory/protective adjustments leading to a flatter foot landing and this is done in a fatigue dose-dependent manner. This strategy may aim at minimizing the overall load applied to the musculoskeletal system, including impact shock and muscle stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Giandolini
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), University Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- Laboratory Culture Sport Health Society (EA 4660), University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - John Temesi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Pierrick J. Arnal
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (EA3533), Université Blaise Pascal Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), University Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education Sport and Health (EA6312), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), University Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - Guillaume Y. Millet
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (EA4338), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
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Maufrais C, Millet GP, Schuster I, Rupp T, Nottin S. Progressive and biphasic cardiac responses during extreme mountain ultramarathon. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1340-8. [PMID: 26921434 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00037.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigations on the cardiac function consequences of mountain ultramarathon (MUM) >100 h are lacking. The present study assessed the progressive cardiac responses during the world's most challenging MUM (Tor des Géants; Italy; 330 km; 24,000 m of cumulative elevation gain). Resting echocardiographic evaluation of morphology, function, and mechanics of left and right ventricle (LV and RV) including speckle tracking echocardiography was conducted in 15 male participants (46 ± 13 yr) before (pre), during (mid; 148 km), and after (post) the race. Runners completed the race in 126 ± 15 h. From pre to post, the increase in stroke volume (SV) (103 ± 19 vs. 110 ± 23 vs. 116 ± 21 ml; P < 0.001 at pre, mid, and post) was concomitant to the increase in LV early filling (peak E; 72.9 ± 15.7 vs. 74.6 ± 13.1 vs. 82.1 ± 11.5 cm/s; P < 0.05). Left and right atrial end-diastolic areas, RV end-diastolic area, and LV end-diastolic volume were 12-19% higher at post compared with pre (P < 0.05). Resting heart rate and LV systolic strain rates demonstrated a biphasic adaptation with an increase from pre to mid (55 ± 8 vs. 72 ± 11 beats/min, P < 0.001) and a return to baseline values from mid to post (59 ± 8 beats/min). Significant correlations were found between pre-to-post percent changes in peak E and LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.63, P < 0.05) or RV (r = 0.82, P < 0.001) or atrial end-diastolic areas (r = 0.83, P < 0.001). An extreme MUM induced a biphasic pattern of heart rate in parallel with specific cardiac responses characterized by a progressive increase in diastolic filling, biventricular volumes, and SV. The underlying mechanisms and their clinical implications remain challenging for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- ISSUL Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Physiology-University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iris Schuster
- Dysfunction of Vascular Interfaces Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier I University and Nîmes University Hospital Center, Nîmes, France; and
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Savoie, Chambery, France
| | - Stéphane Nottin
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA 4278, F-84000, Avignon, France;
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Bachasson D, Temesi J, Gruet M, Yokoyama K, Rupp T, Millet G, Verges S. Transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity affects exercise-induced changes in corticomotoneuronal excitability and inhibition and voluntary activation. Neuroscience 2016; 314:125-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ribon A, Pialoux V, Saugy JJ, Rupp T, Faiss R, Debevec T, Millet GP. Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia results in higher oxidative stress compared to normobaric hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 223:23-7. [PMID: 26732282 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen healthy exercise trained participants underwent the following three, 10-h exposures in a randomized manner: (1) Hypobaric hypoxia (HH; 3450m terrestrial altitude) (2) Normobaric hypoxia (NH; 3450m simulated altitude) and (3) Normobaric normoxia (NN). Plasma oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA; advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP) and antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; catalase; ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP) were measured before and after each exposure. MDA was significantly higher after HH compared to NN condition (+24%). SOD and GPX activities were increased (vs. before; +29% and +54%) while FRAP was decreased (vs. before; -34%) only after 10h of HH. AOPP significantly increased after 10h for NH (vs. before; +83%), and HH (vs. before; +99%) whereas it remained stable in NN. These results provide evidence that prooxidant/antioxidant balance was impaired to a greater degree following acute exposure to terrestrial (HH) vs. simulated altitude (NH) and that the chamber confinement (NN) did likely not explain these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ribon
- CRIS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, France
| | - V Pialoux
- CRIS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | - J J Saugy
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Rupp
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - R Faiss
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Debevec
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G P Millet
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Puthon L, Bouzat P, Rupp T, Robach P, Favre-Juvin A, Verges S. Physiological characteristics of elite high-altitude climbers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1052-9. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Puthon
- HP2 Laboratory; Faculté de Médecine; Grenoble Alpes University; Batiment Jean Roget; Grenoble France
- U1042; Faculté de Médecine; INSERM; Batiment Jean Roget; Grenoble France
- Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - P. Bouzat
- Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble France
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences; INSERM U836; Grenoble France
| | - T. Rupp
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice; Université Savoie Mont Blanc; Chambéry France
| | - P. Robach
- HP2 Laboratory; Faculté de Médecine; Grenoble Alpes University; Batiment Jean Roget; Grenoble France
- U1042; Faculté de Médecine; INSERM; Batiment Jean Roget; Grenoble France
- Medical Department; Ecole Nationale des Sports de Montagne; site de l'Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme; Chamonix France
| | - A. Favre-Juvin
- HP2 Laboratory; Faculté de Médecine; Grenoble Alpes University; Batiment Jean Roget; Grenoble France
- U1042; Faculté de Médecine; INSERM; Batiment Jean Roget; Grenoble France
| | - S. Verges
- HP2 Laboratory; Faculté de Médecine; Grenoble Alpes University; Batiment Jean Roget; Grenoble France
- U1042; Faculté de Médecine; INSERM; Batiment Jean Roget; Grenoble France
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Izem O, Maufrais C, Rupp T, Shuster I, Nottin S. 0354 : Kinetics of regional myocardial strains at the onset of dynamic exercise. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(15)30209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Bouzat P, Walther G, Rupp T, Levy P, Vergès S. Inferior vena cava diameter may be misleading in detecting central venous pressure elevation induced by acute pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:233-5. [PMID: 25025357 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0488le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Vitiello D, Cassirame J, Menetrier A, Rupp T, Schuster I, Reboul C, Obert P, Tordi N, Nottin S. Depressed systolic function after a prolonged and strenuous exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 45:2072-9. [PMID: 23657162 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318298a585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged and strenuous exercise (PSE) induces transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Although a consensus exists regarding the decrease in diastolic function, the existence of a decrease in systolic function by a PSE remains controversial, probably due to the transient tachycardia and changes in loading conditions observed upon the completion of exercise. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate LV systolic function before and after a PSE using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography not only at rest but also during incremental tests to adjust heart rates (HR). METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen healthy young men (23 ± 3 yr old) performed a 3-h period of intensity-controlled upright cycling. LV strain (S), systolic strain rate (SR), rotation, and systolic rotational rate were evaluated by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography before and after a 3-h period of PSE at rest and during incremental tests. Posttest evaluation was performed once the HR had returned to the pretest value. Under resting conditions, parameters of systolic function were either unchanged or increased after the PSE. However, during the incremental test, all LV systolic SR and apical rotational rates were decreased after PSE (radial SR at workload 3 (W3): 2.21 ± 0.12.s(-1) vs 1.87 ± 0.10.s(-1), P < 0.01 and apical rotational rate at W3: 128 ± 28 deg.s(-1) vs 105 ± 26 deg.s(-1), P < 0.05). Regression analyses between LV systolic SR and HR showed lower y-intercepts without differences in slopes, suggesting a decrease of both global and regional systolic functions irrespective of HR after the PSE. CONCLUSION Our findings based on LV S and SR data during incremental tests demonstrate that the 3-h period of PSE induces LV systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Vitiello
- 1EA-4278, Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Faculty of Sciences, University of Avignon, Avignon, FRANCE; 2EA-3920, Physiopathologie cardiovasculaire et prévention, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Franche Comté, Besançon, FRANCE; 3HP2 Laboratory (INSERM), Joseph Fourier University and Exercise Research Unit, University Hospital, Grenoble, FRANCE; and 4Department of Vascular Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, FRANCE
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Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that during fatiguing quadriceps exercise, supraspinal fatigue develops late, is associated with both increased corticospinal excitability and inhibition and recovers quickly. Eight subjects performed 20 s contractions [15 s at 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) followed by 5 s MVC] separated by a 10 s rest period until task failure. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electrical femoral nerve stimulation (PNS) were delivered ∼ 2 s apart during 50% MVC, during MVC and after MVC in relaxed muscle. Voluntary activation was assessed by TMS (VATMS) immediately before and after exercise and then three times over a 6 min recovery period. During exercise, MVC and twitch force evoked by PNS in relaxed muscle decreased progressively to 48 ± 8 and 36 ± 16% of control values, respectively (both P < 0.01). Significant changes in voluntary activation assessed by PNS and twitch evoked by TMS during MVC were observed during the last quarter of exercise only (from 96.4 ± 1.7 to 86 ± 13%, P = 0.03 and from 0.76 ± 0.8 to 4.9 ± 4.7% MVC, P = 0.02, from baseline to task failure, respectively). The TMS-induced silent period increased linearly during both MVC (by ∼ 79 ms) and 50% MVC (by ∼ 63 ms; both P < 0.01). Motor-evoked potential amplitude did not change during the protocol at any force levels. Both silent period and VATMS recovered within 2 min postexercise, whereas MVC and twitch force evoked by PNS in relaxed muscle recovered to only 84 ± 9 and 73 ± 17% of control values 6 min after exercise, respectively. In conclusion, high-intensity single-joint quadriceps exercise induces supraspinal fatigue near task failure, with increased intracortical inhibition and, in contrast to previous upper-limb results, unchanged corticospinal excitability. These changes recover rapidly after task failure, emphasizing the need to measure corticospinal adaptations immediately at task failure to avoid underestimation of exercise-induced corticospinal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gruet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France INSERM, U1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Education, Sport, Santé, Université de Toulon, France
| | - John Temesi
- Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France INSERM, U1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Levy
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France INSERM, U1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France INSERM, U1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- INSERM, U1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Maufrais C, Millet G, Schuster I, Rupp T, Nottin S. 0108: Specific alterations in cardiac function induced by a 300km mountain ultra-marathon. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(14)71466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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