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Koay HF, Su S, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Daley SR, Comerford I, Miosge L, Whyte CE, Konstantinov IE, d'Udekem Y, Baldwin T, Hickey PF, Berzins SP, Mak JYW, Sontani Y, Roots CM, Sidwell T, Kallies A, Chen Z, Nüssing S, Kedzierska K, Mackay LK, McColl SR, Deenick EK, Fairlie DP, McCluskey J, Goodnow CC, Ritchie ME, Belz GT, Naik SH, Pellicci DG, Godfrey DI. A divergent transcriptional landscape underpins the development and functional branching of MAIT cells. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaay6039. [PMID: 31757835 PMCID: PMC10627559 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play a unique role in the immune system. These cells develop intrathymically through a three-stage process, but the events that regulate this are largely unknown. Here, using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis in mice and humans, we studied the changing transcriptional landscape that accompanies transition through each stage. Many transcripts were sharply modulated during MAIT cell development, including SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule) family members, chemokine receptors, and transcription factors. We also demonstrate that stage 3 "mature" MAIT cells comprise distinct subpopulations including newly arrived transitional stage 3 cells, interferon-γ-producing MAIT1 cells and interleukin-17-producing MAIT17 cells. Moreover, the validity and importance of several transcripts detected in this study are directly demonstrated using specific mutant mice. For example, MAIT cell intrathymic maturation was found to be halted in SLAM-associated protein (SAP)-deficient and CXCR6-deficient mouse models, providing clear evidence for their role in modulating MAIT cell development. These data underpin a model that maps the changing transcriptional landscape and identifies key factors that regulate the process of MAIT cell differentiation, with many parallels between mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-F Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - S Su
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - D Amann-Zalcenstein
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S R Daley
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - I Comerford
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - L Miosge
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - C E Whyte
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - I E Konstantinov
- Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Children's Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Y d'Udekem
- Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Children's Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - T Baldwin
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P F Hickey
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - S P Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
| | - J Y W Mak
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Y Sontani
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - C M Roots
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - T Sidwell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - A Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - S Nüssing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - K Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - L K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - S R McColl
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - E K Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - D P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - J McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - C C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - M E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G T Belz
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S H Naik
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - D I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Schaenman JM, Rossetti M, Sidwell T, Groysberg V, Sunga G, Liang E, Vangala S, Chang E, Bakir M, Bondar G, Cadeiras M, Kwon M, Reed EF, Deng M. Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines and monocyte subtypes in older and younger patients on clinical outcomes after mechanical circulatory support device implantation. Hum Immunol 2018; 80:126-134. [PMID: 30445099 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive immunologic analysis of peripheral blood holds promise for explaining the mechanism of development of adverse clinical outcomes, and may also become a method for patient risk stratification before or after mechanical circulatory support device (MCSD) implantation. Dysregulation of the innate immune system is associated with increased patient age but has yet to be evaluated in the older patient with advanced heart failure undergoing MCSD surgery. Patients pre- and post-MCSD implantation had peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum isolated. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to analyze markers of innate cell function, including monocyte subtypes. Multiplex cytokine analysis was performed. MELD-XI and SOFA scores were utilized as surrogate markers of outcomes. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-15, TNF-α, and IL-10 were associated with increased MELD-XI and SOFA scores. IL-8, TNF- α, and IL-10 were associated with risk of death after MCSD implantation, even with correction for patient age. Increased frequency of 'classical' monocytes (CD14 + CD16-) were associated with increased MELD-XI and SOFA scores. This suggests that inflammation and innate immune system activation contribute to progression to multiorgan system failure and death after MCSD surgery. Development of noninvasive monitoring of peripheral blood holds promise for biomarker development for candidate selection and patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tiffany Sidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Victoria Groysberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Gemalene Sunga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Emily Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- UCLA Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Eleanor Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Maral Bakir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Galyna Bondar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Martin Cadeiras
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Murray Kwon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Mario Deng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Schaenman JM, Rossetti M, Korin Y, Sidwell T, Groysberg V, Liang E, Vangala S, Wisniewski N, Chang E, Bakir M, Bondar G, Cadeiras M, Kwon M, Reed EF, Deng M. T cell dysfunction and patient age are associated with poor outcomes after mechanical circulatory support device implantation. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:203-212. [PMID: 29409843 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunologic impairment may contribute to poor outcomes after implantation of mechanical circulatory support device (MCSD), with infection often as a terminal event. The study of immune dysfunction is of special relevance given the growing numbers of older patients with heart disease. The aim of the study was to define which immunologic characteristics are associated with development of adverse clinical outcomes after MCSD implantation. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients pre- and up to 20 days post-MCSD implantation and analyzed them by multiparameter flow cytometry for T cell dysfunction, including terminal differentiation, exhaustion, and senescence. We used MELD-XI and SOFA scores measured at each time point as surrogate markers of clinical outcome. Older patients demonstrated increased frequencies of terminally differentiated T cells as well as NKT cells. Increased frequency of terminally differentiated and immune senescent T cells were associated with worse clinical outcome as measured by MELD-XI and SOFA scores, and with progression to infection and death. In conclusion, our data suggest that T cell dysfunction, independently from age, is associated with poor outcomes after MCSD implantation, providing a potential immunologic mechanism behind patient vulnerability to multiorgan dysfunction and death. This noninvasive approach to PBMC evaluation holds promise for candidate evaluation and patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yael Korin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tiffany Sidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Victoria Groysberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Emily Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- UCLA Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Nicholas Wisniewski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Eleanor Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Maral Bakir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Galyna Bondar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Martin Cadeiras
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Murray Kwon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Mario Deng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Schaenman J, Korin Y, Sidwell T, Kandarian F, Harre N, Gjertson D, Lum E, Reddy U, Huang E, Pham P, Bunnapradist S, Danovitch G, Veale J, Gritsch H, Reed E. Increased Frequency of BK Virus-Specific Polyfunctional CD8+ T Cells Predict Successful Control of BK Viremia After Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 101:1479-1487. [PMID: 27391197 PMCID: PMC5219876 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK virus infection remains an important cause of loss of allograft function after kidney transplantation. We sought to determine whether polyfunctional T cells secreting multiple cytokines simultaneously, which have been shown to be associated with viral control, could be detected early after start of BK viremia, which would provide insight into the mechanism of successful antiviral control. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected during episodes of BK viral replication were evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry after stimulation by overlapping peptide pools of BK virus antigen to determine frequency of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressing 1 or more cytokines simultaneously, as well as markers of T-cell activation, exhaustion, and maturation. RESULTS BK virus controllers, defined as those with episodes of BK viremia of 3 months or less, had an 11-fold increase in frequency of CD8+ polyfunctional T cells expressing multiple cytokines, as compared with patients with prolonged episodes of BK viremia. Patients with only low level BK viremia expressed low frequencies of polyfunctional T cells. Polyfunctional T cells were predominantly of the effector memory maturation subtype and expressed the cytotoxicity marker CD107a. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive techniques for immune assessment of peripheral blood can provide insight into the mechanism of control of BK virus replication and may allow for future patient risk stratification and customization of immune suppression at the onset of BK viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Y. Korin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - T. Sidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - F. Kandarian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - N. Harre
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E. Lum
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - U. Reddy
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E. Huang
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P.T. Pham
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S. Bunnapradist
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G. Danovitch
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. Veale
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - H.A. Gritsch
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E.F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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