1
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Iverson KR, Garringer K, Ahearn O, Alidina S, Citron I, Esseye S, Teshome A, Mukhopadhyay S, Burssa D, Mengistu A, Ashengo T, Meara JG, Barash D, Drown L, Kuchuckhidze S, Reynolds C, Joshua B, Barringer E, Skeels A, Shrime MG, Gultie T, Sharma S, Geiger J. Mixed-methods assessment of surgical capacity in two regions in Ethiopia. Br J Surg 2019; 106:e81-e90. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Surgery is among the most neglected parts of healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries. Ethiopia has launched a national strategic plan to address challenges in the surgical system. This study aimed to assess surgical capacity in two Ethiopian regions to inform priority areas for improvement.
Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted using two tools adapted from the Lancet Commission's Surgical Assessment Tools: a quantitative Hospital Assessment Tool and a qualitative semistructured interview tool. Fifteen hospitals selected by the Federal Ministry of Health were surveyed in the Tigray and Amhara regions to assess the surgical system across five domains: service delivery, infrastructure, workforce, information management and financing.
Results
Service delivery was low across hospitals with a mean(s.d.) of 5(6) surgical cases per week and a narrow range of procedures performed. Hospitals reported varying availability of basic infrastructure, including constant availability of electricity (9 of 15) and running water (5 of 15). Unavailable or broken diagnostic equipment was also common. The majority of surgical and anaesthesia services were provided by non-physician clinicians, with little continuing education available. All hospitals tracked patient-level data regularly and eight of 15 hospitals reported surgical volume data during the assessment, but research activities were limited. Hospital financing specified for surgery was rare and the majority of patients must pay out of pocket for care.
Conclusion
Results from this study will inform programmes to simultaneously improve each of the health system domains in Ethiopia; this is required if better access to and quality of surgery, anaesthesia and obstetric services are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Iverson
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - K Garringer
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - O Ahearn
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Alidina
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - I Citron
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Esseye
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Jhpiego, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Teshome
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, East Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - D Burssa
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - J G Meara
- Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Barash
- GE Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Drown
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - C Reynolds
- Assist International, Ripon, California, USA
| | - B Joshua
- Assist International, Ripon, California, USA
| | | | - A Skeels
- Jhpiego, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M G Shrime
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - S Sharma
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Geiger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Iverson K, Citron I, Burssa D, Teshome A, Ahearn O, Ashengo T, Barash D, Barringer E, Garringer K, McKitrick V, Meara JG, Mengistu A, Mukhopadhyay S, Reynolds C, Shrime MG, Varghese A, Esseye S, Bekele A. Authors' Reply: Safe Surgery for All: Early Lessons from Implementing a National Government-Driven Surgical Plan in Ethiopia. World J Surg 2018; 42:3814-3815. [PMID: 29556877 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Iverson
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Isabelle Citron
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Burssa
- State Minister's Office, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Olivia Ahearn
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kaya Garringer
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John G Meara
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Swagoto Mukhopadhyay
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Mark G Shrime
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asha Varghese
- Dalberg Global Development Advisors, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Haider A, Scott JW, Gause CD, Meheš M, Hsiung G, Prelvukaj A, Yanocha D, Baumann LM, Ahmed F, Ahmed N, Anderson S, Angate H, Arfaa L, Asbun H, Ashengo T, Asuman K, Ayala R, Bickler S, Billingsley S, Bird P, Botman M, Butler M, Buyske J, Capozzi A, Casey K, Clayton C, Cobey J, Cotton M, Deckelbaum D, Derbew M, deVries C, Dillner J, Downham M, Draisin N, Echinard D, Elneil S, ElSayed A, Estelle A, Finley A, Frenkel E, Frykman PK, Gheorghe F, Gore-Booth J, Henker R, Henry J, Henry O, Hoemeke L, Hoffman D, Ibanga I, Jackson EV, Jani P, Johnson W, Jones A, Kassem Z, Kisembo A, Kocan A, Krishnaswami S, Lane R, Latif A, Levy B, Linos D, Linz P, Listwa LA, Magee D, Makasa E, Marin ML, Martin C, McQueen K, Morgan J, Moser R, Neighbor R, Novick WM, Ogendo S, Omigbodun A, Onajin-Obembe B, Parsan N, Philip BK, Price R, Rasheed S, Ratel M, Reynolds C, Roser SM, Rowles J, Samad L, Sampson J, Sanghvi H, Sellers ML, Sigalet D, Steffes BC, Stieber E, Swaroop M, Tarpley J, Varghese A, Varughese J, Wagner R, Warf B, Wetzig N, Williamson S, Wood J, Zeidan A, Zirkle L, Allen B, Abdullah F. Development of a Unifying Target and Consensus Indicators for Global Surgical Systems Strengthening: Proposed by the Global Alliance for Surgery, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care (The G4 Alliance). World J Surg 2018; 41:2426-2434. [PMID: 28508237 PMCID: PMC5596034 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
After decades on the margins of primary health care, surgical and anaesthesia care is gaining increasing priority within the global development arena. The 2015 publications of the Disease Control Priorities third edition on Essential Surgery and the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery created a compelling evidenced-based argument for the fundamental role of surgery and anaesthesia within cost-effective health systems strengthening global strategy. The launch of the Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care in 2015 has further coordinated efforts to build priority for surgical care and anaesthesia. These combined efforts culminated in the approval of a World Health Assembly resolution recognizing the role of surgical care and anaesthesia as part of universal health coverage. Momentum gained from these milestones highlights the need to identify consensus goals, targets and indicators to guide policy implementation and track progress at the national level. Through an open consultative process that incorporated input from stakeholders from around the globe, a global target calling for safe surgical and anaesthesia care for 80% of the world by 2030 was proposed. In order to achieve this target, we also propose 15 consensus indicators that build on existing surgical systems metrics and expand the ability to prioritize surgical systems strengthening around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Haider
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John W Scott
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin D Gause
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave, Box 63, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mira Meheš
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Hsiung
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave, Box 63, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Albulena Prelvukaj
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Yanocha
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Baumann
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave, Box 63, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | - Herve Angate
- The Pan African Association of Surgeons, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa Arfaa
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Horacio Asbun
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tigistu Ashengo
- St. Paul Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Jhpiego, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kisembo Asuman
- African Agency for Integrated Development, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Stephen Bickler
- Alliance for Surgery and Anaesthesia Presence, Lupsingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Bird
- AIC Kijabe Hospital, Kijabe County, Kenya
| | - Matthijs Botman
- Netherlands Society for International Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jo Buyske
- American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Casey
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - James Cobey
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Cotton
- International Collaboration for Essential Surgery, Angwin, CA, USA
| | - Dan Deckelbaum
- Centre for Global Surgery, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miliard Derbew
- The College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Catherine deVries
- University of Utah Center for Global Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Max Downham
- International College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip K Frykman
- Global Pediatric Surgical Technology and Education Project, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Henker
- American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Jaymie Henry
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Iko Ibanga
- Pro-Health International, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Jani
- The College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Walter Johnson
- WHO Global Initiative for Emergency and Essential Surgical Care, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Asuman Kisembo
- African Agency for Integrated Development, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abbey Kocan
- Kupona Foundation, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay Krishnaswami
- World Journal of Surgery, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert Lane
- International Federation of Surgical Colleges, Bogis-Bossey, Switzerland
| | - Asad Latif
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Levy
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Linos
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health - Prolepsis, Attica, Greece
- National and Kapodistrian University, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Declan Magee
- Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmanuel Makasa
- Permanent Mission of the Republic of Zambia to the United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kelly McQueen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - William M Novick
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- William Novick Global Cardiac Alliance, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Ogendo
- The College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Neil Parsan
- Organization of American States, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Raymond Price
- University of Utah Center for Global Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shahnawaz Rasheed
- The Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Steven M Roser
- International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jackie Rowles
- International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists, Sursee, Switzerland
| | | | - John Sampson
- Global Surgery Initiative, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - David Sigalet
- World Federation of Associations of Pediatric Surgeons, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Mamta Swaroop
- Association for Academic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Tarpley
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Zeidan
- 2nd Chance Association Reconstructive Surgery for Life Reconstruction, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - Brendan Allen
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fizan Abdullah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave, Box 63, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Burssa D, Teshome A, Iverson K, Ahearn O, Ashengo T, Barash D, Barringer E, Citron I, Garringer K, McKitrick V, Meara J, Mengistu A, Mukhopadhyay S, Reynolds C, Shrime M, Varghese A, Esseye S, Bekele A. Safe Surgery for All: Early Lessons from Implementing a National Government-Driven Surgical Plan in Ethiopia. World J Surg 2018; 41:3038-3045. [PMID: 29030677 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing the unmet need for surgical care in Ethiopia, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) has pioneered innovative methodologies for surgical system development with Saving Lives through Safe Surgery (SaLTS). SaLTS is a national flagship initiative designed to improve access to safe, essential and emergency surgical and anaesthesia care across all levels of the healthcare system. Sustained commitment from the FMOH and their recruitment of implementing partners has led to notable accomplishments across the breadth of the surgical system, including but not limited to: (1) Leadership, management and governance-a nationally scaled surgical leadership and mentorship programme, (2) Infrastructure-operating room construction and oxygen delivery plan, (3) Supplies and logistics-a national essential surgical procedure and equipment list, (4) Human resource development-a Surgical Workforce Expansion Plan and Anaesthesia National Roadmap, (5) Advocacy and partnership-strong FMOH partnership with international organizations, including GE Foundation's SafeSurgery2020 initiative, (6) Innovation-facility-driven identification of problems and solutions, (7) Quality of surgical and anaesthesia care service delivery-a national peri-operative guideline and WHO Surgical Safety Checklist implementation, and (8) Monitoring and evaluation-a comprehensive plan for short-term and long-term assessment of surgical quality and capacity. As Ethiopia progresses with its commitment to prioritize surgery within its Health Sector Transformation Plan, disseminating the process and outcomes of the SaLTS initiative will inform other countries on successful national implementation strategies. The following article describes the process by which the Ethiopian FMOH established surgical system reform and the preliminary results of implementation across these eight pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Burssa
- State Minister's Office, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Katherine Iverson
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave. #411, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Olivia Ahearn
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave. #411, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Citron
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave. #411, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kaya Garringer
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave. #411, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - John Meara
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave. #411, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Swagoto Mukhopadhyay
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave. #411, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Mark Shrime
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave. #411, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asha Varghese
- Dalberg Global Development Advisors, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Abebe Bekele
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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5
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Ashengo T, Skeels A, Hurwitz EJH, Thuo E, Sanghvi H. Bridging the human resource gap in surgical and anesthesia care in low-resource countries: a review of the task sharing literature. Hum Resour Health 2017; 15:77. [PMID: 29115962 PMCID: PMC5688799 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-017-0248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Task sharing, the involvement of non-specialists (non-physician clinicians or non-specialist physicians) in performing tasks originally reserved for surgeons and anesthesiologists, can be a potent strategy in bridging the vast human resource gap in surgery and anesthesia and bringing needed surgical care to the district level especially in low-resource countries. Although a common practice, the idea of assigning advanced tasks to less-specialized workers remains a subject of controversy. In order to optimize its benefits, it is helpful to understand the current task sharing landscape, its challenges, and its promise. We performed a literature review of PubMed, EMBASE, and gray literature sources for articles published between January 1, 1996, and August 1, 2016, written in English, with a focus on task sharing in surgery or anesthesia in low-resource countries. Gray literature sources are defined as articles produced outside of a peer-reviewed journal. We sought data on the nature and forms of task sharing (non-specialist cadres involved, surgical/anesthesia procedures shared, approaches to training and supervision, and regulatory and other efforts to create a supportive environment), impact of task sharing on delivery of surgical services (effect on access, acceptability, cost, safety, and quality), and challenges to successful implementation. We identified 40 published articles describing task sharing in surgery and anesthesia in 39 low-resource countries in Africa and Asia. All countries had a cadre of non-specialists providing anesthesia services, while 13 had cadres providing surgical services. Six countries had non-specialists performing major procedures, including Cesarean sections and open abdominal surgeries. While most cadres were recognized by their governments as service providers, very few had scopes of practice that included task sharing of surgery or anesthesia. Key challenges to effective task sharing include specialists' concern about safety, weak training strategies, poor or unclear career pathways, regulatory constraints, and service underutilization. Concrete recommendations are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigistu Ashengo
- Jhpiego, 1615 Thames Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- St. Paul Medical College, Gulele Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alena Skeels
- Jhpiego, 1615 Thames Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | | | - Eric Thuo
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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6
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Haider A, Scott JW, Gause CD, Meheš M, Hsiung G, Prelvukaj A, Yanocha D, Baumann LM, Ahmed F, Ahmed N, Anderson S, Angate H, Arfaa L, Asbun H, Ashengo T, Asuman K, Ayala R, Bickler S, Billingsley S, Bird P, Botman M, Butler M, Buyske J, Capozzi A, Casey K, Clayton C, Cobey J, Cotton M, Deckelbaum D, Derbew M, deVries C, Dillner J, Downham M, Draisin N, Echinard D, Elneil S, ElSayed A, Estelle A, Finley A, Frenkel E, Frykman PK, Gheorghe F, Gore-Booth J, Henker R, Henry J, Henry O, Hoemeke L, Hoffman D, Ibanga I, Jackson EV, Jani P, Johnson W, Jones A, Kassem Z, Kisembo A, Kocan A, Krishnaswami S, Lane R, Latif A, Levy B, Linos D, Linz P, Listwa LA, Magee D, Makasa E, Marin ML, Martin C, McQueen K, Morgan J, Moser R, Neighbor R, Novick WM, Ogendo S, Omigbodun A, Onajin-Obembe B, Parsan N, Philip BK, Price R, Rasheed S, Ratel M, Reynolds C, Roser SM, Rowles J, Samad L, Sampson J, Sanghvi H, Sellers ML, Sigalet D, Steffes BC, Stieber E, Swaroop M, Tarpley J, Varghese A, Varughese J, Wagner R, Warf B, Wetzig N, Williamson S, Wood J, Zeidan A, Zirkle L, Allen B, Abdullah F. Erratum to: Development of a Unifying Target and Consensus Indicators for Global Surgical Systems Strengthening: Proposed by the Global Alliance for Surgery, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care (The G4 Alliance). World J Surg 2017. [PMID: 28642965 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Haider
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John W Scott
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin D Gause
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave, Box 63, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mira Meheš
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Hsiung
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave, Box 63, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Albulena Prelvukaj
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Yanocha
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Baumann
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave, Box 63, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | - Herve Angate
- The Pan African Association of Surgeons, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa Arfaa
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Horacio Asbun
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tigistu Ashengo
- St. Paul Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Jhpiego, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kisembo Asuman
- African Agency for Integrated Development, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Stephen Bickler
- Alliance for Surgery and Anaesthesia Presence, Lupsingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Bird
- AIC Kijabe Hospital, Kijabe County, Kenya
| | - Matthijs Botman
- Netherlands Society for International Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jo Buyske
- American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Casey
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - James Cobey
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA.,Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Cotton
- International Collaboration for Essential Surgery, Angwin, CA, USA
| | - Dan Deckelbaum
- Centre for Global Surgery, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miliard Derbew
- The College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Catherine deVries
- University of Utah Center for Global Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Max Downham
- International College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip K Frykman
- Global Pediatric Surgical Technology and Education Project, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Henker
- American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Jaymie Henry
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Iko Ibanga
- Pro-Health International, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Jani
- The College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Walter Johnson
- WHO Global Initiative for Emergency and Essential Surgical Care, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Asuman Kisembo
- African Agency for Integrated Development, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abbey Kocan
- Kupona Foundation, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay Krishnaswami
- World Journal of Surgery, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert Lane
- International Federation of Surgical Colleges, Bogis-Bossey, Switzerland
| | - Asad Latif
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Levy
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Linos
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health - Prolepsis, Attica, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Declan Magee
- Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmanuel Makasa
- Permanent Mission of the Republic of Zambia to the United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kelly McQueen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - William M Novick
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,William Novick Global Cardiac Alliance, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Ogendo
- The College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Neil Parsan
- Organization of American States, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Raymond Price
- University of Utah Center for Global Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shahnawaz Rasheed
- The Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Steven M Roser
- International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jackie Rowles
- International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists, Sursee, Switzerland
| | | | - John Sampson
- Global Surgery Initiative, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - David Sigalet
- World Federation of Associations of Pediatric Surgeons, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Mamta Swaroop
- Association for Academic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Tarpley
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Zeidan
- 2nd Chance Association Reconstructive Surgery for Life Reconstruction, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - Brendan Allen
- The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fizan Abdullah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave, Box 63, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,The Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care, New York, NY, USA.
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