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Hill J, Carr T, Ambrose C, Martin N, Ponnarambil S, Lindsley A, Martin N. EFFICACY OF TEZEPELUMAB IN HISPANIC OR LATINO PATIENTS WITH SEVERE, UNCONTROLLED ASTHMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dawam D, Motiwala H, Abdalazeez M, Pavlakis P, Massanova M, Casey R, Dimopoulos P, Kampantais S, Carr T, Dooldeniya M, Hegarty H. A UK urological cancer centre cystectomy service - What lessons can we learn? EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Chung Y, Carr T, Ambrose C, Lindsley A, Collacott H, Schulz A, Desai P, Rane P, Williams M. PATIENT AND CLINICIAN PREFERENCES WITH BIOLOGIC TREATMENTS FOR SEVERE ASTHMA: A DISCRETE CHOICE EXPERIMENT. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Eremija J, Domit NO, Carr T. SARS-COV-2 INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH NEW SEVERE HYPEREOSINOPHILIA AND MULTIPLE ORGAN DAMAGE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9646432 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Odell I, Steach H, Gauld S, Carr T, Wetter J, Phillips L, Hinchcliff M, Flavell R. 045 An EGFR ligand maintains scleroderma skin and lung fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Grushecky ST, Zinkhan FC, Strager MP, Carr T. Energy production and well site disturbance from conventional and unconventional natural gas development in West Virginia. Energy Ecol Environ 2022; 7:358-368. [PMID: 35402696 PMCID: PMC8976533 DOI: 10.1007/s40974-022-00246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural gas production from the Appalachian region has reached record levels, primarily due to the rapid increase in development of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) resources. In 2020, over 65,000 conventional wells reported natural gas production; however, this only represented 5% of the total natural gas produced. The remaining 95% of natural gas production can be attributed to 3,901 UOG wells. There has been a wide body of research on disturbance trends related to unconventional development in the region; however, there is limited characterization of disturbance related to production of conventional oil and gas (COG) or research that details energy production in relation to land disturbance. This study compares land disturbance from COG and UOG development as well as energy production. Land disturbance related to COG and UOG development was assessed for wells drilled during 2009-2012. Production data were summarized for the same wells during the period of 2009-2020. The average area disturbed for COG pads was 0.82 ha while UOG pads disturbed 4.02 ha. Results from this study showed that COG wells disturbed significantly less land area during construction; however, UOG wells produced almost 28 times more energy per hectare of land disturbed. This energy production imbalance as well as the over 65,000 COG wells reporting production in 2020, indicates that the retirement and restoration of COG infrastructure could be done without significantly impacting total energy production. Continued research that includes ecosystem services and carbon sequestration opportunities in relation to production losses from retiring existing infrastructure should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn T. Grushecky
- Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, Natural Resources Analysis Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125 USA
| | | | - Michael P. Strager
- Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, Natural Resources Analysis Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125 USA
| | - Timothy Carr
- Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125 USA
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Srinivasan S, O'Malley D, Mudunuru MK, Sweeney MR, Hyman JD, Karra S, Frash L, Carey JW, Gross MR, Guthrie GD, Carr T, Li L, Viswanathan HS. A machine learning framework for rapid forecasting and history matching in unconventional reservoirs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21730. [PMID: 34741046 PMCID: PMC8571309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel workflow for forecasting production in unconventional reservoirs using reduced-order models and machine-learning. Our physics-informed machine-learning workflow addresses the challenges to real-time reservoir management in unconventionals, namely the lack of data (i.e., the time-frame for which the wells have been producing), and the significant computational expense of high-fidelity modeling. We do this by applying the machine-learning paradigm of transfer learning, where we combine fast, but less accurate reduced-order models with slow, but accurate high-fidelity models. We use the Patzek model (Proc Natl Acad Sci 11:19731–19736, 10.1073/pnas.1313380110, 2013) as the reduced-order model to generate synthetic production data and supplement this data with synthetic production data obtained from high-fidelity discrete fracture network simulations of the site of interest. Our results demonstrate that training with low-fidelity models is not sufficient for accurate forecasting, but transfer learning is able to augment the knowledge and perform well once trained with the small set of results from the high-fidelity model. Such a physics-informed machine-learning (PIML) workflow, grounded in physics, is a viable candidate for real-time history matching and production forecasting in a fractured shale gas reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maruti K Mudunuru
- Watershed & Ecosystem Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | | | | | - Satish Karra
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Luke Frash
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Carr
- Department of Geology & Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Liwei Li
- Department of Geology & Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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Adjei M, Saliba A, Carr T, Hardie W, Heymann H. Relative preference mapping (RPM) – A novel approach for simultaneous 2D relative scoring of difference and liking to identify consumer preference for innovative wine styles. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chinthrajah R, Carr T, Griffin N, Vereda A, Smith A, Vickery B. P306 IDENTIFYING AR101-ELIGIBLE PATIENTS WITHOUT AN ORAL FOOD CHALLENGE: PALISADE PEANUT-SPECIFIC IGE VERSUS FOOD CHALLENGE DATA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Patel S, Odisho N, Carr T. M291 MBL DEFICIENCY CONFIRMED BY GENE SEQUENCING. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alkatib R, Carr T. TO THE HEART OF THE MATTER: LARGE PERICARDIAL EFFUSION CAUSING SEVERE FACIAL ANGIOEDEMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tongchinsub P, Carr T. P234 Combination omalizumab and mepolizumab therapy for poorly-controlled severe persistent asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee S, Liyanage S, Wulaningsih W, Wolfe K, Carr T, Younis C, Van Hemelrijck M, Popert R, Acher P. Towards a magnetic resonance imaging-based nomogram for the prediction of transperineal prostate biopsy outcome. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cartner T, Brand N, Tian K, Saud A, Carr T, Stapleton P, Lane ME, Rawlings AV. Effect of different alcohols on stratum corneum kallikrein 5 and phospholipase A 2 together with epidermal keratinocytes and skin irritation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:188-196. [PMID: 27578266 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the effect of ethanol, isopropanol and n-propanol on stratum corneum (SC) enzymes and keratinocytes in vitro together with their effects on skin condition and function. METHODS Activities of kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) as well as keratinocyte metabolic activity, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in vitro in the presence and absence of the different alcohols. We also measured transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance, visual dryness and visual redness on the volar forearms of 25 Caucasian women following application of the alcohols 20 and 100 times per day over a period of 14 days in a clinical study. RESULTS Reduced activities of KLK5 and PLA2 were observed in the presence of the alcohols. The greatest denaturing effect was always observed for n-propanol (P < 0.001), and in the case of PLA2, the effect of isopropanol was greater than ethanol (P < 0.001). Equally, ethanol had the mildest effects on keratinocyte metabolic activity and cytokine secretion (P < 0.001) and n-propanol always produced the most severe changes in normal and differentiated keratinocytes. These in vitro findings supported the clinical results where the major effects were on the induction of skin irritation (increased dropout rates) and ranked the intolerance of the different alcohols as follows: n-propanol > isopropanol > ethanol. At the high application frequencies, the effect of the different alcohols on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance was similar, but at the low application frequencies, n-propanol had a significant effect on TEWL and capacitance values (P < 0.05). Equally, n-propanol and isopropanol produced significantly more skin redness at the low application frequencies. CONCLUSIONS Clearly, isopropanol and n-propanol caused significant SC and keratinocyte perturbation in vitro together with damage to skin condition and function in vivo whereas ethanol did not. As a result, we show that ethanol-based sanitizers are better tolerated by skin, particularly in high-use settings, than other alcohols and should be the active ingredient of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cartner
- GOJO Industries, Inc, PO Box 991, Akron, OH, 44309-0991, USA
| | - N Brand
- School of Pharmacy, UCL, London, UK
| | - K Tian
- GOJO Industries, Inc, PO Box 991, Akron, OH, 44309-0991, USA
| | - A Saud
- GOJO Industries, Inc, PO Box 991, Akron, OH, 44309-0991, USA
| | - T Carr
- Carr Consulting, Wilmette, IL, USA
| | | | - M E Lane
- School of Pharmacy, UCL, London, UK
| | - A V Rawlings
- School of Pharmacy, UCL, London, UK.,AVR Consulting Ltd., 26 Shavington way, Northwich, UK
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Rida Z, Carr T, Kohnke C, Albrecht J. School Food Environment the Frontline for Childhood Obesity Prevention - A Mixed-Methods Study of Nutritional Competencies and Skills of School Nutrition Professionals in Nebraska. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim J, Okla M, Erickson A, Carr T, Natarajan SK, Chung S. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Potentiates Brown Thermogenesis through FFAR4-dependent Up-regulation of miR-30b and miR-378. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20551-62. [PMID: 27489163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) promote brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we hypothesize that n-3 PUFA promotes brown adipogenesis by modulating miRNAs. To test this hypothesis, murine brown preadipocytes were induced to differentiate the fatty acids of palmitic, oleate, or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The increases of brown-specific signature genes and oxygen consumption rate by EPA were concurrent with up-regulation of miR-30b and 378 but not by oleate or palmitic acid. Next, we hypothesize that free fatty acid receptor 4 (Ffar4), a functional receptor for n-3 PUFA, modulates miR-30b and 378. Treatment of Ffar4 agonist (GW9508) recapitulated the thermogenic activation of EPA by increasing oxygen consumption rate, brown-specific marker genes, and miR-30b and 378, which were abrogated in Ffar4-silenced cells. Intriguingly, addition of the miR-30b mimic was unable to restore EPA-induced Ucp1 expression in Ffar4-depleted cells, implicating that Ffar4 signaling activity is required for up-regulating the brown adipogenic program. Moreover, blockage of miR-30b or 378 by locked nucleic acid inhibitors significantly attenuated Ffar4 as well as brown-specific signature gene expression, suggesting the signaling interplay between Ffar4 and miR-30b/378. The association between miR-30b/378 and brown thermogenesis was also confirmed in fish oil-fed C57/BL6 mice. Interestingly, the Ffar4 agonism-mediated signaling axis of Ffar4-miR-30b/378-Ucp1 was linked with an elevation of cAMP in brown adipocytes, similar to cold-exposed or fish oil-fed brown fat. Taken together, our work identifies a novel function of Ffar4 in modulating brown adipogenesis partly through a mechanism involving cAMP activation and up-regulation of miR-30b and miR-378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Meshail Okla
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Anjeza Erickson
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Timothy Carr
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
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MacAskill F, Eldred-Evans D, Popert R, Carr T, Van Hemelrijck M, Wolfe K, Liyanage S. The diagnostic value of MRI-based PSA density to predict the outcome of primary transperineal sector-guided prostate biopsy. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Okla M, Wang W, Kang I, Pashaj A, Carr T, Chung S. Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) attenuates adaptive thermogenesis via endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26476-90. [PMID: 26370079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.677724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is the cellular process transforming chemical energy into heat in response to cold. A decrease in adaptive thermogenesis is a contributing factor to obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the compromised adaptive thermogenesis in obese subjects have not yet been elucidated. In this study we hypothesized that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation and subsequent inflammatory responses are key regulators to suppress adaptive thermogenesis. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were either fed a palmitate-enriched high fat diet or administered with chronic low-dose LPS before cold acclimation. TLR4 stimulation by a high fat diet or LPS were both associated with reduced core body temperature and heat release. Impairment of thermogenic activation was correlated with diminished expression of brown-specific markers and mitochondrial dysfunction in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Defective sWAT browning was concomitant with elevated levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Consistently, TLR4 activation by LPS abolished cAMP-induced up-regulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in primary human adipocytes, which was reversed by silencing of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, the inactivation of ER stress by genetic deletion of CHOP or chemical chaperone conferred a resistance to the LPS-induced suppression of adaptive thermogenesis. Collectively, our data indicate the existence of a novel signaling network that links TLR4 activation, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby antagonizing thermogenic activation of sWAT. Our results also suggest that TLR4/ER stress axis activation may be a responsible mechanism for obesity-mediated defective brown adipose tissue activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshail Okla
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Wei Wang
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Inhae Kang
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Anjeza Pashaj
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Timothy Carr
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
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Kang I, Carr T, Chung S. Ellagic Acid Supplementation Attenuates Sucrose‐Induced Obesity and Metabolic Complication in C57BL/6 mice. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.402.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inhae Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUnited States
| | - Timothy Carr
- Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUnited States
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUnited States
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Holm LP, Hawkins I, Robin C, Newton RJ, Jepson R, Stanzani G, McMahon LA, Pesavento P, Carr T, Cogan T, Couto CG, Cianciolo R, Walker DJ. Cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy as a cause of acute kidney injury in dogs in the UK. Vet Rec 2015; 176:384. [PMID: 25802439 PMCID: PMC4413843 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To describe the signalment, clinicopathological findings and outcome in dogs presenting with acute kidney injury (AKI) and skin lesions between November 2012 and March 2014, in whom cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) was suspected and renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was histopathologically confirmed. The medical records of dogs with skin lesions and AKI, with histopathologically confirmed renal TMA, were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty dogs from across the UK were identified with clinicopathological findings compatible with CRGV. These findings included the following: skin lesions, predominantly affecting the distal extremities; AKI; and variably, anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and hyperbilirubinaemia. Known causes of AKI were excluded. The major renal histopathological finding was TMA. All thirty dogs died or were euthanised. Shiga toxin was not identified in the kidneys of affected dogs. Escherichia coli genes encoding shiga toxin were not identified in faeces from affected dogs. CRGV has previously been reported in greyhounds in the USA, a greyhound in the UK, without renal involvement, and a Great Dane in Germany. This is the first report of a series of non-greyhound dogs with CRGV and AKI in the UK. CRGV is a disease of unknown aetiology carrying a poor prognosis when azotaemia develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Holm
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire SO21 2LL, UK
| | - I Hawkins
- Bridge Pathology, Horner Court, 637 Gloucester Road, Horfield, Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - C Robin
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - R J Newton
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - R Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - G Stanzani
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - L A McMahon
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire SO21 2LL, UK
| | - P Pesavento
- Department of PMI, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 4206 VM3A, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T Carr
- Martin and Carr, The Old Well, Station Road, Pershore, Worcestershire WR10 2DB, UK
| | - T Cogan
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - C G Couto
- Couto Veterinary Consultants, Hilliard, Ohio 43026, USA
| | - R Cianciolo
- International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 301 Goss Laboratory, 1925 Coffey Rd, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D J Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire SO21 2LL, UK
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Varnold K, Calkins C, Nuttelmann B, Senaratne-Lenagala L, Stevenson J, Semler M, Chao M, Carr T, Erickson G. Background grazing, supplementation, finishing diet and aging affect biochemical constituents of beef bottom round steaks. Meat Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hiwase D, Kutyna M, Carr T, Harrison P, Melo J, Bardy P, To L. P-122 Transfusion dependency is associated with inferior outcome in very low- and low-risk IPSS-R patients. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ku CS, Kim B, Pham TX, Yang Y, Park Y, Carr T, Weller C, Lee J. Hypolipidemic effect of a blue‐green alga, Nostoc commune var. Sphaeroides Kützing, is attributed to algal residue but not lipid extract in C57BL/6J mice. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.385.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chai Siah Ku
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Tho X. Pham
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Yue Yang
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Youngki Park
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Timothy Carr
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNE
| | - Curtis Weller
- Biological Systems EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNE
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
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Schlegel V, Zbasnik R, Gries T, Lee BH, Carr T, Lee JY, Weller C, Cuppett S. Characterisation of potential health promoting lipids in the co-products of de-flossed milkweed. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zbasnik R, Carr T, Weller C, Hwang KT, Wang L, Cuppett S, Schlegel V. Antiproliferation properties of grain sorghum dry distiller's grain lipids in Caco-2 cells. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:10435-10441. [PMID: 19839637 DOI: 10.1021/jf902136p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antiproliferative properties of lipids extracted from grain sorghum (GS) dry distiller's grain (DDG) were analyzed to determine the feasibility of developing GS coproducts as a source for human health dietary ingredients. The lipid extract of GS-DDG was delivered to human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells by solubilizing 0-1000 microg/mL of GS-DDG lipids in 100 microg/mL increments with micelles. A significant reduction in cell viability (25-50%) resulted at treatment levels of 400-1000 microg/mL GS-DDG lipids (p < 0.05). Alternatively, total protein levels of cells treated with 400, 500, and 600 microg/mL of GS-DDG lipid were not significantly different from the control, indicating cell growth during the treatment period. Total cell counts for the control were not significantly different from the GS-DDG lipid treated cells, but dead cell counts increased by approximately 10% for the latter sample with a concomitant increase of the intercellular protein lactate dehydrogenase leakage (30-40%) in the medium. Preliminary analysis by the fluorescence-activated cell method (FACs) demonstrated that nonviable cells were in either the early apoptotic, late apoptotic, or necrotic stage post-treatment with 400, 500, and 600 microg/mL GS-DDG lipids. Physiochemical characterization of the GS-DDG lipids used for the antiproliferation study showed the presence of vitamin E (predominantly gamma-tocopherol), triacylglycerides (predominantly linoleic acid), policosanols, aldehydes, and sterols (predominantly campesterol and stigmasterol), each of which or as synergistic/additive group of constituents may be responsible for the antiproliferative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zbasnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 143 Filley Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919, USA
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Boehmler W, Carr T, Thisse C, Thisse B, Canfield VA, Levenson R. D4 Dopamine receptor genes of zebrafish and effects of the antipsychotic clozapine on larval swimming behaviour. Genes Brain Behav 2007; 6:155-66. [PMID: 16764679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish, a model developmental genetic organism, is being increasingly used in behavioural studies. We have initiated studies designed to evaluate the response of zebrafish to antipsychotic drugs. This study focuses on characterization of zebrafish D4 dopamine receptors (D4Rs) and the response of larval zebrafish to the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. The D4R is of interest because of its high affinity for clozapine, while interest in clozapine stems from its effectiveness in reducing symptoms in acutely psychotic, treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. By mining the zebrafish genomic database, we identified three distinct D4R genes, drd4a, drd4b and drd4c, and generated full-length open reading frames encoding each of the three D4Rs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Gene mapping studies showed that each D4R gene mapped to a distinct chromosomal location in the zebrafish genome, and each gene exhibited a unique expression profile during embryogenesis. When administered to larval zebrafish, clozapine produced a rapid and profound effect on locomotor activity. The effect of clozapine was dose-dependent, resulted in hypoactivity and was prevented by the D4-selective agonist ABT-724. Our data suggest that the inhibitory effect of clozapine on the locomotor activity of larval zebrafish may be mediated through D4Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Boehmler
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Church H, Tylee K, Cooper A, Thornley M, Mercer J, Wraith E, Carr T, O'Meara A, Wynn RF. Biochemical monitoring after haemopoietic stem cell transplant for Hurler syndrome (MPSIH): implications for functional outcome after transplant in metabolic disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:207-10. [PMID: 17220904 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hurler Syndrome is corrected by allogeneic BMT by the action of donor enzyme on recipient tissue. In this paper, we describe monitoring of 39 patients transplanted in two centres to determine donor chimerism, enzyme level and residual substrate - expressed as dermatan sulphate to chondroitin sulphate ratio. We show that in fully engrafted recipients, the enzyme level, expressed as mumol/g total protein/h, post-transplant is 24.2 from an unrelated donor and 10.2 from a heterozygote family donor (P<0.0001). There is a tight relationship between mean post-transplant enzyme level and residual substrate - Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (Rho) was -0.76 and -0.80 at 12 and 24 months, respectively (P<0.0001). We propose that these differences affect patient outcome. As unrelated donor transplant outcomes improve and especially given the higher levels of donor cell engraftment following cord transplants, our data might influence donor selection where only heterozygote-matched family members are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Church
- Willink Unit for Biochemical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Carr T. Transcendental meditation. Aust Fam Physician 2001; 30:736-7. [PMID: 11681142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Meyer S, Thornley M, Wynn RF, Brennan BM, Carr T, Wraith JE, Will AM. Donor bone marrow from a sibling with inborn error of metabolism for treatment of acute leukaemia - clinical and biochemical consequences in the non-affected recipient. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:909-11. [PMID: 10808215 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is increasingly used in an attempt to correct inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). However, little is known about effects of BMT from patients with IEM donating for non-affected recipients. We present data from a 8.5-year-old girl who underwent BMT in second remission for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at the age of 7 years from her HLA-identical brother who was severely affected by Hunter syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis type II, iduronate-2-sulphatase (IDS) deficiency). After BMT not only leukocyte but also plasma activity of IDS was absent. Mixing experiments and immunoadsorption suggest antibody-mediated enzyme inhibition. However, her urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion has not increased post BMT and clinical signs of mucopolysaccharidosis are absent 20 months after BMT. We conclude that patients with white cell enzyme deficiencies and other IEMs do not have to be excluded from bone marrow donation. Antibody production by the graft may occur and be reflected by a marked reduction in plasma enzyme levels but not tissue activity. Similar antibody responses resulting in enzyme inactivation might also affect other enzyme replacement strategies for individuals with IEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meyer
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit and Department of Oncology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Carr T, Evans P, Campbell S, Bass P, Albano J. Culture of human renal tubular cells: positive selection of kallikrein-containing cells. Immunopharmacology 1999; 44:161-7. [PMID: 10604540 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Human renal tubular cells derived from nephrectomy specimens were maintained in culture and grown to confluence. Immunocytochemistry, using a panel of antibodies selected for their ability to bind to different cell types within the nephron, showed the cells to be predominantly of epithelial origin with no significant contamination by fibroblasts or cells of endothelial origin. Ten to thirty percent of the cells expressed the putative distal marker, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), a finding confirmed by flow cytometry. Cells expressing EMA were positively selected from mixed cultures by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Kallikrein activity, expressed as mU/10(6) cells, in the EMA +ve cells, was increased fourfold to sixfold when compared with that in the EMA -ve cells. Cultures of characterized human renal tubular cells and sub-populations enriched with distal cells should prove useful in studies of synthesis and release of parameters of the kallikrein kinin system (KKS) to physiological stimuli. Furthermore, a better understanding of the toxic effect on the KKS of clinically useful drugs, particularly those used for immunosuppression, may lead to therapeutic interventions to lessen unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carr
- Wessex Renal and Transplant Unit, St. Mary's Hospital Portsmouth, UK
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Potwarka JJ, Drost DJ, Williamson PC, Carr T, Canaran G, Rylett WJ, Neufeld RW. A 1H-decoupled 31P chemical shift imaging study of medicated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:687-93. [PMID: 10187998 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current 31P spectroscopy research in schizophrenia has examined phospholipid metabolism by measuring the sum of phosphomonoesters and the sum of phosphodiester-containing molecules. Proton decoupling was implemented to measure the individual phosphomonoester and phosphodiester components. This is the first study employing this technique to examine schizophrenic patients. METHODS Multivoxel two-dimensional chemical shift in vivo phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy with proton decoupling was used to examine a 50-cm3 volume in prefrontal, motor, and parieto-occipital regions in the brain. Eleven chronic medicated schizophrenic patients were compared to 11 healthy controls of comparable gender, education, parental education, and handedness. RESULTS A significant increase in the mobile phospholipid peak area and its full width at half maximum was observed in the medicated schizophrenic patients compared to the healthy controls in the prefrontal region. Inorganic orthophosphate and phosphocholine were lower in the schizophrenic group in the prefrontal region. CONCLUSIONS The increased sum of phosphodiester [mobile phospholipid + glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine (GPEth) + glycerol-3-phosphocholine (GPCh)] in schizophrenic patients, measured in earlier studies, arises from the phospholipid peak (MP) and not the more mobile phosphodiesters (GPEth, GPCh) as was originally suspected. A decrease in the phosphocholine component of the phosphomonoesters was also observed in the schizophrenic patients. These findings are consistent with an abnormality in membrane metabolism in the prefrontal region in schizophrenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Potwarka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Magnetic Resonance, St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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Harris D, Carr T. Measuring quality of life in cosmetic surgery patients with a condition-specific instrument: the Derriford Scale--reply. Br J Plast Surg 1999; 52:158. [PMID: 10434898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Carr T, McKeever P, Yoshida M. Italo-Canadian mothers' beliefs surrounding cause and treatment/cure of childhood disabilities. Can J Nurs Res 1998; 29:69-78. [PMID: 9505584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A qualitative design was used to explore Italo-Canadian beliefs about the cause and treatment/cure of childhood disabilities. A convenience sample of eight second-generation Italo-Canadian mothers of children with moderate to severe disabilities was recruited through a pediatric rehabilitation centre in Southern Ontario. The mothers were interviewed using open-ended questions that served as probes to stimulate their thoughts and feelings. Data analysis proceeded concomitantly with data collection, and consisted of content analysis. Three major categories of traditional causation beliefs were identified: (a) punishment for past wrongdoing, (b) "bad blood" caused by intermarriage or a family curse, and (c) supernatural forces such as mal'occhio (the evil eye). The major category identified for cure of childhood disability was magico-religious healing. These traditional beliefs were described by the mothers to be strongest among first-generation Italo-Canadians, especially grandparents. The mothers themselves expressed their acceptance of some of these beliefs, but only minimal acceptance of or resistance to others. Based on this study, it would be premature to formulate implications for practice; however, several directions for future research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carr
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto.
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Carr T. Nutrition in HIV and AIDS. Nurs Times 1997; 93:1-6. [PMID: 9380561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Carr
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London
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Votta BJ, Levy MA, Badger A, Bradbeer J, Dodds RA, James IE, Thompson S, Bossard MJ, Carr T, Connor JR, Tomaszek TA, Szewczuk L, Drake FH, Veber DF, Gowen M. Peptide aldehyde inhibitors of cathepsin K inhibit bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 1997; 12:1396-406. [PMID: 9286755 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.9.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have shown previously that cathepsin K, a recently identified member of the papain superfamily of cysteine proteases, is expressed selectively in osteoclasts and is the predominant cysteine protease in these cells. Based upon its abundant cell type-selective expression, potent endoprotease activity at low pH and cellular localization at the bone interface, cathepsin K has been proposed to play a specialized role in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In this study, we evaluated a series of peptide aldehydes and demonstrated that they are potent cathepsin K inhibitors. These compounds inhibited osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in fetal rat long bone (FRLB) organ cultures in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Selected compounds were also shown to inhibit bone resorption in a human osteoclast-mediated assay in vitro. Chz-Leu-Leu-Leu-H (in vitro enzyme inhibition Ki,app = 1.4 nM) inhibited parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated resorption in the FRLB assay with an IC-50 of 20 nM and inhibited resorption by isolated human osteoclasts cultured on bovine cortical bone slices with an IC-50 of 100 nM. In the adjuvant-arthritic (AA) rat model, in situ hybridization studies demonstrated high levels of cathepsin K expression in osteoclasts at sites of extensive bone loss in the distal tibia. Cbz-Leu-Leu-Leu-H (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) significantly reduced this bone loss, as well as the associated hind paw edema. In the thyroparathyriodectomized rat model, Cbz-Leu-Leu-Leu-H inhibited the increase in blood ionized calcium induced by a 6 h infusion of PTH. These data indicate that inhibitors of cathepsin K are effective at reducing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and may have therapeutic potential in diseases of excessive bone resorption such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Votta
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Dearden SP, Taylor GM, Gokhale DA, Robinson MD, Thompson W, Ollier W, Binchy A, Birch JM, Stevens RF, Carr T, Bardsley WG. Molecular analysis of HLA-DQB1 alleles in childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:603-9. [PMID: 8605093 PMCID: PMC2074350 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (c-ALL) may be the rare outcome of early post-natal infection with a common infectious agent. One of the factors that may determine whether a child succumbs to c-ALL is how it responds to the candidate infection. Since immune responses to infection are under the partial control of (human leucocyte antigen) HLA genes, an association between an HLA allele and c-ALL could provide support for an infectious aetiology. To define the limit of c-ALL susceptibility within the HLA region, we have compared HLA-DQB1 allele frequencies in a cohort of 62 children with c-ALL with 76 newborn controls, using group-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. We find that a significant excess of children with c-ALL type for DQB1*05 [relative risk (RR): 2.54, uncorrected P=0.038], and a marginal excess with DQB1*0501 (RR: 2.18; P=0.095). Only 3 of the 62 children with c-ALL have the other susceptibility allele, DPB1*0201 as well as DQB1*0501, whereas 15 had one or the other allele. This suggests that HLA-associated susceptibility may be determined independently by at least two loci, and is not due to linkage disequilibrium. The combined relative risk of the two groups of children with DPB1*0201 and/or DQB1*0501 is 2.76 (P=0.0076). Analysis of amino acids encoded by exon 2 of DQB1 reveal additional complexity, with significant (P<0.05) or borderline-significant increases in Gly26, His30, Val57, Glu66-Val67 encoding motifs in c-ALL compared with controls. Since these amino acids are not restricted to DQB1*0501, our results suggest that, as with DPB1, the increased risk of c-ALL associated with DQB1 is determined by specific amino acid encoding motifs rather than by an individual allele. These results also suggest that HLA-associated susceptibility to c-ALL may not be restricted to the region bounded by DPB1 and DQB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Dearden
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Taylor GM, Robinson MD, Binchy A, Birch JM, Stevens RF, Jones PM, Carr T, Dearden S, Gokhale DA. Preliminary evidence of an association between HLA-DPB1*0201 and childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia supports an infectious aetiology. Leukemia 1995; 9:440-3. [PMID: 7885043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that childhood leukaemia may be the abnormal outcome of a common infection. Rare events caused by common environmental events such as infections are likely to be influenced by host genetic susceptibility. We have therefore investigated whether immunogenetic susceptibility contributes to the risk of childhood common ALL (c-ALL). In this preliminary study, we report that children with c-ALL (n = 63) carry the HLA-DPB1 locus allele *0201 twice and nearly three times more frequently than adult (n = 92; relative risk (RR) = 2.9, P < 0.05) or infant controls (n = 82; RR = 2.1). Moreover, children with c-ALL are 3-4 times more likely than controls to be heterozygous for DPB1*0201/*0301, /*0401 and /*0402 (RRadult controls = 3.9; RRinfant controls = 2.8). These results suggest that HLA-DPB1*0201 either alone or with other DPB1 alleles contributes to the risk of childhood c-ALL, possibly by increasing susceptibility to an infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Taylor
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Games D, Adams D, Alessandrini R, Barbour R, Berthelette P, Blackwell C, Carr T, Clemens J, Donaldson T, Gillespie F. Alzheimer-type neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F beta-amyloid precursor protein. Nature 1995; 373:523-7. [PMID: 7845465 DOI: 10.1038/373523a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1670] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of progressive intellectual failure in aged humans. AD brains contain numerous amyloid plaques surrounded by dystrophic neurites, and show profound synaptic loss, neurofibrillary tangle formation and gliosis. The amyloid plaques are composed of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta), a 40-42-amino-acid fragment of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). A primary pathogenic role for APP/A beta is suggested by missense mutations in APP that are tightly linked to autosomal dominant forms of AD. A major obstacle to elucidating and treating AD has been the lack of an animal model. Animals transgenic for APP have previously failed to show extensive AD-type neuropathology, but we now report the production of transgenic mice that express high levels of human mutant APP (with valine at residue 717 substituted by phenylalanine) and which progressively develop many of the pathological hallmarks of AD, including numerous extracellular thioflavin S-positive A beta deposits, neuritic plaques, synaptic loss, astrocytosis and microgliosis. These mice support a primary role for APP/A beta in the genesis of AD and could provide a preclinical model for testing therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Games
- Athena Neurosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carr
- Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Abstract
A 78-year-old woman underwent mitral reconstruction, consisting of a quadrangular posterior leaflet resection without a concomitant annular ring, for symptomatic mitral regurgitation. Postoperatively she became hypotensive while being treated with dopamine. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve with significant mitral regurgitation. With discontinuation of the dopamine regimen, institution of phenylephrine administration, and volume loading of the ventricle the systolic anterior motion disappeared as did the mitral regurgitation. The patient recovered uneventfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Kupferschmid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Boston University Medical Center, MA 02118
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Carr T, Stevens RF. Minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 1994; 343:190. [PMID: 7904664 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Carr
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, UK
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Abstract
The insert within lambda Ht363, a recombinant selected from a bank of human genomic DNA cloned in lambda Ch4A, is described. Southern blot hybridization with a mixed tRNA[32P]pCp probe revealed the presence of four tRNA genes, which were shown to represent further copies of genes previously identified as a solitary tRNAGly gene and as a three gene cluster on two different recombinants. In vitro transcription of a fragment containing the three gene cluster revealed the presence of a further pol III gene, which was shown to be that for a tRNAArgTCT. This gene contains a 15 bp intron, the presence of which presumably prevented its detection on Southern blots by tRNA hybridisation. The gene is present in the previously reported cluster and occurs in higher copy number (> 7) in other arrangements in the genome. Most of the copies of the gene have related intron sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bourn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
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Kupferschmid JP, Carr T, Fonger JD, Aldea GS, Vosburgh E. Chronic tension pneumothorax mimicking tension bullae. Use of video-assisted thoracoscopy for diagnosis. Chest 1993; 104:1913-4. [PMID: 8252987 DOI: 10.1378/chest.104.6.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A 48-year-old patient had a lucent right hemithorax and marked mediastinal shift of unknown duration that appeared on a chest radiograph. He was unchanged symptomatically from his baseline status. Video-assisted thoracoscopy was used to distinguish between tension from a giant bulla and a chronic tension pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Kupferschmid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital, University Medical Center, Boston, Mass
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Weisz JR, Sweeney L, Proffitt V, Carr T. Control-related beliefs and self-reported depressive symptoms in late childhood. J Abnorm Psychol 1993. [PMID: 8408953 DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.102.3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research thus far links depressive symptoms in children to one type of control-related belief: low levels of perceived personal competence. However, child research, unlike adult research, has not supported a linkage between depressive symptoms and another theoretically important control-related belief: perceived noncontingency of outcomes. Here we reexamined the issue, adjusting for limitations in previous methodology by using (a) psychometrically stronger measures of control beliefs, and (b) a general population sample rather than children being treated in mental health clinics. In contrast to previous results, we found that both perceived incompetence and perceived noncontingency were strongly related to children's depression, together accounting for 40% of the variance in Child Depression Inventory scores. We also found, as in previous research, that depressive symptoms were correlated with uncertainty as to the causes of outcomes, especially successes. The findings suggest that children may be susceptible to both "personal helplessness" and "universal helplessness" forms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Weisz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563
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Abstract
It has been suggested that eukaryotic tRNA genes might adopt a higher order stem and loop structure to facilitate transcription by interaction of their variably spaced intragenic promoter blocks. Using sodium bisulphite, which reacts specifically with cytosine residues in single-stranded nucleic acids, no deamination of C in the TTCGAA sequence of the 3' ICR of a tRNA(Leu) gene could be detected under conditions which caused 60% deamination of cytosine residues within the loop region of a synthetic cruciform cloned in the same negatively supercoiled plasmid vector. We conclude that, under these conditions, such structures occur in tRNA genes very rarely, if at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McLaren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Research thus far links depressive symptoms in children to one type of control-related belief: low levels of perceived personal competence. However, child research, unlike adult research, has not supported a linkage between depressive symptoms and another theoretically important control-related belief: perceived noncontingency of outcomes. Here we reexamined the issue, adjusting for limitations in previous methodology by using (a) psychometrically stronger measures of control beliefs, and (b) a general population sample rather than children being treated in mental health clinics. In contrast to previous results, we found that both perceived incompetence and perceived noncontingency were strongly related to children's depression, together accounting for 40% of the variance in Child Depression Inventory scores. We also found, as in previous research, that depressive symptoms were correlated with uncertainty as to the causes of outcomes, especially successes. The findings suggest that children may be susceptible to both "personal helplessness" and "universal helplessness" forms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Weisz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563
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Prangé R, Zarka P, Ballester GE, Livengood TA, Denis L, Carr T, Reyes F, Bame SJ, Moos HW. Correlated variations of UV and radio emissions during an outstanding Jovian auroral event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93je01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Williamson P, Pelz D, Merskey H, Morrison S, Karlik S, Drost D, Carr T, Conlon P. Frontal, temporal, and striatal proton relaxation times in schizophrenic patients and normal comparison subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:549-51. [PMID: 1554045 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.149.4.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) magnetic resonance relaxation times were examined in frontal, temporal, and striatal regions of 24 patients with schizophrenia and 10 normal comparison subjects. The schizophrenic patients had more prolonged T2 values than did the comparison subjects, particularly in the left temporal cortex and white matter, suggesting tissue pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Williamson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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