1
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Yoneyama M, Zormpas-Petridis K, Robinson R, Sobhani F, Provenzano E, Steel H, Lightowlers S, Towns C, Castillo SP, Anbalagan S, Lund T, Wennerberg E, Melcher A, Coles CE, Roxanis I, Yuan Y, Somaiah N. Longitudinal assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary breast cancer following neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)00566-2. [PMID: 38677525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have prognostic significance in several cancers, including breast. Despite interest in combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy, little is known about the effect of radiotherapy itself on the tumor-immune microenvironment, including TILs. Here, we interrogated longitudinal dynamics of tumor-infiltrating and systemic lymphocytes in patient samples taken before, during, and after neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART), from XXX and XXX breast clinical trials. METHODS We manually scored stromal TILs (sTILs) from longitudinal tumor samples using standardized guidelines, as well as deep learning-based scores at cell-level (cTIL) and cell- and tissue-level combination analysis (SuperTIL). In parallel, we interrogated absolute lymphocyte counts from routine blood tests at corresponding timepoints during treatment. Exploratory analyses studied the relationship between TILs and pathological complete response (pCR) and long-term outcomes. RESULTS Patients receiving NART experienced a significant and uniform decrease in sTILs that did not recover at the time of surgery (P < 0.0001). This lymphodepletive effect was also mirrored in peripheral blood. Our "SuperTIL" deep learning score showed good concordance with manual sTILs, and importantly performed comparably to manual scores in predicting pCR from diagnostic biopsies. Analysis suggested an association between baseline sTILs and pCR, as well as sTILs at surgery and relapse, in patients receiving NART. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into TIL dynamics in the context of NART in breast cancer, and demonstrates the potential for artificial intelligence to assist routine pathology. We have identified trends which warrant further interrogation and have a bearing on future radio-immunotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Yoneyama
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Zormpas-Petridis
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruth Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Faranak Sobhani
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harriet Steel
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sara Lightowlers
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine Towns
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon P Castillo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Selvakumar Anbalagan
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Tom Lund
- Integrated Pathology Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Erik Wennerberg
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Charlotte E Coles
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Navita Somaiah
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Challoner BR, Woolston A, Lau D, Buzzetti M, Fong C, Barber LJ, Anandappa G, Crux R, Assiotis I, Fenwick K, Begum R, Begum D, Lund T, Sivamanoharan N, Sansano HB, Domingo-Arada M, Tran A, Pandha H, Church D, Eccles B, Ellis R, Falk S, Hill M, Krell D, Murugaesu N, Nolan L, Potter V, Saunders M, Shiu KK, Guettler S, Alexander JL, Lázare-Iglesias H, Kinross J, Murphy J, von Loga K, Cunningham D, Chau I, Starling N, Ruiz-Bañobre J, Dhillon T, Gerlinger M. Genetic and immune landscape evolution in MMR-deficient colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2024; 262:226-239. [PMID: 37964706 DOI: 10.1002/path.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) colorectal cancers (CRCs) have high mutation burdens, which make these tumours immunogenic and many respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The MMRd hypermutator phenotype may also promote intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) and cancer evolution. We applied multiregion sequencing and CD8 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunostaining to systematically investigate ITH and how genetic and immune landscapes coevolve. All cases had high truncal mutation burdens. Despite pervasive ITH, driver aberrations showed a clear hierarchy. Those in WNT/β-catenin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and TGF-β receptor family genes were almost always truncal. Immune evasion (IE) drivers, such as inactivation of genes involved in antigen presentation or IFN-γ signalling, were predominantly subclonal and showed parallel evolution. These IE drivers have been implicated in immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance or sensitivity. Clonality assessments are therefore important for the development of predictive immunotherapy biomarkers in MMRd CRCs. Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct patterns of IE driver evolution: pan-tumour evolution, subclonal evolution, and evolutionary stasis. These, but neither mutation burdens nor heterogeneity metrics, significantly correlated with T-cell densities, which were used as a surrogate marker of tumour immunogenicity. Furthermore, this revealed that genetic and T-cell infiltrates coevolve in MMRd CRCs. Low T-cell densities in the subgroup without any known IE drivers may indicate an, as yet unknown, IE mechanism. PD-L1 was expressed in the tumour microenvironment in most samples and correlated with T-cell densities. However, PD-L1 expression in cancer cells was independent of T-cell densities but strongly associated with loss of the intestinal homeobox transcription factor CDX2. This explains infrequent PD-L1 expression by cancer cells and may contribute to a higher recurrence risk of MMRd CRCs with impaired CDX2 expression. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Woolston
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Lau
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marta Buzzetti
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Louise J Barber
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Richard Crux
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Dipa Begum
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tom Lund
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nanna Sivamanoharan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Amina Tran
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - David Church
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Bryony Eccles
- University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | - Stephen Falk
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark Hill
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK
| | - Daniel Krell
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nirupa Murugaesu
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Luke Nolan
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK
| | - Vanessa Potter
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Kai-Keen Shiu
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jamie Murphy
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katharina von Loga
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ian Chau
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tony Dhillon
- Royal Surrey Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- St Bartholomew's Hospital Cancer Centre, London, UK
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3
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Dellgren G, Lund T, Raivio P, Leuckfeld I, Svahn J, Olsen P, Halme R, Fiane A, Lindstedt S, Riise G, Magnusson J. A Scandinavian Controlled Randomized Open-Label and Multi-Center Study Evaluating if Once-Daily Tacrolimus versus Twice-Daily Cyclosporine De Novo, Reduces the 3-Year Incidence of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Huang S, Lund T, Orchard P, Gupta A, Nascene D. Dilated Optic Nerve Sheath in Mucopolysaccharidosis I: Common and Not Necessarily High Intracranial Pressure. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:91-94. [PMID: 36581456 PMCID: PMC9835902 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is one of the earliest manifestations of mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler syndrome, and delayed treatment of hydrocephalus can lead to neurocognitive delay or even death. Optic nerve sheath diameter has been established as a noninvasive measurement to detect elevated intracranial pressure. This study aimed to establish correlations between optic nerve sheath diameter and opening pressure. Forty-nine MR images and opening pressures in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler syndrome were retrospectively reviewed from 2008 to 2020. The optic nerve sheath diameter was measured 3 mm posterior to the posterior margin of the globe (retrobulbar) and 10 mm anterior to the optic foramen (midpoint segment), and the average was taken between the 2 eyes. Opening pressure was measured with the patient in the lateral decubitus position with controlled end-tidal CO2 on the same day as the MR imaging. The average retrobulbar optic nerve sheath diameter was 5.33 mm, higher than the previously reported measurement in healthy controls, in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and there was a positive correlation between age and the optic nerve sheath diameter measured at the retrobulbar or midpoint segment (retrobulbar segment, R 2 = 0.27, P < .01; midpoint segment, R 2 = 0.20, P < .01). However, there was no correlation between retrobulbar or midpoint segment optic nerve sheath diameter and opening pressure (retrobulbar segment, R 2 = 0.02, P = .17; midpoint segment, R 2 = 0.03, P < .12). This study shows a higher average optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler syndrome than in healthy controls regardless of the location of the measurement. However, the degree of optic nerve sheath dilation does not correlate with opening pressure, suggesting that increased optic nerve sheath diameter is an ocular manifestation of mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler syndrome itself rather than a marker of elevated intracranial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.H.)
| | - T Lund
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant (T.L., P.O., A.G.)
| | - P Orchard
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant (T.L., P.O., A.G.)
| | - A Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant (T.L., P.O., A.G.)
| | - D Nascene
- Department of Radiology (D.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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5
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Sandvik RM, Cömert H, Skov M, Pressler T, Buchvald F, Johansen H, Lund T, Mojsoska B, Alatrakchi F, Nielsen K. P138 Biochemical detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum and urine from children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Challoner BR, Woolston A, Lau D, Buzzetti M, Barber LJ, Lund T, Sansano HB, von Loga K, Lázare-Iglesias H, Begum R, Crux R, Cunningham D, Chau I, Starling N, Ruiz-Bañobre J, Dhillon T, Gerlinger M. Abstract PR012: Genetic and immune landscape evolution defines subtypes of MMR deficient colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.evodyn22-pr012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) CRCs have high mutation/neo-antigen loads, leading to high immunogenicity and good immunotherapy response rates. We reasoned that the MMRd hypermutator phenotype should also promote intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) and evolvability; and investigated the genetic and immunological co-evolution in 69 regions from 6 localized and 13 metastatic MMRd CRCs by multi-region DNA-, RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry. All tumors had high truncal mutation loads (median: 44 mutations in 191 sequenced genes; whole exome equivalent: 1870 mutations). A median of 16.1% mutations per region were heterogeneous, indicating pervasive ITH. Phylogenetic analyses showed that metastases had diverged before subclonal diversification of the primary tumor in 75% of assessable cases. Thus, the ability to metastasize was frequently acquired early during tumor evolution. Driver aberrations evolved with a clear hierarchy: those in the WNT and RTK-MAPK pathways and in TGFbR-family members were almost always truncal (87.0%, 86.4% and 83.7%), indicating a critical role for cancer initiation. In contrast, genetic aberrations that are known to confer immune evasion (IE) were predominantly subclonal (71.4%) and parallel evolution of IE drivers occurred in 4/6 tumors that harboured any subclonal IE driver. This substantiates immune selection pressure as the main driver of Darwinian evolution during tumor progression. These IE drivers are known to confer resistance to checkpoint-inhibitor immunotherapy. ITH therefore needs to be addressed for predictive biomarker development. We quantified CD8 T-cell infiltrates as a surrogate measure of tumor immunogenicity; distinguishing tumors with low CD8 T-cell infiltrates (mean: 3.9% T-cells of all nucleated cells) and those with high infiltrates (mean: 12.2%). T-cell infiltrates showed high ITH in the latter group. This suggested a tumor-intrinsic setpoint, accompanied by marked variability in tumors with dense infiltrates. T-cell densities did not correlate with truncal mutation loads or heterogeneity metrics, questioning how immunogenicity is regulated. Phylogenetic analysis defined three patterns of IE evolution: tumors with subclonal, with pan-tumor, or without any identifiable IE drivers. CD8 T-cell abundance was highest in tumors with subclonal IE, supporting selection pressure from high CD8 T-cell infiltrates as the proximate cause for IE evolution. Tumors with pan-tumor IE showed low CD8 T-cell infiltrates. Surprisingly, tumors without IE drivers had the lowest CD8 T-cell abundance, indicating an alternative mechanism of immune escape. Low densities of CD8 T-cells at the tumor margin and low expression of T-cell chemo-attractants suggested impaired T-cell recruitment in these. Together, we show that immune recognition is a major driver of Darwinian evolution in MMRd CRCs and that immune infiltrates and IE drivers co-evolve interdependently. Whether sensitivity to checkpoint-inhibitor immunotherapy differs between the three phylogenetic MMRd CRC subtypes needs to be assessed in clinical trials.
Citation Format: Benjamin R. Challoner, Andrew Woolston, David Lau, Marta Buzzetti, Louise J. Barber, Tom Lund, Harold B. Sansano, Katharina von Loga, Héctor Lázare-Iglesias, Ruwaida Begum, Richard Crux, David Cunningham, Ian Chau, Naureen Starling, Juan Ruiz-Bañobre, Tony Dhillon, Marco Gerlinger. Genetic and immune landscape evolution defines subtypes of MMR deficient colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR012.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Lau
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Marta Buzzetti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Tom Lund
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard Crux
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Ian Chau
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,
| | - Tony Dhillon
- The Royal Surrey Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
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7
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Challoner BR, Woolston A, Lau D, Buzzetti M, Barber LJ, Lund T, Sansano HB, von Loga K, Lázare-Iglesias H, Begum R, Crux R, Cunningham D, Chau I, Starling N, Ruiz-Bañobre J, Dhillon T, Gerlinger M. Abstract A002: Genetic and immune landscape evolution defines subtypes of MMR deficient colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.evodyn22-a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is available in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR012) of the Conference Proceedings.
Citation Format: Benjamin R. Challoner, Andrew Woolston, David Lau, Marta Buzzetti, Louise J. Barber, Tom Lund, Harold B. Sansano, Katharina von Loga, Héctor Lázare-Iglesias, Ruwaida Begum, Richard Crux, David Cunningham, Ian Chau, Naureen Starling, Juan Ruiz-Bañobre, Tony Dhillon, Marco Gerlinger. Genetic and immune landscape evolution defines subtypes of MMR deficient colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A002.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Lau
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Marta Buzzetti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Tom Lund
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard Crux
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Ian Chau
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,
| | - Tony Dhillon
- The Royal Surrey Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
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8
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Au L, Hatipoglu E, Robert de Massy M, Litchfield K, Beattie G, Rowan A, Schnidrig D, Thompson R, Byrne F, Horswell S, Fotiadis N, Hazell S, Nicol D, Shepherd STC, Fendler A, Mason R, Del Rosario L, Edmonds K, Lingard K, Sarker S, Mangwende M, Carlyle E, Attig J, Joshi K, Uddin I, Becker PD, Sunderland MW, Akarca A, Puccio I, Yang WW, Lund T, Dhillon K, Vasquez MD, Ghorani E, Xu H, Spencer C, López JI, Green A, Mahadeva U, Borg E, Mitchison M, Moore DA, Proctor I, Falzon M, Pickering L, Furness AJS, Reading JL, Salgado R, Marafioti T, Jamal-Hanjani M, Kassiotis G, Chain B, Larkin J, Swanton C, Quezada SA, Turajlic S. Determinants of anti-PD-1 response and resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1497-1518.e11. [PMID: 34715028 PMCID: PMC8599450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ADAPTeR is a prospective, phase II study of nivolumab (anti-PD-1) in 15 treatment-naive patients (115 multiregion tumor samples) with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) aiming to understand the mechanism underpinning therapeutic response. Genomic analyses show no correlation between tumor molecular features and response, whereas ccRCC-specific human endogenous retrovirus expression indirectly correlates with clinical response. T cell receptor (TCR) analysis reveals a significantly higher number of expanded TCR clones pre-treatment in responders suggesting pre-existing immunity. Maintenance of highly similar clusters of TCRs post-treatment predict response, suggesting ongoing antigen engagement and survival of families of T cells likely recognizing the same antigens. In responders, nivolumab-bound CD8+ T cells are expanded and express GZMK/B. Our data suggest nivolumab drives both maintenance and replacement of previously expanded T cell clones, but only maintenance correlates with response. We hypothesize that maintenance and boosting of a pre-existing response is a key element of anti-PD-1 mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Au
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Emine Hatipoglu
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Marc Robert de Massy
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gordon Beattie
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Desiree Schnidrig
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachael Thompson
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fiona Byrne
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicos Fotiadis
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Steve Hazell
- Department of Pathology, the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - David Nicol
- Department of Urology, the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Scott T C Shepherd
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Annika Fendler
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robert Mason
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lyra Del Rosario
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Kim Edmonds
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Karla Lingard
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sarah Sarker
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Mary Mangwende
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Eleanor Carlyle
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Jan Attig
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kroopa Joshi
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Imran Uddin
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pablo D Becker
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mariana Werner Sunderland
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ayse Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Ignazio Puccio
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - William W Yang
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Tom Lund
- Translational Immune Oncology Lab, Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Kim Dhillon
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Marcos Duran Vasquez
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Hang Xu
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Charlotte Spencer
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - José I López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anna Green
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ula Mahadeva
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Elaine Borg
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Miriam Mitchison
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - David A Moore
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Ian Proctor
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Mary Falzon
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Lisa Pickering
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Andrew J S Furness
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - James L Reading
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne VIC 300, Australia; Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK; University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
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9
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Pennycuick A, Teixeira VH, AbdulJabbar K, Raza SEA, Lund T, Akarca AU, Rosenthal R, Kalinke L, Chandrasekharan DP, Pipinikas CP, Lee-Six H, Hynds RE, Gowers KHC, Henry JY, Millar FR, Hagos YB, Denais C, Falzon M, Moore DA, Antoniou S, Durrenberger PF, Furness AJ, Carroll B, Marceaux C, Asselin-Labat ML, Larson W, Betts C, Coussens LM, Thakrar RM, George J, Swanton C, Thirlwell C, Campbell PJ, Marafioti T, Yuan Y, Quezada SA, McGranahan N, Janes SM. Immune Surveillance in Clinical Regression of Preinvasive Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1489-1499. [PMID: 32690541 PMCID: PMC7611527 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Before squamous cell lung cancer develops, precancerous lesions can be found in the airways. From longitudinal monitoring, we know that only half of such lesions become cancer, whereas a third spontaneously regress. Although recent studies have described the presence of an active immune response in high-grade lesions, the mechanisms underpinning clinical regression of precancerous lesions remain unknown. Here, we show that host immune surveillance is strongly implicated in lesion regression. Using bronchoscopic biopsies from human subjects, we find that regressive carcinoma in situ lesions harbor more infiltrating immune cells than those that progress to cancer. Moreover, molecular profiling of these lesions identifies potential immune escape mechanisms specifically in those that progress to cancer: antigen presentation is impaired by genomic and epigenetic changes, CCL27-CCR10 signaling is upregulated, and the immunomodulator TNFSF9 is downregulated. Changes appear intrinsic to the carcinoma in situ lesions, as the adjacent stroma of progressive and regressive lesions are transcriptomically similar. SIGNIFICANCE: Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer. For the first time, this study identifies mechanisms by which precancerous lesions evade immune detection during the earliest stages of carcinogenesis and forms a basis for new therapeutic strategies that treat or prevent early-stage lung cancer.See related commentary by Krysan et al., p. 1442.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor H Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shan E Ahmed Raza
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lund
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse U Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Rosenthal
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Kalinke
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P Chandrasekharan
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Henry Lee-Six
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate H C Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Y Henry
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser R Millar
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yeman B Hagos
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Denais
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Falzon
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Moore
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Antoniou
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal F Durrenberger
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Furness
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Marceaux
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Cancer Early Detection and Advanced Research (CEDAR) Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - William Larson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Courtney Betts
- Knight Cancer Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ricky M Thakrar
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy George
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Thirlwell
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Campbell
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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10
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AbdulJabbar K, Raza SEA, Rosenthal R, Jamal-Hanjani M, Veeriah S, Akarca A, Lund T, Moore DA, Salgado R, Al Bakir M, Zapata L, Hiley CT, Officer L, Sereno M, Smith CR, Loi S, Hackshaw A, Marafioti T, Quezada SA, McGranahan N, Le Quesne J, Swanton C, Yuan Y. Geospatial immune variability illuminates differential evolution of lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med 2020; 26:1054-1062. [PMID: 32461698 PMCID: PMC7610840 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable progress in molecular analyses has improved our understanding of the evolution of cancer cells toward immune escape1-5. However, the spatial configurations of immune and stromal cells, which may shed light on the evolution of immune escape across tumor geographical locations, remain unaddressed. We integrated multiregion exome and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data with spatial histology mapped by deep learning in 100 patients with non-small cell lung cancer from the TRACERx cohort6. Cancer subclones derived from immune cold regions were more closely related in mutation space, diversifying more recently than subclones from immune hot regions. In TRACERx and in an independent multisample cohort of 970 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, tumors with more than one immune cold region had a higher risk of relapse, independently of tumor size, stage and number of samples per patient. In lung adenocarcinoma, but not lung squamous cell carcinoma, geometrical irregularity and complexity of the cancer-stromal cell interface significantly increased in tumor regions without disruption of antigen presentation. Decreased lymphocyte accumulation in adjacent stroma was observed in tumors with low clonal neoantigen burden. Collectively, immune geospatial variability elucidates tumor ecological constraints that may shape the emergence of immune-evading subclones and aggressive clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Shan E Ahmed Raza
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rachel Rosenthal
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ayse Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tom Lund
- Translational Immune Oncology Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David A Moore
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA-Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Luis Zapata
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Crispin T Hiley
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Leah Officer
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK
| | - Marco Sereno
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK & University College London Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Le Quesne
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK.
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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11
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Ghorani E, Reading JL, Henry JY, Massy MRD, Rosenthal R, Turati V, Joshi K, Furness AJS, Ben Aissa A, Saini SK, Ramskov S, Georgiou A, Sunderland MW, Wong YNS, Mucha MVD, Day W, Galvez-Cancino F, Becker PD, Uddin I, Oakes T, Ismail M, Ronel T, Woolston A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Veeriah S, Birkbak NJ, Wilson GA, Litchfield K, Conde L, Guerra-Assunção JA, Blighe K, Biswas D, Salgado R, Lund T, Bakir MA, Moore DA, Hiley CT, Loi S, Sun Y, Yuan Y, AbdulJabbar K, Turajilic S, Herrero J, Enver T, Hadrup SR, Hackshaw A, Peggs KS, McGranahan N, Chain B, Swanton C, Quezada SA. The T cell differentiation landscape is shaped by tumour mutations in lung cancer. Nat Cancer 2020; 1:546-561. [PMID: 32803172 PMCID: PMC7115931 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumour mutational burden (TMB) predicts immunotherapy outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), consistent with immune recognition of tumour neoantigens. However, persistent antigen exposure is detrimental for T cell function. How TMB affects CD4 and CD8 T cell differentiation in untreated tumours, and whether this affects patient outcomes is unknown. Here we paired high-dimensional flow cytometry, exome, single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing from patients with resected, untreated NSCLC to examine these relationships. TMB was associated with compartment-wide T cell differentiation skewing, characterized by loss of TCF7-expressing progenitor-like CD4 T cells, and an increased abundance of dysfunctional CD8 and CD4 T cell subsets, with significant phenotypic and transcriptional similarity to neoantigen-reactive CD8 T cells. A gene signature of redistribution from progenitor-like to dysfunctional states associated with poor survival in lung and other cancer cohorts. Single-cell characterization of these populations informs potential strategies for therapeutic manipulation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James L Reading
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Jake Y Henry
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Marc Robert de Massy
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Rachel Rosenthal
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Virginia Turati
- Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kroopa Joshi
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew J S Furness
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Assma Ben Aissa
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sunil Kumar Saini
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Ramskov
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew Georgiou
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariana Werner Sunderland
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Yien Ning Sophia Wong
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria Vila De Mucha
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - William Day
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Felipe Galvez-Cancino
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Pablo D Becker
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Imran Uddin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Theres Oakes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mazlina Ismail
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tahel Ronel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Annemarie Woolston
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gareth A Wilson
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lucia Conde
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Kevin Blighe
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Dhruva Biswas
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Tom Lund
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David A Moore
- Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Crispin T Hiley
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Samra Turajilic
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sine R Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK and University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Karl S Peggs
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Computer Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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12
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Ghorani E, Reading JL, Henry JY, Robert De Massy M, Rosenthal R, Furness AJ, Ben Aissa A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Birkbak N, Wilson G, Salgado R, Lund T, Hiley CT, Loi S, Hackshaw A, McGranahan N, Chain BM, Peggs KS, Swanton C, Quezada SA. Association of the imbalance between early and late differentiated intra-tumor CD4 T cells with mutational burden in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2590 Background: CD4 T helper cells are key orchestrators of immunity in states of persistent antigen exposure. In chronic viral infection, loss of immune control is associated with CD4 differentiation skewing (CD4ds) resulting from decline of early progenitors and gain in abundance of exhausted and terminally differentiated subsets. Here, we set out to identify whether a similar process occurs within the tumour microenvironment, contributing to immune dysfunction. Methods: Multiregional samples of tumour and non-tumour lung tissue from patients with untreated, surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) within the first 100 recruited to the prospective lung TRACERx study were analysed by high dimensional flow cytometry of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and paired bulk tumour exome and RNA sequencing. We additionally reanalysed publically available single T cell and bulk tumour RNA sequencing from patients with NSCLC. Results: Unsupervised clustering and dimension reduction revealed a heterogenous landscape of CD4 TILs, with evidence of CD4ds in association with tumour mutational burden. Loss of PD1-CCR7+ T central memory enriched early differentiated cells was accompanied by gain in abundance of PD1+ populations with exhausted (CD57-ICOShiCTLA4hi) and terminally differentiated effector (CD57+Eomes+) phenotypes. Further characterisation of these populations by single cell RNA sequencing revealed differential expression of key genes involved in transcriptional regulation, co-inhibition and co-stimulatory pathways. A validated gene signature of CD4ds was associated with worse outcomes in TRACERx and TCGA cohorts. Conclusions: Our findings reveal remodelling of the CD4 differentiation landscape in association with tumour genomic characteristics, underscoring how mutational burden in the context of chronic stimulation may lead to loss of immune fitness and elucidating key regulatory pathways in potentially clinically relevant CD4 subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - James L. Reading
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Y. Henry
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London], United Kingdom
| | - Marc Robert De Massy
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Rosenthal
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Assma Ben Aissa
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolai Birkbak
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Wilson
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) -Campus Sint-Augustinus-University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom Lund
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Crispin T. Hiley
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sherene Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M. Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karl S. Peggs
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translation Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio A. Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Rosenthal R, Cadieux EL, Salgado R, Bakir MA, Moore DA, Hiley CT, Lund T, Tanić M, Reading JL, Joshi K, Henry JY, Ghorani E, Wilson GA, Birkbak NJ, Jamal-Hanjani M, Veeriah S, Szallasi Z, Loi S, Hellmann MD, Feber A, Chain B, Herrero J, Quezada SA, Demeulemeester J, Van Loo P, Beck S, McGranahan N, Swanton C. Neoantigen-directed immune escape in lung cancer evolution. Nature 2019; 567:479-485. [PMID: 30894752 PMCID: PMC6954100 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between an evolving cancer and a dynamic immune microenvironment remains unclear. Here we analyse 258 regions from 88 early-stage, untreated non-small-cell lung cancers using RNA sequencing and histopathology-assessed tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte estimates. Immune infiltration varied both between and within tumours, with different mechanisms of neoantigen presentation dysfunction enriched in distinct immune microenvironments. Sparsely infiltrated tumours exhibited a waning of neoantigen editing during tumour evolution, indicative of historical immune editing, or copy-number loss of previously clonal neoantigens. Immune-infiltrated tumour regions exhibited ongoing immunoediting, with either loss of heterozygosity in human leukocyte antigens or depletion of expressed neoantigens. We identified promoter hypermethylation of genes that contain neoantigenic mutations as an epigenetic mechanism of immunoediting. Our results suggest that the immune microenvironment exerts a strong selection pressure in early-stage, untreated non-small-cell lung cancers that produces multiple routes to immune evasion, which are clinically relevant and forecast poor disease-free survival.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Evolution, Molecular
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Prognosis
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Rosenthal
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA, Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David A Moore
- Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Crispin T Hiley
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tom Lund
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miljana Tanić
- Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - James L Reading
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kroopa Joshi
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jake Y Henry
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth A Wilson
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Feber
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Computer Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Beck
- Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Hansen C, Andersen J, Kjelmann K, Lund T. Labour market trajectories over the life-course - the importance of childhood negative life events? Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Hansen
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - J Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Regional Hospital West Jutland—University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
| | - K Kjelmann
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T Lund
- Unit of Social Medicine, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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15
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Labriola M, Lykke Stabell C, Pedersen P, Hviid Andersen J, Lund T. Gender differences in psychological vulnerability in adolescence as indicator of secondary education completion. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - T Lund
- Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Kvirkvelia N, Chikadze N, Makinde J, McBride JD, Porakishvili N, Hills FA, Martensen PM, Justesen J, Delves PJ, Lund T, Roitt IM. Investigation of factors influencing the immunogenicity of hCG as a potential cancer vaccine. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:73-83. [PMID: 29601077 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and its β-subunit (hCGβ) are tumour autocrine growth factors whose presence in the serum of cancer patients has been linked to poorer prognosis. Previous studies have shown that vaccines which target these molecules and/or the 37 amino acid C-terminal hCGβ peptide (hCGβCTP) induce antibody responses in a majority of human recipients. Here we explored whether the immunogenicity of vaccines containing an hCGβ mutant (hCGβR68E, designed to eliminate cross-reactivity with luteinizing hormone) or hCGβCTP could be enhanced by coupling the immunogen to different carriers [keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) or heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)] using different cross-linkers [1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carboiimide (EDC) or glutaraldehyde (GAD)] and formulated with different adjuvants (RIBI or Montanide ISA720). While there was little to choose between KLH and Hsp70 as carriers, their influence on the effectiveness of a vaccine containing the BAChCGβR68E mutant was less marked, presumably because, being a foreign species, this mutant protein itself might provide T helper epitopes. The mutant provided a significantly better vaccine than the hCGβCTP peptide irrespective of the carrier used, how it was cross-linked to the carrier or which adjuvant was used when hCG was the target. Nonetheless, for use in humans where hCG is a tolerated self-protein, the need for a carrier is of fundamental importance. Highest antibody titres were obtained by linking the BAChCGβR68E to Hsp70 as a carrier by GAD and using RIBI as the adjuvant, which also resulted in antibodies with significantly higher affinity than those elicited by hCGβCTP peptide vaccine. This makes this mutant vaccine a promising candidate for therapeutic studies in hCGβ-positive cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kvirkvelia
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Chikadze
- Division of Immunology and Microbiology, Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, USA
| | - J Makinde
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - J D McBride
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Porakishvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - F A Hills
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Middlesex, London, UK
| | - P M Martensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Justesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P J Delves
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Lund
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Middlesex, London, UK
| | - I M Roitt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Middlesex, London, UK
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17
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Jensen L, Overgaard C, Bøggild H, Garne JP, Lund T, Overvad K, Fonager K. The Long-term financial consequences of breast cancer: a Danish registry-based cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Jensen
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C Overgaard
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - H Bøggild
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - JP Garne
- Department of Breast surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T Lund
- Department of Public Health and Quality Improvement, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Overvad
- Department of Public Health – Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Fonager
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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18
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Lindholdt L, Andersen JH, Lund T, Labriola M. Mental health across two generations –A cohort-study among 10,716 Danish adolescents. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Lindholdt
- Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dep. of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - JH Andersen
- Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dep. of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Lund
- Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dep. of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Labriola
- Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dep. of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- JH Andersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Herning, Denmark
| | - L Lindholdt
- Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dep. of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - TN Winding
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Herning, Denmark
| | - T Lund
- Research Centre for Youth & Employment, Herning, Denmark
| | - M Labriola
- Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dep. of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Labriola M, Hviid Andersen J, Dalsgaard Hansen C, Nøhr Winding T, Lindholdt L, Pedersen P, Lund T. Construction and pretest of a national youth cohort questionnaire – the FOCA cohort. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw174.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Serrels A, Lund T, Serrels B, Bryon A, Ring J, Pachter JA, Brunton VG, Nibbs RJ. Abstract A189: FAK inhibition induces T cell-mediated tumor regression: A novel role for nuclear FAK in controlling Tregs via transcription of cytokine networks. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-15-a189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is clear that the behavior of tumors cannot be ascribed solely to cancer cell-autonomous traits that are typically monitored by tissue culture experiments. The tumor niche is composed of multiple cell types, of which only a fraction are cancer cells. It is in this context that we have discovered a completely new function of the integrin effector signaling protein Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in driving anti-tumor immune evasion. Specifically, the activity of nuclear-targeted FAK in cancer cells drives recruitment and retention of intra-tumoral regulatory T-cells (Tregs) by transcriptionally regulating chemokine and cytokine ligand-receptor networks, crucially including transcription of TGFβ2 and CCL5. In turn, these changes inhibit antigen-primed cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell activity in the tumor microenvironment, permitting survival and growth of FAK-expressing tumors. We show that immune evasion requires nuclear FAK's catalytic activity and nuclear localization, and a small molecule FAK kinase inhibitor, VS-4718, which is currently in clinical development, drives depletion of Tregs and enables CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor clearance. It is therefore likely that FAK inhibitors may trigger immune-mediated tumor regression, providing previously unrecognized therapeutic benefit. These preclinical data also suggest a novel mechanism by which a FAK inhibitor may potentiate the efficacy of checkpoint antibodies or other immunotherapeutic strategies.
Citation Format: Alan Serrels, Tom Lund, Bryan Serrels, Adam Bryon, Jennifer Ring, Jonathan A Pachter, Valerie G Brunton, Robert J.B Nibbs. FAK inhibition induces T cell-mediated tumor regression: A novel role for nuclear FAK in controlling Tregs via transcription of cytokine networks. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr A189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Serrels
- 1The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lund
- 1The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Serrels
- 1The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Bryon
- 1The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Robert J.B Nibbs
- 3Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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22
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Lund T, Hansen CD, Andersen JH, Labriola M. Mental health in childhood as risk indicator of labour market participation in young adulthood. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv168.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Serrels A, Lund T, Serrels B, Byron A, McPherson RC, von Kriegsheim A, Gómez-Cuadrado L, Canel M, Muir M, Ring JE, Maniati E, Sims AH, Pachter JA, Brunton VG, Gilbert N, Anderton SM, Nibbs RJB, Frame MC. Nuclear FAK controls chemokine transcription, Tregs, and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Cell 2015; 163:160-73. [PMID: 26406376 PMCID: PMC4597190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promotes anti-tumor immune evasion. Specifically, the kinase activity of nuclear-targeted FAK in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells drives exhaustion of CD8(+) T cells and recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment by regulating chemokine/cytokine and ligand-receptor networks, including via transcription of Ccl5, which is crucial. These changes inhibit antigen-primed cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell activity, permitting growth of FAK-expressing tumors. Mechanistically, nuclear FAK is associated with chromatin and exists in complex with transcription factors and their upstream regulators that control Ccl5 expression. Furthermore, FAK's immuno-modulatory nuclear activities may be specific to cancerous squamous epithelial cells, as normal keratinocytes do not have nuclear FAK. Finally, we show that a small-molecule FAK kinase inhibitor, VS-4718, which is currently in clinical development, also drives depletion of Tregs and promotes a CD8(+) T cell-mediated anti-tumor response. Therefore, FAK inhibitors may trigger immune-mediated tumor regression, providing previously unrecognized therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Tom Lund
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Rhoanne C McPherson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alexander von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Laura Gómez-Cuadrado
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Marta Canel
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jennifer E Ring
- Verastem Inc., 117 Kendrick Street, Suite 500, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Queen Mary, University of London, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | | | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Nick Gilbert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
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Tylén K, Christensen P, Roepstorff A, Lund T, Østergaard S, Donald M. Brains striving for coherence: Long-term cumulative plot formation in the default mode network. Neuroimage 2015. [PMID: 26216276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many everyday activities, such as engaging in conversation or listening to a story, require us to sustain attention over a prolonged period of time while integrating and synthesizing complex episodic content into a coherent mental model. Humans are remarkably capable of navigating and keeping track of all the parallel social activities of everyday life even when confronted with interruptions or changes in the environment. However, the underlying cognitive and neurocognitive mechanisms of such long-term integration and profiling of information remain a challenge to neuroscience. While brain activity is generally traceable within the short time frame of working memory (milliseconds to seconds), these integrative processes last for minutes, hours or even days. Here we report two experiments on story comprehension. Experiment I establishes a cognitive dissociation between our comprehension of plot and incidental facts in narratives: when episodic material allows for long-term integration in a coherent plot, we recall fewer factual details. However, when plot formation is challenged, we pay more attention to incidental facts. Experiment II investigates the neural underpinnings of plot formation. Results suggest a central role for the brain's default mode network related to comprehension of coherent narratives while incoherent episodes rather activate the frontoparietal control network. Moreover, an analysis of cortical activity as a function of the cumulative integration of narrative material into a coherent story reveals to linear modulations of right hemisphere posterior temporal and parietal regions. Together these findings point to key neural mechanisms involved in the fundamental human capacity for cumulative plot formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tylén
- Center for Semiotics, Department for Aesthetics and Communication, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; The Interacting Minds Center, Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - P Christensen
- The Interacting Minds Center, Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Helgonabacken 12, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Roepstorff
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; The Interacting Minds Center, Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Lund
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Østergaard
- Center for Semiotics, Department for Aesthetics and Communication, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Donald
- Department of Psychology, Hunphrey Hall, 62 Arch St., Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
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25
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Mansor L, Carr CA, Le Page L, Lund T, Aasum E, Clarke K, Tyler D, Heather L. P667Impaired chronic hypoxic response in type 2 diabetic hearts is associated with inability to downregulate PPARa. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Gensby U, Labriola M, Irvin E, Amick BC, Lund T. A classification of components of workplace disability management programs: results from a systematic review. J Occup Rehabil 2014; 24:220-241. [PMID: 23666474 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper presents results from a Campbell systematic review on the nature and effectiveness of workplace disability management programs (WPDM) promoting return to work (RTW), as implemented and practiced by employers. A classification of WPDM program components, based on the review results, is proposed. METHODS Twelve databases were searched between 1948 to July 2010 for peer-reviewed studies of WPDM programs provided by employers to re-entering workers with occupational or non-occupational illnesses or injuries. Screening of articles, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were conducted in pairs of reviewers. Studies were clustered around various dimensions of the design and context of programs. RESULTS 16,932 records were identified by the initial search. 599 papers were assessed for relevance. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. Twelve peer reviewed articles (two non-randomized studies, and ten single group experimental before and after studies), including ten different WPDM programs informed the synthesis of results. Narrative descriptions of the included program characteristics provided insight on program scope, components, procedures and human resources involved. However, there were insufficient data on the characteristics of the sample and the effect sizes were uncertain. A taxonomy classifying policies and practices around WPDM programs is proposed. CONCLUSION There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of employer provided WPDM programs promoting RTW. It was not possible to determine if specific program components or specific sets of components are driving effectiveness. The proposed taxonomy may guide future WPDM program evaluation and clarify the setup of programs offered to identify gaps in existing company strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gensby
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Building 08.2, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark,
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Lund T, Hviid Andersen J, Hansen CD, Nøhr Winding T, Biering K, Labriola M. Childhood adversities as predictors of labour market participation in young adulthood. A prospective birth cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt123.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schelde M, Lund T, Brixen K, Ryg J. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is high in patients with recent hip fracture. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Faber A, Sell L, Hansen JV, Burr H, Lund T, Holtermann A, Sogaard K. Does muscle strength predict future musculoskeletal disorders and sickness absence? Occup Med (Lond) 2011; 62:41-6. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Aljabri MB, Lund T, Höper AC, Andreasen TV, Al-Saad S, Lindal S, Ytrehus K. Gene expression, function and ischemia tolerance in male and female rat hearts after sub-toxic levels of angiotensin II. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 11:38-47. [PMID: 21170686 PMCID: PMC3035796 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To examine the response to chronic high-dose angiotensin II (Ang II) and a proposed milder response in female hearts with respect to gene expression and ischemic injury. Female and male litter–matched rats were treated with 400 ng kg−1 min−1 Ang II for 14 days. Hearts were isolated, subjected to 30-min ischemia and 30-min reperfusion in combination with functional monitoring and thereafter harvested for gene expression, WB and histology. Ang II-treated hearts showed signs of non-hypertrophic remodeling and had significantly higher end diastolic pressure after reperfusion, but no significant gender difference was detected. Ang II increased expression of genes related to heart function (ANF, β-MCH, Ankrd-1, PKC-α, PKC-δ TNF-α); fibrosis (Col I-α1, Col III-α1, Fn-1, Timp1) and apoptosis (P53, Casp-3) without changing heart weight but with 68% increase in collagen content. High (sub-toxic) dose of Ang II resulted in marked heart remodeling and diastolic dysfunction after ischemia without significant myocyte hypertrophy or ventricular chamber dilatation. Although there were some gender-dependent differences in gene expression, female gender did not protect against the overall response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Aljabri
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway.
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Aljabri MB, Songstad NT, Lund T, Serrano MC, Andreasen TV, Al-Saad S, Lindal S, Sitras V, Acharya G, Ytrehus K. Pregnancy protects against antiangiogenic and fibrogenic effects of angiotensin II in rat hearts. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 201:445-56. [PMID: 21281454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the difference between physiological and pathological cardiac remodelling induced, respectively, by pregnancy and angiotensin (Ang) II, and to test the hypothesis that pregnancy protects against Ang II effects. METHODS Female Wistar rats, pregnant (n = 12) and non-pregnant (n = 12), were implanted with mini-pumps containing saline (sham) or 150 ng kg(-1) min(-1) Ang II. Ten days later echocardiography and blood pressure measurement were performed. Expression of 22 genes was assessed using RT-PCR. Microscopic sections of LV were prepared to determine collagen content (Sirius Red staining), vessel density (β-actin immunolabelling) and myocytes diameter (Toluidine Blue). RESULTS Heart weight (HW) was increased in Ang II treated groups compared with their controls. Furthermore, HW of Ang II treated pregnant rats (1.0 ± 0.03 g) was higher than that in non-pregnant sham (0.7 ± 0.02 g), pregnant (0.8 ± 0.01 g) and Ang II treated non-pregnant (0.8 ± 0.02 g) rats. Relative LV wall thickness showed similar pattern. Aortic pressure was significantly increased in Ang II groups. Collagen content was increased in Ang II (4.0 ± 0.5%) compared with sham (1.5 ± 0.1%) but reduced again when treated rats were pregnant (2.8 ± 0.4%). Vessel density was reduced by 47.8% after Ang II treatment in non-pregnant and by only 13.9% in pregnant rats. Gene expression analysis showed increased expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), anykrin repeat domain-containing protein 1 (Ankrd-1), protein kinase C-α and -δ and tumour suppressor gene TP53 (p53) in Ang II treated groups and upregulation of ANF, BNP and Ankrd-1 remained when pregnancy was combined with Ang II. Pregnancy reduced expression of: α-myosin heavy chain, tumour necrosis factor-α, p53, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSION Pregnancy seems to counteract the detrimental effects of Ang II on fibrosis and angiogenesis in heart. In addition, pregnancy and Ang II lead to partly opposite changes in the expression of some genes important for heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Aljabri
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Norway.
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Labriola M, Holte KA, Christensen KB, Feveile H, Alexanderson K, Lund T. The attribution of work environment in explaining gender differences in long-term sickness absence: results from the prospective DREAM study. Occup Environ Med 2011; 68:703-5. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.2010.060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Oskam IC, Lund T, Santos RR. Irreversible Damage in Ovine Ovarian Tissue after Cryopreservation in Propanediol: Analyses after In Vitro Culture and Xenotransplantation. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:793-9. [PMID: 21272097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I C Oskam
- Section for Reproductive Medicine Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Fritts DC, Goldstein D, Lund T. High-resolution numerical studies of stable boundary layer flows in a closed basin: Evolution of steady and oscillatory flows in an axisymmetric Arizona Meteor Crater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lund T, Mangsbo SM, Scholz H, Gjorstrup P, Tötterman TH, Korsgren O, Foss A. Resolvin E1 Reduces Proinflammatory Markers in Human Pancreatic Islets in vitro. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2010; 118:237-44. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Scholz H, Lund T, Dahle MK, Collins JL, Korsgren O, Wang JE, Foss A. The synthetic liver X receptor agonist GW3965 reduces tissue factor production and inflammatory responses in human islets in vitro. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1352-62. [PMID: 19415233 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Optimising islet culture conditions may be one strategy for reducing islet loss prior to, and immediately after, islet transplantation. Liver X receptor (LXR) agonism has previously been shown to increase insulin release from pancreatic islets and reduce inflammation in leucocytes. Our aim was to investigate whether the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 could modulate the inflammatory status of human pancreatic islets. METHODS Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor in isolated human islets were determined by TaqMan low density array and/or real-time quantitative RT-PCR (mRNA levels) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (protein levels). Islet viability was measured using intracellular ATP content, ADP/ATP ratio, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (XTT assay) and insulin secretion in a dynamic glucose-challenge model. Apoptosis was determined by EIA measurement of histone-DNA complexes present in cytoplasm and by assaying caspase-3/-7 activity. RESULTS Treatment of LPS-stimulated human islets with the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 (1 micromol/l) for 24 h reduced mRNA and protein levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tissue factor). Moreover, GW3965 had no adverse effect on insulin secretion, islet viability or apoptosis. No excess of lipid accumulation could be detected with the dosage and exposure time used. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION LXR activation suppresses inflammation in human islets in vitro without adverse effects on islet viability. Short-term moderate activation of LXR prior to islet transplantation may represent a possible strategy for improving post-transplant islet survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scholz
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, Norway.
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Sondergaard TE, Pedersen PT, Andersen TL, Søe K, Lund T, Ostergaard B, Garnero P, Delaisse JM, Plesner T. A phase II clinical trial does not show that high dose simvastatin has beneficial effect on markers of bone turnover in multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol 2009; 27:17-22. [PMID: 18668701 DOI: 10.1002/hon.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the impact of low dose statin (20-80 mg/day) on bone metabolism with inconclusive results despite promising data of preclinical studies. In this study, we investigated the effect of high dose simvastatin (HD-Sim) on biochemical markers of bone turnover and disease activity in six heavily pretreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM). These patients were treated with simvastatin (15 mg/kg/day) for 7 days followed by a rest period of 21 days in two 4-week cycles. Endpoints were changes in the level of biochemical markers of (i) osteoclast activity (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, TRACP); (ii) bone resorption (collagen fragments CTX and NTX); (iii) bone formation (osteocalcin and aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen PINP); (iv) cholesterol; (v) regulators of bone metabolism [osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1)] and (vi) disease activity (monoclonal proteins or free light chains in serum). TRACP activity in serum and levels of collagen fragments (NTX) in urine increased for all patients temporarily during the 7 days of treatment with HD-Sim indicating that osteoclasts may have been stimulated rather than inhibited. The other markers of bone metabolism showed no change. None of the patients showed any reduction in free monoclonal light chains or monoclonal proteins in serum during treatment with HD-Sim. In spite of the fact that bone turn over effects of HD-Sim may have been blunted by concomitant treatment of patients with other drugs we observed a transient increase in markers of osteoclast activity. This sign of a transient stimulation of osteoclast activity suggests that HD-Sim may be harmful rather than beneficial for MM patients. For this reason and because of gastro-intestinal side effects the study was stopped prematurely.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Sondergaard
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, IRS-CSFU, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
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Lund T, Kivimäki M, Christensen KB, Labriola M. Socio-economic differences in the association between sickness absence and mortality: the prospective DREAM study of Danish private sector employees. Occup Environ Med 2008; 66:150-3. [PMID: 18805885 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine duration of sickness absence as a risk marker for future mortality by socio-economic position among all private sector employees in Denmark in 1998-2004. METHODS All residents in Denmark employed in the private sector receiving sickness absence compensation in 1998 were investigated in a prospective cohort study. 236 207 persons (38.2% women, 61.8% men, age range 18-65, mean age 37.8 years) alive on 1 January 2001 were included in the study. Mortality from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2004 was assessed using national register data. Deaths in 1999 and 2000 were excluded to determine the status of sickness absence duration as an early risk marker. For analyses within occupational grades, data were available for a sub-population of 137 607 study participants. RESULTS 3040 persons died during follow-up. The age-adjusted risk of future mortality increased by duration of sickness absence in a graded fashion among men and non-blue collar workers. Among women and blue collar workers, there was no association of mortality with duration of sickness absences below 6 weeks. However, employees with > or =6 weeks of absence compared to those with 1-week absence had a substantial excess risk of death in all groups: adjusted hazard ratio 2.2 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.7) for women, 2.1 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.4) for men, 3.7 (95% CI 1.9 to 7.2) in white collar occupations, 3.3 (95% CI 2.2 to 5.0) in intermediate grade occupations and 2.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.3) in blue collar occupations. CONCLUSION Administratively collected data on sickness absence compensation for periods > or =6 weeks identified "at risk" groups for future excess mortality in male and female private sector employees across occupational grade levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lund
- Danish National Centre for Social Research, Herluf Trolles Gade 11, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
Asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and airway hyper-responsiveness are often found in elite athletes, perhaps as a consequence of their sport or maybe because asthma is a common disorder in young adults. Inhaled beta2-agonists (IBA) are frequently used in elite athletes, but due to regulations introduced by the International Olympic Committee, the use of anti-asthmatic therapy might change. Drugs that make ergogenic effect persist are prohibited in all athletes, whether or not they take part in competitions and systemic steroids and beta2-agonists are among such drugs. On the other hand, opinion is more divided about the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and IBA. In humans, no effect has been found on the oxygen uptake, performance or distance run with therapeutic doses of IBA, either in asthmatics or non-asthmatics, whereas others report an ergogenic effect and better lung function of high doses of a beta2-agonist in non-asthmatics. Anti-asthmatic treatment is necessary for asthmatics, but should not be used by non-asthmatic elite athletes due to both possible systemic effects and furthermore, side effects of both ICS and IBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Backer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
The objective was to determine the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms and asthma and the use of asthma medication in Danish elite athletes. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of Danish elite athletes was conducted in 2006. All elite athletes (N=418) financially supported by the national organization of elite athletes comprised the study group; 329 (79%) completed the questionnaire concerning their sport, asthma-like symptoms, asthma and use of asthma medication. Asthma-like symptoms at rest were reported by 41% of respondents; 55% reported asthma-like symptoms at rest or at exercise. Physician-diagnosed asthma was present in 16% and 14% had current asthma. Asthma medication was taken by 7% of the athletes, of whom 79% used inhaled corticosteroids and 21% used inhaled beta(2)-agonists only. Athletes participating in endurance sports had higher prevalences of current asthma (24%) and use of asthma medication (15%) than all other athletes (P<0.01). Athletes participating in endurance sports have a higher prevalence of asthma and use of asthma medication. The frequency of asthma medication is lower than the prevalence of current asthma indicating that there is no overuse of asthma medication among Danish elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lund
- Respiratory and Allergy Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bultmann U, Christensen KB, Burr H, Lund T, Rugulies R. Severe depressive symptoms as predictor of disability pension: a 10-year follow-up study in Denmark. Eur J Public Health 2008; 18:232-4. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckm132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Christensen KB, Labriola M, Lund T, Kivimaki M. Explaining the social gradient in long-term sickness absence: a prospective study of Danish employees. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008; 62:181-3. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.056135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Objective: To estimate the hazard ratio for disability pension associated with shift work. Methods: Cohorts of shift and day workers were identified in three waves of the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study and followed up for incidence of disability pension in a national register of social transfer payment. A total of 3980 female and 4025 male employees were included in the cohorts. Information about shift work status, age, smoking habits, body mass index and ergonomic work environment were updated according to responses in subsequent waves of the survey when possible. Respondents reporting shift work were classified as shift workers in the following waves as well. Respondents were followed in the register from the time of first interview and were censored at the time of their 60th birthday, emigration, death or end of follow-up (18 June 2006). The authors used the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios for incidence of disability pension and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The authors observed 253 new disability pensions among women and 173 among men during 56 903 and 57 886 person-years at risk respectively, Among women, shift work predicted disability after adjustment for age, general health and socioeconomic status HR 1.39 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.82). After further adjustment for body mass index, smoking habits, socioeconomic status and ergonomic exposures the association remained statistically significant HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.75). Shift work was not associated with disability among men. Conclusion: Shift work might be moderately associated with disability pension among women; however, more powerful studies are needed to establish the possible association.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tüchsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Haefeli M, Elfering A, Aebi M, Freeman BJC, Fritzell P, Guimaraes Consciencia J, Lamartina C, Mayer M, Lund T, Boos N. What comprises a good outcome in spinal surgery? A preliminary survey among spine surgeons of the SSE and European spine patients. Eur Spine J 2007; 17:104-16. [PMID: 17990007 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-007-0541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Standardized and validated self-administered outcome-instruments are broadly used in spinal surgery. Despite a plethora of articles on outcome research, no systematic evaluation is available on what actually comprises a good outcome in spinal surgery from the patients' and surgeons' perspective, respectively. However, this is a prerequisite for improving outcome instruments. In performing a cross-sectional survey among spine patients from different European regions and spine surgeons of the SSE, the study attempted (1) to identify the most important domains determining a good outcome from a patients' as well as a surgeon's perspective, and (2) to explore regional differences in the identified domains. For this purpose, a structured interview was performed among 30 spine surgeons of the SSE and 353 spine surgery patients (representing Northern, Central and Southern Europe) to investigate their criteria for a good outcome. A qualitative and descriptive approach was used to evaluate the data. Results revealed a high agreement on what comprises a good outcome among surgeons and patients, respectively. The main parameters determining good outcome were achieving the patients' expectations/satisfaction, pain relief, improvement of disability and social reintegration. Younger patients more often expected a complete pain relief, an improved work capacity, and better social life participation. Patients in southern Europe more often wanted to improve work capacity compared to those from central and northern European countries. No substantial differences were found when patients' and surgeons' perspective were compared. However, age and differences in national social security and health care system ("black flags") have an impact on what is considered a good outcome in spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haefeli
- Centre for Spinal Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe differences between allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) in a large community-based sample of Danish adolescents and adults. METHODS A total of 1,186 subjects, 14-44 years of age, who in a screening questionnaire had reported a history of airway symptoms suggestive of asthma and/or allergy, or who were taking any medication for these conditions were clinically examined. All participants were interviewed about respiratory symptoms and furthermore skin test reactivity, lung function and airway responsiveness were measured using standard techniques. RESULTS A total of 77% of the subjects with rhinitis had AR, whereas 23% had NAR. Subjects with NAR were more likely to be females, OR = 2.05 (1.31-3.20), P = 0.002, to have persistent symptoms within the last 4 weeks, OR = 1.88 (1.23-2.89), P = 0.003, and to have recurring headaches, OR = 1.94, (1.12-3.37), P = 0.019. On the other hand, subjects with NAR were less likely to have airway hyperresponsiveness, OR = 0.40, (0.24-0.66), P < 0.001, food allergy, OR = 0.40, (0.19-0.36), P = 0.009 and to have been treated with antihistamines in the last 4 weeks, OR = 0.22, (0.13-0.38), P < 0.001 compared with subjects with AR. Subjects with AR were symptomatically worse within their season in terms of sneezing (P < 0.001) and itchy eyes (P < 0.001), compared to subjects with NAR, whereas nasal congestion and rhinorrhea were equally frequent in the two groups (P = 0.901 and P = 0.278, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of subjects with NAR in an adolescent and adult population with rhinitis is around one-fourth. Women have NAR twice as often as men. In general, subjects with NAR have more persistent but equally severe symptoms compared to subjects with AR. However, subjects with AR have more sneezing and itchy eyes within their particular season of allergy compared to subjects with NAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mølgaard
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Backer V, Harmsen L, Lund T, Pedersen L, Porsbjerg C, Rasmussen L, Thomsen SF, Nolte H. A 3-year longitudinal study of asthma quality of life in undiagnosed and diagnosed asthma patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:463-9. [PMID: 17394695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Juniper's Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire with standardised activities (AQLQ(S)) is commonly used to evaluate the effect of interventions in pharmaceutical trials, but rarely, if ever, used clinically in long-term follow-up of undiagnosed or diagnosed asthma patients. DESIGN The AQLQ(S) was administered to 493 asthma patients who were randomised to treatment in primary or specialist care over a 3-year period. RESULTS Of the 493 patients, 249 had not been diagnosed before screening and 244 had a doctor's diagnosis of asthma. At entry, known patients had a lower total AQLQ(S) score (median 6.03, 95%CI 3.9-7.0) than undiagnosed patients (median 6.54, 95%CI 4.8-7.0, P < 0.001). Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids induced lower scores (median 5.7, 95%CI 3.5-7.0) than no treatment (median 6.5, 95%CI 4.8-7.0, P < 0.01). Half of the patients (n = 260) were randomly invited to participate in a follow-up survey in a specialist setting. In the first 3 months of follow-up, a decrease in AQLQ(S) score among the undiagnosed patients (median -0.24, 95%CI -1.6-0.9, P = 0.02) was observed. After 3 years, the score improved significantly (by >0.5 points) in 45% of the undiagnosed patients (n = 107) compared to 26% of the known patients (n = 116, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The initial total AQLQ(S) score was higher in undiagnosed asthma patients. After diagnosis the AQLQ(S) initially decreased but then increased, followed by an overall improvement that exceeded that of the known asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Backer
- Respiratory and Allergy Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Copenhagen, HS Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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Abstract
The heterodimeric 'pregnancy-specific' hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been used as the basis for a contraceptive vaccine. More recently, the observation that hCG, particularly in the form of the beta-chain expressed in the absence of alpha-chain, is aberrantly expressed in a number of different tumors has opened up a second potential application for such vaccines. Drawbacks of the currently available vaccines are that they are either relatively weakly immunogenic or that they induce antibodies that cross-react with human leuteinizing hormone (hLH). We have explored the possibility of creating mutated versions of the hCG beta-chain with improved immunologic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Delves
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom.
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Foss P, Lund T, Boreng R, Bjornestad EO. Development and Testing of Xanthan Products for Eor-Applications in the North Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2516/ogst:1990009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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O'Shea H, Yousaf N, Altmann D, Fehervari Z, Tonks P, Hetherington C, Harach S, Bland C, Cooke A, Lund T. Effect of X- and Y-box deletions on the development of diabetes in H-2Ealpha-chain transgenic nonobese diabetic mice. Scand J Immunol 2006; 63:17-25. [PMID: 16398697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.001701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is influenced by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. The NOD-E transgenic mouse, which expresses H2-E as a result of the introduction of an Ead gene, is protected from development of type 1 diabetes. While the mechanism of protection remains unclear, the effect has been regarded as a model system for MHC protection from autoimmunity. We have investigated the effect of deletions of the Ea promoter region, which, in turn, affect H2-E expression patterns in transgenic NOD mice. We have constructed transgenic NOD mice where the X (DeltaX) and Y (DeltaY) boxes of the Ead gene have, respectively, been functionally deleted. Previous reports, using X- or Y-box-deleted H2-E transgenic mice, made by crossing the appropriate transgenes onto the NOD background from C57BL/6 transgenic mice, indicated that promoter mutation abrogated the H2-E-mediated protection seen in NOD-E. The NOD DeltaX and NOD DeltaY transgenic mice generated in the present study differ in susceptibility to diabetes from wild-type NOD mice. NOD DeltaY1 animals are protected from diabetes development, while DeltaX mice remain susceptible, albeit to a lesser extent than the parental NOD strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O'Shea
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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