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Feister KF, Konstantinoff KS, Jokerst CE, Woodard PK, Lindley KJ, Russell TD, Bhalla S. Cardiothoracic Conditions with Female Preponderance: Case-based Imaging Review. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220115. [PMID: 37167091 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F Feister
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (K.F.F., K.S.K., P.K.W., S.B.), and Department of Pulmonology (T.D.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Ariz (C.E.J.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn (K.J.L.)
| | - Katerina S Konstantinoff
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (K.F.F., K.S.K., P.K.W., S.B.), and Department of Pulmonology (T.D.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Ariz (C.E.J.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn (K.J.L.)
| | - Clinton E Jokerst
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (K.F.F., K.S.K., P.K.W., S.B.), and Department of Pulmonology (T.D.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Ariz (C.E.J.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn (K.J.L.)
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (K.F.F., K.S.K., P.K.W., S.B.), and Department of Pulmonology (T.D.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Ariz (C.E.J.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn (K.J.L.)
| | - Kathryn J Lindley
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (K.F.F., K.S.K., P.K.W., S.B.), and Department of Pulmonology (T.D.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Ariz (C.E.J.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn (K.J.L.)
| | - Tonya D Russell
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (K.F.F., K.S.K., P.K.W., S.B.), and Department of Pulmonology (T.D.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Ariz (C.E.J.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn (K.J.L.)
| | - Sanjeev Bhalla
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (K.F.F., K.S.K., P.K.W., S.B.), and Department of Pulmonology (T.D.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Ariz (C.E.J.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn (K.J.L.)
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Castro Segura N, Knigge C, Long KS, Altamirano D, Armas Padilla M, Bailyn C, Buckley DAH, Buisson DJK, Casares J, Charles P, Combi JA, Cúneo VA, Degenaar ND, Del Palacio S, Díaz Trigo M, Fender R, Gandhi P, Georganti M, Gutiérrez C, Hernandez Santisteban JV, Jiménez-Ibarra F, Matthews J, Méndez M, Middleton M, Muñoz-Darias T, Özbey Arabacı M, Pahari M, Rhodes L, Russell TD, Scaringi S, van den Eijnden J, Vasilopoulos G, Vincentelli FM, Wiseman P. A persistent ultraviolet outflow from an accreting neutron star binary transient. Nature 2022; 603:52-57. [PMID: 35236977 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All disc-accreting astrophysical objects produce powerful disc winds. In compact binaries containing neutron stars or black holes, accretion often takes place during violent outbursts. The main disc wind signatures during these eruptions are blue-shifted X-ray absorption lines, which are preferentially seen in disc-dominated 'soft states'1,2. By contrast, optical wind-formed lines have recently been detected in 'hard states', when a hot corona dominates the luminosity3. The relationship between these signatures is unknown, and no erupting system has as yet revealed wind-formed lines between the X-ray and optical bands, despite the many strong resonance transitions in this ultraviolet (UV) region4. Here we report that the transient neutron star binary Swift J1858.6-0814 exhibits wind-formed, blue-shifted absorption lines associated with C IV, N V and He II in time-resolved UV spectroscopy during a luminous hard state, which we interpret as a warm, moderately ionized outflow component in this state. Simultaneously observed optical lines also display transient blue-shifted absorption. Decomposing the UV data into constant and variable components, the blue-shifted absorption is associated with the former. This implies that the outflow is not associated with the luminous flares in the data. The joint presence of UV and optical wind features reveals a multi-phase and/or spatially stratified evaporative outflow from the outer disc5. This type of persistent mass loss across all accretion states has been predicted by radiation-hydrodynamic simulations6 and helps to explain the shorter-than-expected duration of outbursts7.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Castro Segura
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - C Knigge
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K S Long
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Eureka Scientific, Inc., Oakland, CA, USA
| | - D Altamirano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Armas Padilla
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Bailyn
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D A H Buckley
- South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D J K Buisson
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Casares
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Charles
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J A Combi
- Instituto Argentino de Radioastronoma (CONICET; CICPBA; UNLP), Villa Elisa, Argentina
| | - V A Cúneo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N D Degenaar
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Del Palacio
- Instituto Argentino de Radioastronoma (CONICET; CICPBA; UNLP), Villa Elisa, Argentina
| | | | - R Fender
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Gandhi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Georganti
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - F Jiménez-Ibarra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Research Centre in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Astrophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Matthews
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Méndez
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Middleton
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Muñoz-Darias
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Özbey Arabacı
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Pahari
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - L Rhodes
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T D Russell
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Scaringi
- Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - J van den Eijnden
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Vasilopoulos
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, Strasbourg, France
| | - F M Vincentelli
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Wiseman
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Brody SL, Gunsten SP, Luehmann HP, Sultan DH, Hoelscher M, Heo GS, Pan J, Koenitzer JR, Lee EC, Huang T, Mpoy C, Guo S, Laforest R, Salter A, Russell TD, Shifren A, Combadiere C, Lavine KJ, Kreisel D, Humphreys BD, Rogers BE, Gierada DS, Byers DE, Gropler RJ, Chen DL, Atkinson JJ, Liu Y. Chemokine Receptor 2-targeted Molecular Imaging in Pulmonary Fibrosis. A Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:78-89. [PMID: 32673071 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1132oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive inflammatory lung disease without effective molecular markers of disease activity or treatment responses. Monocyte and interstitial macrophages that express the C-C motif CCR2 (chemokine receptor 2) are active in IPF and central to fibrosis.Objectives: To phenotype patients with IPF for potential targeted therapy, we developed 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i, a radiotracer to noninvasively track CCR2+ monocytes and macrophages using positron emission tomography (PET).Methods: CCR2+ cells were investigated in mice with bleomycin- or radiation-induced fibrosis and in human subjects with IPF. The CCR2+ cell populations were localized relative to fibrotic regions in lung tissue and characterized using immunolocalization, single-cell mass cytometry, and Ccr2 RNA in situ hybridization and then correlated with parallel quantitation of lung uptake by 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i PET.Measurements and Main Results: Mouse models established that increased 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i PET uptake in the lung correlates with CCR2+ cell infiltration associated with fibrosis (n = 72). As therapeutic models, the inhibition of fibrosis by IL-1β blockade (n = 19) or antifibrotic pirfenidone (n = 18) reduced CCR2+ macrophage accumulation and uptake of the radiotracer in mouse lungs. In lung tissues from patients with IPF, CCR2+ cells concentrated in perifibrotic regions and correlated with radiotracer localization (n = 21). Human imaging revealed little lung uptake in healthy volunteers (n = 7), whereas subjects with IPF (n = 4) exhibited intensive signals in fibrotic zones.Conclusions: These findings support a role for imaging CCR2+ cells within the fibrogenic niche in IPF to provide a molecular target for personalized therapy and monitoring.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03492762).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Combadiere
- INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Developmental Biology
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; and
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Sood S, Russell TD, Shifren A. Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Respir Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99975-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kulkarni HS, Gutierrez FR, Despotovic V, Russell TD. A 43-year-old man with antisynthetase syndrome presenting with acute worsening of dyspnea. Chest 2015; 147:e215-e219. [PMID: 26033135 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A 43-year-old man with antisynthetase syndrome was seen in our pulmonary clinic for worsening dyspnea. He was recently diagnosed with antisynthetase syndrome because he had nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis on a surgical lung biopsy and polymyositis associated with anti-Jo-1 and anti-SSA-52 autoantibodies. Along with his worsening dyspnea, he also had a dry cough, lower extremity edema, and abdominal distension. He had gained 11 kg over 1 month. He had been taking prednisone 40 mg daily 2 months prior, which had been recently weaned to 20 mg daily. He had also been on mycophenolate mofetil but had recently discontinued it on his own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis.
| | - Fernando R Gutierrez
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vladimir Despotovic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Tonya D Russell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
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Coghlan MA, Shifren A, Huang HJ, Russell TD, Mitra RD, Zhang Q, Wegner DJ, Cole FS, Hamvas A. Sequencing of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-related genes reveals independent single gene associations. BMJ Open Respir Res 2014; 1:e000057. [PMID: 25553246 PMCID: PMC4265083 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2014-000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies investigating a genetic basis for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have focused on resequencing single genes in IPF kindreds or cohorts to determine the genetic contributions to IPF. None has investigated interactions among the candidate genes. Objective To compare the frequencies and interactions of mutations in six IPF-associated genes in a cohort of 132 individuals with IPF with those of a disease-control cohort of 192 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the population represented in the Exome Variant Server. Methods We resequenced the genes encoding surfactant proteins A2 (SFTPA2), and C (SFTPC), the ATP binding cassette member A3 (ABCA3), telomerase (TERT), thyroid transcription factor (NKX2-1) and mucin 5B (MUC5B) and compared the collapsed frequencies of rare (minor allele frequency <1%), computationally predicted deleterious variants in each cohort. We also genotyped a common MUC5B promoter variant that is over-represented in individuals with IPF. Results We found 15 mutations in 14 individuals (11%) in the IPF cohort: (SFTPA2 (n=1), SFTPC (n=5), ABCA3 (n=4) and TERT (n=5)). No individual with IPF had two different mutations, but one individual with IPF was homozygous for p.E292V, the most common ABCA3 disease-causing variant. We did not detect an interaction between any of the mutations and the MUC5B promoter variant. Conclusions Rare mutations in SFTPA2, SFTPC and TERT are collectively over-represented in individuals with IPF. Genetic analysis and counselling should be considered as part of the IPF evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A Coghlan
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Adrian Shifren
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Howard J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Tonya D Russell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics , Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Qunyuan Zhang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Daniel J Wegner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Aaron Hamvas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA ; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics , Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois , USA
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Mikols CL, Yan L, Norris JY, Russell TD, Khalifah AP, Hachem RR, Chakinala MM, Yusen RD, Castro M, Kuo E, Patterson GA, Mohanakumar T, Trulock EP, Walter MJ. IL-12 p80 is an innate epithelial cell effector that mediates chronic allograft dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:461-70. [PMID: 16728708 PMCID: PMC2648123 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200512-1886oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is the leading cause of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. We have demonstrated that respiratory viral infection is a bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome risk factor and virus-dependent injury induces expression of innate airway epithelial genes belonging to the interleukin (IL)-12 family. Thus, we hypothesized that epithelial cell IL-12 family members could mediate lung allograft dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We used mouse and human allograft specimens to evaluate the role of epithelial cell IL-12 family members in allograft dysfunction associated with and without viral infection. METHODS Murine and human IL-12 family members were characterized and manipulated in allografts and then correlated with epithelial cell injury, immune cell accumulation, and collagen deposition. RESULTS In a mouse model of lung transplantation, concurrent viral infection and allogeneic transplantation increased epithelial injury and this was followed by exaggerated accumulation of macrophages and collagen deposition. This virus-driven allograft dysfunction was associated with an epithelial innate response manifested by a synergistic increase in the production of the macrophage chemoattractant IL-12 p80 (p80), but not IL-12 or IL-23. Blockade or overexpression of donor epithelial p80 resulted in a corresponding abrogation or enhancement of macrophage accumulation and allograft dysfunction. We extended these findings to human recipients with viral infection and transplant bronchitis and again observed excessive epithelial p80 expression that correlated with increased macrophage accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These experiments support a role for an enhanced epithelial innate response as a central process in allograft dysfunction and identify the macrophage chemoattractant p80 as an innate epithelial effector of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Mikols
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Russell TD, Yan Q, Fan G, Khalifah AP, Bishop DK, Brody SL, Walter MJ. IL-12 p40 homodimer-dependent macrophage chemotaxis and respiratory viral inflammation are mediated through IL-12 receptor beta 1. J Immunol 2004; 171:6866-74. [PMID: 14662893 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment to the airway lumen is a central feature of inflammatory conditions such as asthma and respiratory viral infection. Characterization of mediators that regulate leukocyte recruitment in these conditions revealed increased IL-12 p40 homodimer (p80) levels were associated with enhanced airway macrophage accumulation. To examine this association, we used in vivo and in vitro assays to demonstrate p80, but not IL-12 or p40, provided a macrophage chemoattractant signal. Macrophages from genetically deficient mice indicated p80-dependent chemotaxis was independent of IL-12 and required IL-12Rbeta1 (Rbeta1) expression. Furthermore, analysis of murine cell lines and primary culture macrophages revealed Rbeta1 expression, with an intact cytoplasmic tail, was necessary and sufficient to mediate p80-dependent chemotaxis. To examine the role for Rbeta1 in mediating macrophage accumulation in vivo, we contrasted Sendai virus-driven airway inflammation in wild-type and Rbeta1-deficient mice. Despite similar viral burden and production of the macrophage chemoattractant p80, the Rbeta1-deficient mice displayed a selective decrease in airway macrophage accumulation and resistance to viral-dependent mortality. Thus, Rbeta1 mediates p80-dependent macrophage chemotaxis and inhibition of the p80-Rbeta1 interaction may provide a novel anti-inflammatory strategy to manipulate the inflammation associated with asthma and respiratory viral infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Chemotactic Factors/chemistry
- Chemotactic Factors/physiology
- Chemotaxis/immunology
- Cytoplasm/chemistry
- Cytoplasm/genetics
- Dimerization
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Interleukin-12/chemistry
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/virology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/cytology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Protein Subunits/chemistry
- Protein Subunits/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-12
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Respiratory Tract Infections/genetics
- Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology
- Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology
- Respirovirus Infections/genetics
- Respirovirus Infections/immunology
- Respirovirus Infections/pathology
- Sendai virus/immunology
- Sequence Deletion
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya D Russell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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