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Owen EJ, Patel S, Flannery O, Dew TP, O'Connor LM. Derivation and Validation of a Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake Prediction Model to Identify Targets for Biomarker Discovery Using the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. J Nutr 2021; 151:962-969. [PMID: 33484153 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary assessments in research and clinical settings are largely reliant on self-reported questionnaires. It is acknowledged that these are subject to measurement error and biases and that objective approaches would be beneficial. Dietary biomarkers have been purported as a complementary approach to improve the accuracy of dietary assessments. Tentative biomarkers have been identified for many individual fruits and vegetables (FVs), but an objective total FV intake assessment tool has not been established. OBJECTIVES To derive and validate a prediction model of total FV intake (TFVpred) to inform future biomarker studies. METHODS Data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) were used for this analysis. A modeling group (MG) consisting of participants aged >11 years from the NDNS years 5-6 was created (n = 1746). Intake data for 96 FVs were analyzed by stepwise regression to derive a model that satisfied 3 selection criteria: SEE ≤80, R2 >0.7, and ≤10 predictors. The TFVpred model was validated using comparative data from a validation group (VG) created from the NDNS years 7-8 (n = 1865). Pearson's correlation coefficients were assessed between observed and predicted values in the MG and VG. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between TFVpred estimates and total FV intake. RESULTS A TFVpred model, comprised of tomatoes, apples, carrots, bananas, pears, strawberries, and onions, satisfied the selection criteria (R2 = 0.761; SEE = 78.81). Observed and predicted total FV intake values were positively correlated in the MG (r = 0.872; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.761) and the VG (r = 0.838; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.702). In the MG and VG, 95.0% and 94.9%, respectively, of TFVpred model residuals were within the limits of agreement. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of a concise FV list can be used to predict total FV intakes in a UK population. The individual FVs included in the TFVpred model present targets for biomarker discovery aimed at objectively assessing total FV intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Owen
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Sumaiya Patel
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Orla Flannery
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan P Dew
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M O'Connor
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Salas-González I, Reyt G, Flis P, Custódio V, Gopaulchan D, Bakhoum N, Dew TP, Suresh K, Franke RB, Dangl JL, Salt DE, Castrillo G. Coordination between microbiota and root endodermis supports plant mineral nutrient homeostasis. Science 2021; 371:science.abd0695. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isai Salas-González
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guilhem Reyt
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Paulina Flis
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Valéria Custódio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidad de Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Gopaulchan
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Niokhor Bakhoum
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Tristan P. Dew
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Kiran Suresh
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rochus Benni Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeffery L. Dangl
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David E. Salt
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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Farrar MD, Huq R, Mason S, Nicolaou A, Clarke KA, Dew TP, Williamson G, Watson REB, Rhodes LE. Oral green tea catechins do not provide photoprotection from direct DNA damage induced by higher dose solar simulated radiation: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:414-416. [PMID: 29332714 PMCID: PMC5785335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Farrar
- Centre for Dermatology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raqib Huq
- Centre for Dermatology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Mason
- Centre for Dermatology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kayleigh A Clarke
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan P Dew
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Clarke KA, Dew TP, Watson REB, Farrar MD, Osman JE, Nicolaou A, Rhodes LE, Williamson G. Green tea catechins and their metabolites in human skin before and after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 27:203-10. [PMID: 26454512 PMCID: PMC4694608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids may protect against sunburn inflammation in skin. Preliminary reports using less complete analysis suggest that certain catechins and their metabolites are found in skin biopsies and blister fluid after consumption of green tea; however, it is not known if they are affected by solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) or whether conjugated forms, with consequently altered bioactivity, are present. The present study tested the hypothesis that UVR affects the catechin levels in the skin of healthy volunteers after consumption of green tea and how catechins in the plasma are related to their presence in skin tissue samples. In an open oral intervention study, 11 subjects consumed green tea and vitamin C supplements daily for 3months. Presupplementation and postsupplementation plasma samples, suction blister fluid and skin biopsies were collected; the latter two samples were collected both before and after UVR. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric assay was used to measure the intact catechin metabolites, conjugates and free forms. Seven green tea catechins and their corresponding metabolites were identified postsupplementation in skin biopsies, 20 in blister fluid and 26 in plasma, with 15 green tea catechin metabolites present in both blister fluid and plasma. The valerolactone, O-methyl-M4-O-sulfate, a gut microbiota metabolite of catechins, was significantly increased 1.6-fold by UVR in blister fluid samples. In conclusion, there were some common catechin metabolites in the plasma and blister fluid, and the concentration was always higher in plasma. The results suggest that green tea catechins and metabolites are bioavailable in skin and provide a novel link between catechin metabolites derived from the skin and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh A Clarke
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan P Dew
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Photobiology Unit, Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Farrar
- Photobiology Unit, Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Osman
- Photobiology Unit, Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit, Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Farrar MD, Nicolaou A, Clarke KA, Mason S, Massey KA, Dew TP, Watson REB, Williamson G, Rhodes LE. A randomized controlled trial of green tea catechins in protection against ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:608-15. [PMID: 26178731 PMCID: PMC4548173 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe systemic protection from the health hazards of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight is desirable. Green tea is consumed globally and is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be mediated through the impact on cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Recent data suggest that green tea catechins (GTCs) reduce acute UVR effects, but human trials examining their photoprotective potential are scarce. OBJECTIVE We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine whether GTCs protect against clinical, histologic, and biochemical indicators of UVR-induced inflammation. DESIGN Healthy adults (aged 18-65 y, phototypes I-II) were randomly allocated to 1350 mg encapsulated green tea extract (540 mg GTC) with 50 mg vitamin C or placebo twice daily for 3 mo. Impact on skin erythema, dermal leukocytic infiltration, and concentrations of proinflammatory eicosanoids was assessed after solar-simulated UVR challenge, and subject compliance was determined through assay of urinary GTC metabolite epigallocatechin glucuronide. RESULTS Volunteers were assigned to the active (n = 25) or the placebo (n = 25) group. After supplementation, median (IQR) sunburn threshold (minimal erythema dose) was 28 (20-28) and 20 (20-28) mJ/cm(2) in the active and placebo groups, respectively (nonsignificant), with no difference in AUC analysis for measured erythema index after a geometric series of 10 UVR doses. Skin immunohistochemistry showed increased neutrophil and CD3(+) T-lymphocyte numbers post-UVR in both groups (P < 0.01) with no statistically significant differences between groups after supplementation. Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites prostaglandin E2 (vasodilator) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoicacid (chemoattractant), respectively, increased after UVR (P < 0.05), with no differences between supplementation groups. CONCLUSION Oral GTC (1080 mg/d) with vitamin C over 3 mo did not significantly reduce skin erythema, leukocyte infiltration, or eicosanoid response to UVR inflammatory challenge. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01032031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Farrar
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kayleigh A Clarke
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah Mason
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Massey
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan P Dew
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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Actis-Goretta L, Dew TP, Lévèques A, Pereira-Caro G, Rein M, Teml A, Schäfer C, Hofmann U, Schwab M, Eichelbaum M, Crozier A, Williamson G. Gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism of hesperetin-7-O
-rutinoside and hesperetin-7-O
-glucoside in healthy humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1651-62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tristan P. Dew
- Faculty of Life Sciences; Bradford School of Pharmacy; University of Bradford; Bradford UK
| | | | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Technology; Postharvest and Food Industry; IFAPA-Alameda del Obispo; Córdoba Spain
| | - Maarit Rein
- Nestlé Research Center; Nestec Ltd; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alexander Teml
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Christian Schäfer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Robert Bosch Hospital; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Michel Eichelbaum
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
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Clarke KA, Dew TP, Watson REB, Farrar MD, Bennett S, Nicolaou A, Rhodes LE, Williamson G. High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry dual extraction method for identification of green tea catechin metabolites excreted in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 972:29-37. [PMID: 25306116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous analysis of free-form and conjugated flavonoids in the same sample is difficult but necessary to properly estimate their bioavailability. A method was developed to optimise the extraction of both free and conjugated forms of catechins and metabolites in a biological sample following the consumption of green tea. A double-blind randomised controlled trial was performed in which 26 volunteers consumed daily green tea and vitamin C supplements and 24 consumed a placebo for 3 months. Urine was collected for 24h at 4 separate time points (pre- and post-consumption) to confirm compliance to the supplementation and to distinguish between placebo and supplementation consumption. The urine was assessed for both free and conjugated metabolites of green tea using LC-MS(2) analysis, after a combination extraction method, which involved an ethyl acetate extraction followed by an acetonitrile protein precipitation. The combination method resulted in a good recovery of EC-O-sulphate (91±7%), EGC-O-glucuronide (94±6%), EC (95±6%), EGC (111±5%) and ethyl gallate (74±3%). A potential total of 55 catechin metabolites were investigated, and of these, 26 conjugated (with methyl, glucuronide or sulphate groups) and 3 free-form (unconjugated) compounds were identified in urine following green tea consumption. The majority of EC and EGC conjugates significantly increased post-consumption of green tea in comparison to baseline (pre-supplementation) samples. The conjugated metabolites associated with the highest peak areas were O-methyl-EC-O-sulphate and the valerolactones M6/M6'-O-sulphate. In line with previous studies, EC and EGC were only identified as conjugated derivatives, and EGCG and ECG were not found as mono-conjugated or free-forms. In summary, the method reported here provides a good recovery of catechin compounds and is appropriate for use in the assessment of flavonoid bioavailability, particularly for biological tissues that may contain endogenous deconjugating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh A Clarke
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tristan P Dew
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Mark D Farrar
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Susan Bennett
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- School of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Dew TP, Wang G, Williamson G. Urinary excretion of ginkgolide terpene lactones following acute consumption of Ginkgo biloba extract. Biofactors 2014; 40:268-74. [PMID: 24255015 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Urinary biomarkers of plant food supplement (PFS) exposure/intake represent an accurate, objective tool for determining PFS consumption in humans with applications ranging from epidemiology to subject compliance in clinical trials. Ginkgo biloba remains one of the worlds most popular PFS, yet few studies have investigated the uptake and metabolism of its primary unique bioactives: the terpene lactones. To this end, we conducted a dual-dose, acute crossover intervention using G. biloba supplements in healthy participants (n = 12). Pooled 24-H urine samples were analyzed by triple quadrupole LC-MS-MS. We observed that bilobalide and ginkgolides A and B were passed into urine intact and in a dose-dependent manner. Low levels of intact ginkgolides C and J were also excreted. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report intact ginkgolide J in urine following oral consumption of ginkgo supplements and is also the first to account for excreted terpene lactones as a proportion of dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan P Dew
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Bradford School of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Farrell TL, Poquet L, Dew TP, Barber S, Williamson G. Predicting Phenolic Acid Absorption in Caco-2 Cells: A Theoretical Permeability Model and Mechanistic Study. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:397-406. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.041665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Farrell TL, Dew TP, Poquet L, Hanson P, Williamson G. Absorption and Metabolism of Chlorogenic Acids in Cultured Gastric Epithelial Monolayers. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:2338-46. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Atkinson NJ, Dew TP, Orfila C, Urwin PE. Influence of combined biotic and abiotic stress on nutritional quality parameters in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:9673-82. [PMID: 21830786 DOI: 10.1021/jf202081t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Induction of abiotic stress in tomato plants has been proposed as a mechanism for improving the nutritional quality of fruits. However, the occurrence of biotic stress can interfere with normal abiotic stress responses. In this study, the combined effect of water stress and infection with plant-parasitic nematodes on the nutritional quality of tomato was investigated. Plants were exposed to one or both stresses, and the levels of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and sugars in fruits were analyzed as well as physiological responses. Levels of carotenoids lycopene and β-carotene were lower in water-stressed tomatoes but exhibited a different response pattern under combined stress. Nematode stress was associated with increased flavonoid levels, albeit with reduced yields, while chlorogenic acid was increased by nematodes, water stress, and the combined stress. Sugar levels were higher only in tomatoes exposed to both stresses. These results emphasize the importance of studying plant stress factors in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky J Atkinson
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Naz S, Siddiqi R, Dew TP, Williamson G. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits lactase but is alleviated by salivary proline-rich proteins. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:2734-2738. [PMID: 21348516 DOI: 10.1021/jf103072z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lactase phlorizin hydrolase is a small intestinal brush border enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the milk sugar, lactose, and also many flavonoid glucosides. We demonstrate that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal flavonoid from green tea, inhibits in vitro hydrolysis of lactose by intestinal lactase. We then tested the hypothesis that salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) could modulate this inhibition and stabilize EGCG. Inhibition by EGCG of digestive enzymes (α-amylase>chymotrypsin>trypsin>lactase≫pepsin) was alleviated ∼2-6-fold by PRPs. Furthermore, PRPs appeared stable to proteolysis and also stabilized EGCG under digestive conditions in vitro. This is the first report on EGCG inhibition of lactase, and it quantifies the protective role of PRPs against EGCG inhibition of digestive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahina Naz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Abstract
There is significant interest in the direct antioxidant activities of dietary polyphenols, due to associations between consumption of polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, and decreased incidence of oxidative-stress related disease. However, indirect antioxidant action, such as the inhibition of ROS-producing enzymes, may be equally relevant to health benefits through a general reduction in oxidative stress in vivo. To this end, the effects of food extracts and individual compounds on the in vitro activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) were assessed, many for the first time. Several compounds were shown to be potent inhibitors in vitro, including hesperetin and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate with IC50 values of 39 and 49 microM, respectively. Of the extracts, cranberry juice, purple grape juice, and black tea were the most potent, with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.5, and 5.8% of extracts, respectively. Some samples were shown to promote XO activity over the concentration ranges tested, including orange juice and pink grapefruit juice. Certain "inhibitors", such as purple grape juice and black tea, promoted XO activity at low concentration. The possible role of dietary inhibitors of XO in reducing oxidative stress in vivo is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan P Dew
- Procter Department of Food Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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