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Bunketorp-Käll L, Lundgren-Nilsson Å, Samuelsson H, Pekny T, Blomvé K, Pekna M, Pekny M, Blomstrand C, Nilsson M. Long-Term Improvements After Multimodal Rehabilitation in Late Phase After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Stroke 2017; 48:1916-1924. [PMID: 28619985 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.016433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Treatments that improve function in late phase after stroke are urgently needed. We assessed whether multimodal interventions based on rhythm-and-music therapy or horse-riding therapy could lead to increased perceived recovery and functional improvement in a mixed population of individuals in late phase after stroke. METHODS Participants were assigned to rhythm-and-music therapy, horse-riding therapy, or control using concealed randomization, stratified with respect to sex and stroke laterality. Therapy was given twice a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in participants' perception of stroke recovery as assessed by the Stroke Impact Scale with an intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary objective outcome measures were changes in balance, gait, grip strength, and cognition. Blinded assessments were performed at baseline, postintervention, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS One hundred twenty-three participants were assigned to rhythm-and-music therapy (n=41), horse-riding therapy (n=41), or control (n=41). Post-intervention, the perception of stroke recovery (mean change from baseline on a scale ranging from 1 to 100) was higher among rhythm-and-music therapy (5.2 [95% confidence interval, 0.79-9.61]) and horse-riding therapy participants (9.8 [95% confidence interval, 6.00-13.66]), compared with controls (-0.5 [-3.20 to 2.28]); P=0.001 (1-way ANOVA). The improvements were sustained in both intervention groups 6 months later, and corresponding gains were observed for the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Multimodal interventions can improve long-term perception of recovery, as well as balance, gait, grip strength, and working memory in a mixed population of individuals in late phase after stroke. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http//www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01372059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bunketorp-Käll
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.)
| | - Åsa Lundgren-Nilsson
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.)
| | - Hans Samuelsson
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.)
| | - Tulen Pekny
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.)
| | - Karin Blomvé
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.)
| | - Marcela Pekna
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.)
| | - Milos Pekny
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.)
| | - Christian Blomstrand
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.)
| | - Michael Nilsson
- From the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.B.-K., A.L.-N., H.S., T.P., M. Pekna, M. Pekny, C.B., M.N.); Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden (L.B.-K.); Stroke Center West, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (A.L.-N., C.B.); Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (H.S.); Occupational Health Care Unit (Hälsan och Arbetslivet), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.B.); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.); and Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Australia (M. Pekna, M. Pekny, M.N.).
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Stokowska A, Atkins AL, Morán J, Pekny T, Bulmer L, Pascoe MC, Barnum SR, Wetsel RA, Nilsson JA, Dragunow M, Pekna M. Complement peptide C3a stimulates neural plasticity after experimental brain ischaemia. Brain 2016; 140:353-369. [PMID: 27956400 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke induces endogenous repair processes that include proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and extensive rewiring of the remaining neural connections, yet about 50% of stroke survivors live with severe long-term disability. There is an unmet need for drug therapies to improve recovery by promoting brain plasticity in the subacute to chronic phase after ischaemic stroke. We previously showed that complement-derived peptide C3a regulates neural progenitor cell migration and differentiation in vitro and that C3a receptor signalling stimulates neurogenesis in unchallenged adult mice. To determine the role of C3a-C3a receptor signalling in ischaemia-induced neural plasticity, we subjected C3a receptor-deficient mice, GFAP-C3a transgenic mice expressing biologically active C3a in the central nervous system, and their respective wild-type controls to photothrombotic stroke. We found that C3a overexpression increased, whereas C3a receptor deficiency decreased post-stroke expression of GAP43 (P < 0.01), a marker of axonal sprouting and plasticity, in the peri-infarct cortex. To verify the translational potential of these findings, we used a pharmacological approach. Daily intranasal treatment of wild-type mice with C3a beginning 7 days after stroke induction robustly increased synaptic density (P < 0.01) and expression of GAP43 in peri-infarct cortex (P < 0.05). Importantly, the C3a treatment led to faster and more complete recovery of forepaw motor function (P < 0.05). We conclude that C3a-C3a receptor signalling stimulates post-ischaemic neural plasticity and intranasal treatment with C3a receptor agonists is an attractive approach to improve functional recovery after ischaemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stokowska
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alison L Atkins
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Javier Morán
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tulen Pekny
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Bulmer
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michaela C Pascoe
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott R Barnum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden .,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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