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Lense XM, Hiemke C, Funk CSM, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hefner G, Menke A, Mössner R, Riemer TG, Scherf-Clavel M, Schoretsanitis G, Gründer G, Hart XM. Venlafaxine's therapeutic reference range in the treatment of depression revised: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:275-289. [PMID: 37857898 PMCID: PMC10806172 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine is among the most prescribed antidepressant drugs worldwide and, according to guidelines, its dose titration should be guided by drug-level monitoring of its active moiety (AM) which consists of venlafaxine (VEN) plus active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). This indication of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), however, assumes a clear concentration/effect relationship for a drug, which for VEN has not been systematically explored yet. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between blood levels, efficacy, and adverse reactions in order to suggest an optimal target concentration range for VEN oral formulations for the treatment of depression. METHODS Four databases (MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched in March 2022 for relevant articles according to a previously published protocol. Reviewers independently screened references and performed data extraction and critical appraisal. RESULTS High-quality randomized controlled trials investigating concentration/efficacy relationships and studies using a placebo lead-in phase were not found. Sixty-eight articles, consisting mostly of naturalistic TDM studies or small noncontrolled studies, met the eligibility criteria. Of them, five cohort studies reported a positive correlation between blood levels and antidepressant effects after VEN treatment. Our meta-analyses showed (i) higher AM and (ii) higher ODV concentrations in patients responding to VEN treatment when compared to non-responders (n = 360, k = 5). AM concentration-dependent occurrence of tremor was reported in one study. We found a linear relationship between daily dose and AM concentration within guideline recommended doses (75-225 mg/day). The population-based concentration ranges (25-75% interquartile) among 11 studies (n = 3200) using flexible dosing were (i) 225-450 ng/ml for the AM and (ii) 144-302 ng/ml for ODV. One PET study reported an occupancy of 80% serotonin transporters for ODV serum levels above 85 ng/ml. Based on our findings, we propose a therapeutic reference range for AM of 140-600 ng/ml. CONCLUSION VEN TDM within a range of 140 to 600 ng/ml (AM) will increase the probability of response in nonresponders. A titration within the proposed reference range is recommended in case of non-response at lower drug concentrations as a consequence of VEN's dual mechanism of action via combined serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Drug titration towards higher concentrations will, however, increase the risk for ADRs, in particular with supratherapeutic drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Lense
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 68159 University J5, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - C Hiemke
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
| | - C S M Funk
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Hefner
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
- Vitos Clinic of Forensic Psychiatry, Eltville, Germany
| | - A Menke
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
- Psychosomatic Clinic Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau a. Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R Mössner
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T G Riemer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Scherf-Clavel
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Schoretsanitis
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Gründer
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 68159 University J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
| | - X M Hart
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 68159 University J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP), Working Group "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring", Munich, Germany
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Hart X, Hiemke C, Clement H, Conca A, Eichentopf L, Faltraco F, Florio V, Grüner J, Havemann-Reinecke U, Lense X, Molden E, Paulzen M, Riemer T, Schoretsanitis G, Gründer G. Therapeutic reference range for aripiprazole revised: A systematic
review and combined analysis. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.M. Hart
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - C. Hiemke
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
Mainz, Germany
| | - H.W. Clement
- University of Freiburg, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Conca
- Sanitario di Bolzano, Servizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio, Bolzano,
Italy
| | - L. Eichentopf
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - F. Faltraco
- University of Rostock, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Rostock, Germany
| | - V. Florio
- Sanitario di Bolzano, Servizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio, Bolzano,
Italy
| | - J. Grüner
- University of Freiburg, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
Freiburg, Germany
| | - U. Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University of
Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - X. Lense
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Germany
| | | | - M. Paulzen
- Alexianer Hospital Aachen, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and
Psychosomatics, Aachen, Germany
| | - T.G. Riemer
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,
Germany
| | - G. Schoretsanitis
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and
Psychosomatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Germany
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Wesner K, Hiemke C, Bergemann N, Gerlach M, Havemann-Reinecke U, Lense X, Riemer T, Schoretsanitis G, Uhr M, Zernig G, Gründer G, Hart X. The therapeutic reference range for olanzapine revised – how
to combine old and new findings. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Wesner
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - C. Hiemke
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
Mainz, Germany
| | - N. Bergemann
- AMEOS Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Bad
Salzuflen, Germany
| | - M. Gerlach
- Division of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - U. Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University of
Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - X.M. Lense
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - T.G. Riemer
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Charité – Medical University of Berlin, Free
University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin,
Germany
| | - G. Schoretsanitis
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and
Psychosomatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Uhr
- Clinical Laboratory, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich,
Germany
| | - G. Zernig
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, and Private Practice
for Psychotherapy and Court-Certified Witness, Hall in Tirol,
Austria
| | - G. Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - X.M. Hart
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Germany
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Lense X, Gründer G, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hefner G, Menke A, Mössner R, Scherf-Clavel M, Schoretsanitis G, Hiemke C, Hart X. Is it Time to Reevaluate the Therapeutic Reference Range for the
Antidepressant Drug Venlafaxine? PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.M. Lense
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging
| | - G. Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging
| | | | - G. Hefner
- Vitos Clinic of Forensic Psychiatry, Eltville
| | - A. Menke
- Department of Psychosomatics Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau a.
Chiemsee
| | - R. Mössner
- University of Tübingen, Department of Psychiatry und
Psychotherapy
| | - M. Scherf-Clavel
- University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry,
Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
| | - G. Schoretsanitis
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and
Psychosomatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Hiemke
- University of Mainz, Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy
| | - X.M. Hart
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging
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Eichentopf L, Hiemke C, Conca A, Engelmann J, Gerlach M, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hefner G, Florio V, Kuzin M, Lieb K, Reis M, Riemer T, Seretti A, Schoretsanitis G, Zernig G, Gründer G, Hart XM. Escitalopram: Drug monitoring for dose titration? Systematic
literature review on the therapeutic and the dose-related reference
range. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Eichentopf
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - C. Hiemke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine- University
Medical Center of Mainz, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Mainz,
Germany
| | - A. Conca
- Central Hospital- Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Department of
Psychiatry, Bolzano, Italy
| | - J. Engelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg
University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Gerlach
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry- Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg,
Germany
| | - U. Havemann-Reinecke
- University of Göttingen, Department of Psychiatry and
Psychosomatics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G. Hefner
- Vitos Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatry, Eltville,
Germany
| | - V. Florio
- Vitos Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatry, Eltville,
Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano,
Italy
| | - M. Kuzin
- Clienia Schlössli AG- Academic Teaching Hospital of the
University of Zurich, Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Private Clinic, Oetwil
am See, Switzerland
| | - K. Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center
Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Reis
- Department of Biomedical And Clinical Sciences, Linköping
University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Skåne
University hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - T.G. Riemer
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,
Germany
| | - A. Seretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of
Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Schoretsanitis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of
Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Zernig
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry, Innsbruck,
Austria
- Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Court-Certified Witness, Private
Practice for Psychotherapy and Court-Certified Witness, Hall in Tirol,
Austria
| | - G. Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - X. M. Hart
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular
Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim,
Germany
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Adamovic I, Vierke C, Boettcher M, Hiemke C, Havemann-Reinecke U. Drug interactions in patients undergoing opioid maintenance
therapy. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Adamovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center
Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Vierke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center
Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center
Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - U. Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center
Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center of Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of
the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Aim1.To present selfmedication of alcohol dependence related withdrawal symptoms with the plant powder kratom of Mitragynosa speciosa and treatment of kratom withdrawal symptoms.2.Pharmocological mechanisms of kratom.1.A alcohol and kratom dependent patient used kratom (15 g/d) to limit alcohol dependence related withdrawal symptoms and was admitted for withdrawal treatment. Kratom and urine was analysed by GCMS, withdrawal symptoms by Opioid Withdrawal Scale (OWS), sleep by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), mood by MADRS. Medical treatment was done with doxepine with one additional diazepam dos.2.3H-DAMGO radioligand binding assay of kratom, mitragynine and paynantheine with morphine transfected HEK 293 cells.ResultsGCMS-urine screening on day 1: mitragynine, paynantheine, on day 3: monochlorbenzodiazepine, doxepine. The patient benefits regarding sleep quality and quantity (PSQI day 6 (12), day 20 (6) and mental symptoms (MADRS on day 6 (18) and on day 20 (5). The OWS Score shifts from 17 (day 1) to 2 (day 14). The blood pressure and heart rate decrease from 150/90 and 100/bpm (day 2) to 100/70 and 64/bpm (day 14). The GCMS analysis of kratom showed five indolalcaloids: mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, paynantheine, speciogynine, speciofoline, and unspecific plant contents. The 3H-DAMGO-radioligand-bindungsassay of kratom-powder showed 350-fold less affinity to μ-opiatereceptor than morphine.ConclusionThe patient's selfmedication with kratom prevented alcohol withdrawal symptoms most probably by action on μ-opioidreceptors. 15 g of kratom seems to be equivalent to 45 mg of morphine. Withdrawl treatment with doxepine (and diazepam) clearly prevented withdrawal symptoms of dependence of kratom and alcohol.
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Adamovic I, Vierke C, Boettcher M, Hiemke C, Havemann-Reinecke U. 2 Drug interactions in patients undergoing opioid maintenance therapy. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Adamovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen
| | - C Vierke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen
| | | | - C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen
- DFG Research Center of Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB)
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Tomas-Roig J, Havemann-Reinecke U. Gene expression signature in brain regions exposed to long-term psychosocial stress following acute challenge with cannabinoid drugs. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:1-8. [PMID: 30476795 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to life stressors can overwhelm the body's capacity to restore homeostasis and result in severe negative consequences. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are highly expressed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and regulate both glucocorticoid signalling and neurotransmitter release. In rodents, WIN55212.2 is a full agonist at the cannabinoid receptor type-1, while Rimonabant is a potent and selective cannabinoid inverse agonist at this receptor. This study aims to investigate the effect of long-term psychosocial stress following acute challenge with cannabinoid drugs on gene expression in distinct brain regions; this is done by employing digital multiplexed gene expression analysis. We found that repeated stress increased cortical mRNA levels of dopamine receptor D2, while the expression of neuregulin-1 decreased in both the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Further, we found that the acute injection of the agonist WIN55212.2 reduced striatal levels of dopamine receptor D2, while the use of inverse agonist Rimonabant acted in the opposite direction. The analysis of the interaction between the drugs and repeated stress revealed that defeat mice treated with WIN55212.2 showed lower expression of a set of myelin-related genes, as did the expression of SRY-box 10 and dopamine receptors-D1 and -D2 in the prefrontal cortex when compared to vehicle. In addition, in the hippocampus of stressed mice treated with WIN55212.2, we found an elevated expression of oligodendrocyte transcription factor-1, -2 and zinc finger protein 488 when compared to vehicle. In comparison to vehicle, an increase in 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and oligodendrocyte transcription factor-1 occurred in the cerebellum of stressed animals treated with the agonist. Moreover, treatment with Rimonabant under the influence of stress induced an overexpression of a set of myelin-related genes in the prefrontal cortex when compared to WIN-treated animals. In conclusion, repeated stress interfered with the dopaminergic system in the prefrontal cortex. We demonstrated that the expression of dopamine receptor D2 in the striatum was mediated by the CB1 receptor. Stressed mice exposed to either WIN55212.2 or Rimonabant displayed pronounced deficits in CNS myelination. In addition, the pharmacological blockage of CB1 receptor in stressed mice deregulated the expression of dopamine receptors and might lead to dysfunctions in dopamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tomas-Roig
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Germany; Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany; Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEMTG), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Spain.
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Germany; Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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Uhlmann A, Bandelow B, Stein DJ, Bloch S, Engel KR, Havemann-Reinecke U, Wedekind D. Grey matter structural differences in alcohol-dependent individuals with and without comorbid depression/anxiety-an MRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:285-294. [PMID: 29372325 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although depression and anxiety disorders are common comorbid conditions in alcohol dependence, few structural brain imaging studies have compared alcohol-dependent subjects with and without such comorbidity. In the current study, brain scans of 35 alcohol-dependent with and 40 individuals without diagnosis of a comorbid ICD-10 depressive or anxiety disorder receiving detoxification inpatient treatment were evaluated. Thickness and volumes of automatically segmented neuroanatomical structures were measured in FreeSurfer. Furthermore, associations of brain structure with biological markers and clinical severity markers of alcohol dependence were assessed. Despite comparable addiction severity, the non-comorbid group had evidence of higher cytotoxic effects of alcohol use on hepatic and haematological markers, and showed significantly smaller volumes of total cerebral, and cerebellar grey matter. Similarly, they showed unexpected smaller hippocampal and nucleus accumbens volumes, and thinner frontal, temporal and occipital cortices. Smaller brain volumes correlated with increased markers of hepatic and haematological dysfunction, and with longer duration of alcohol dependence in the non-comorbid group. Evidence of higher biomarkers of alcohol use may be indicative of more severe alcohol dependence or higher vulnerability to ethanol toxicity in this group. Furthermore, psychopathology-related drug treatment, which occurred in 53% of the comorbid group over the recent years, or tissue inflammation may have a moderate effect on the grade of cerebral atrophy in alcohol-dependent patients. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this issue more fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Bandelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, University of Goettingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, University of Goettingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K R Engel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, University of Goettingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, University of Goettingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Nanomicroscopy and Molecular Biology of the Brain, CNMPB, Goettingen University Medical Centre, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, University of Goettingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Adamovic I, Havemann-Reinecke U. Drug interaction of methadone with oral contraceptive medication. Clinic, treatment and TDM. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Adamovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Hiemke C, Bergemann N, Clement HW, Conca A, Deckert J, Domschke K, Eckermann G, Egberts K, Gerlach M, Greiner C, Gründer G, Haen E, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hefner G, Helmer R, Janssen G, Jaquenoud E, Laux G, Messer T, Mössner R, Müller MJ, Paulzen M, Pfuhlmann B, Riederer P, Saria A, Schoppek B, Schoretsanitis G, Schwarz M, Gracia MS, Stegmann B, Steimer W, Stingl JC, Uhr M, Ulrich S, Unterecker S, Waschgler R, Zernig G, Zurek G, Baumann P. Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017. Pharmacopsychiatry 2018; 51:e1. [PMID: 29390205 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Bergemann
- Kitzberg Hospitals, Center for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - H W Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Conca
- Servizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - J Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Greiner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - G Gründer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Haen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Hefner
- Psychiatric Hospital, Vitos Klinik, Eichberg, Eltville, Germany
| | - R Helmer
- Center of Epilepsy, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - G Janssen
- Medical Laboratory Stein, Limbach Group, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - E Jaquenoud
- Psychiatric Hospital, Königsfelden, Brugg, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - G Laux
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Haag in Oberbayern, Germany
| | - T Messer
- Danuviuskliniken, Psychiatric Hospital, Pfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - R Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M J Müller
- Psychiatric Hospitals Oberberggruppe, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Pfuhlmann
- Psychiatric Hospital Weisser Hirsch, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Saria
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Schoppek
- kbo-Isar-Amper Klinikum München-Ost, Psychiatric Hospital, Munich-Haar, Germany
| | | | - M Schwarz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Silva Gracia
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - B Stegmann
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Steimer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Stingl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S Ulrich
- Aristo Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - G Zernig
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Court-Certified Witness, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - G Zurek
- Medical Laboratory Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - P Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Tomas-Roig J, Benito E, Agis-Balboa RC, Piscitelli F, Hoyer-Fender S, Di Marzo V, Havemann-Reinecke U. Chronic exposure to cannabinoids during adolescence causes long-lasting behavioral deficits in adult mice. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1778-1789. [PMID: 27578457 PMCID: PMC5697667 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Regular use of marijuana during adolescence enhances the risk of long-lasting neurobiological changes in adulthood. The present study was aimed at assessing the effect of long-term administration of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55212.2 during adolescence in young adult mice. Adolescent mice aged 5 weeks were subjected daily to the pharmacological action of WIN55212.2 for 3 weeks and were then left undisturbed in their home cage for a 5-week period and finally evaluated by behavioral testing. Mice that received the drug during adolescence showed memory impairment in the Morris water maze, as well as a dose-dependent memory impairment in fear conditioning. In addition, the administration of 3 mg/kg WIN55212.2 in adolescence increased adult hippocampal AEA levels and promoted DNA hypermethylation at the intragenic region of the intracellular signaling modulator Rgs7, which was accompanied by a lower rate of mRNA transcription of this gene, suggesting a potential causal relation. Although the concrete mechanisms underlying the behavioral observations remain to be elucidated, we demonstrate that long-term administration of 3 mg/kg of WIN during adolescence leads to increased endocannabinoid levels and altered Rgs7 expression in adulthood and establish a potential link to epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tomas-Roig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University of Göttingen; Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB); Germany
| | - E Benito
- Research Group for Epigenetic Mechanisms in Dementia; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Germany
| | - RC Agis-Balboa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Medical Center Göttingen; Germany
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur; Spain
| | - F Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry; Italy
| | - S Hoyer-Fender
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology; Developmental Biology; Germany
| | - V Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry; Italy
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University of Göttingen; Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB); Germany
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14
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Hiemke C, Bergemann N, Clement HW, Conca A, Deckert J, Domschke K, Eckermann G, Egberts K, Gerlach M, Greiner C, Gründer G, Haen E, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hefner G, Helmer R, Janssen G, Jaquenoud E, Laux G, Messer T, Mössner R, Müller MJ, Paulzen M, Pfuhlmann B, Riederer P, Saria A, Schoppek B, Schoretsanitis G, Schwarz M, Gracia MS, Stegmann B, Steimer W, Stingl JC, Uhr M, Ulrich S, Unterecker S, Waschgler R, Zernig G, Zurek G, Baumann P. Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017. Pharmacopsychiatry 2017; 51:9-62. [PMID: 28910830 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-116492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the quantification and interpretation of drug concentrations in blood to optimize pharmacotherapy. It considers the interindividual variability of pharmacokinetics and thus enables personalized pharmacotherapy. In psychiatry and neurology, patient populations that may particularly benefit from TDM are children and adolescents, pregnant women, elderly patients, individuals with intellectual disabilities, patients with substance abuse disorders, forensic psychiatric patients or patients with known or suspected pharmacokinetic abnormalities. Non-response at therapeutic doses, uncertain drug adherence, suboptimal tolerability, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical indications for TDM. However, the potential benefits of TDM to optimize pharmacotherapy can only be obtained if the method is adequately integrated in the clinical treatment process. To supply treating physicians and laboratories with valid information on TDM, the TDM task force of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) issued their first guidelines for TDM in psychiatry in 2004. After an update in 2011, it was time for the next update. Following the new guidelines holds the potential to improve neuropsychopharmacotherapy, accelerate the recovery of many patients, and reduce health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Bergemann
- Kitzberg Hospitals, Center for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - H W Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Conca
- Servizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - J Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Greiner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - G Gründer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Haen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Hefner
- Psychiatric Hospital, Vitos Klinik, Eichberg, Eltville, Germany
| | - R Helmer
- Center of Epilepsy, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - G Janssen
- Medical Laboratory Stein, Limbach Group, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - E Jaquenoud
- Psychiatric Hospital, Königsfelden, Brugg, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - G Laux
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Haag in Oberbayern, Germany
| | - T Messer
- Danuviuskliniken, Psychiatric Hospital, Pfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - R Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M J Müller
- Psychiatric Hospitals Oberberggruppe, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Pfuhlmann
- Psychiatric Hospital Weisser Hirsch, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Saria
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Schoppek
- kbo-Isar-Amper Klinikum München-Ost, Psychiatric Hospital, Munich-Haar, Germany
| | | | - M Schwarz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Silva Gracia
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - B Stegmann
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Steimer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Stingl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S Ulrich
- Aristo Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - G Zernig
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Court-Certified Witness, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - G Zurek
- Medical Laboratory Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - P Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Bouter Y, Brzózka M, Rohleder C, Rygula R, Leweke M, Wiltfang J, Havemann-Reinecke U. Effects of social defeat on the endocannabinoid system. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1606396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Bouter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Brzózka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Rohleder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R Rygula
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Leweke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Hoch E, Preuss UW, Kiefer F, Batra A, Gerlinger G, Hauth I. [On the legalization debate of non-medical cannabis consumption : Position paper of the German Association for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics]. Nervenarzt 2016; 88:291-298. [PMID: 27981374 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calls are increasing for the legalization of cannabis. Some legal experts, various politicians, political parties and associations are demanding a change in drug policy. The legalization debate is lively and receiving wide coverage in the media. The German Association for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (DGPPN) comments on the most important questions from a medical scientific perspective: can cannabis consumption trigger mental illnesses, what consequences would legalization have for the healthcare system and where is more research needed?
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Affiliation(s)
- U Havemann-Reinecke
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Deutschland. .,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Reinhardtstraße 27 B, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - E Hoch
- Abt. Psychotherapie & Psychosomatik, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LMU München, München, Deutschland.,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Reinhardtstraße 27 B, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - U W Preuss
- Vitos Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Herborn, Herborn, Deutschland.,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Reinhardtstraße 27 B, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - F Kiefer
- Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Reinhardtstraße 27 B, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - A Batra
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Reinhardtstraße 27 B, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - G Gerlinger
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Reinhardtstraße 27 B, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - I Hauth
- Zentrum für Neurologie, Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Alexianer St. Joseph Krankenhaus, Berlin, Deutschland.,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Reinhardtstraße 27 B, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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17
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Adamovic I, Timäus C, Havemann-Reinecke U. Drug interactions in chronic pain disorder, addiction and affective disorder. Clinic, treatment and TDM. Pharmacopsychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Tomas-Roig J, Piscitelli F, Gil V, del Río J, Moore T, Agbemenyah H, Salinas-Riester G, Pommerenke C, Lorenzen S, Beißbarth T, Hoyer-Fender S, Di Marzo V, Havemann-Reinecke U. Social defeat leads to changes in the endocannabinoid system: An overexpression of calreticulin and motor impairment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Wedekind D, Havemann-Reinecke U. Disulfiram and relapse-prevention in alcohol addiction. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Adamovic I, Timäus C, Klipper T, Havemann-Reinecke U. Stimulation of GABA-A (Diazepam) and GABA-B (Baclofen) receptor by a benzodiazepine depended patient: intoxication, clinic, treatment – a case report. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Tomas-Roig J, Piscitelli F, Di Marzo V, Del Río J, Falkai P. EPA-1474 – Psychosocial stress and psychiatric phenotypes: endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor (CBR) expression in cortico-striatal connectivity. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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22
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Wedekind D, Bandelow B, Stein DJ, Havemann-Reinecke U, Bloch S, Engel KR, Uhlmann A. Structural brain differences in alcohol dependent subjects with and without comorbid affective pathology - a cMRI study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Laib AK, Böttcher M, Hiemke C, Havemann-Reinecke U. Therapeutic drug-monitoring for opiate-dependent patients receiving buprenorphine for substitution. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Tomas-Roig J, Schmeil T, Brzozka M, Leweke M, Falkai P. P-1387 - Psychosocially stress mice treated by acute CB1 agonist show behavioral deficits and endocannabinoids changes. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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25
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Hiemke C, Baumann P, Bergemann N, Conca A, Dietmaier O, Egberts K, Fric M, Gerlach M, Greiner C, Gründer G, Haen E, Havemann-Reinecke U, Jaquenoud Sirot E, Kirchherr H, Laux G, Lutz UC, Messer T, Müller MJ, Pfuhlmann B, Rambeck B, Riederer P, Schoppek B, Stingl J, Uhr M, Ulrich S, Waschgler R, Zernig G. AGNP Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Psychiatry: Update 2011. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011; 44:195-235. [PMID: 21969060 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), i. e., the quantification of serum or plasma concentrations of medications for dose optimization, has proven a valuable tool for the patient-matched psychopharmacotherapy. Uncertain drug adherence, suboptimal tolerability, non-response at therapeutic doses, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical situations when measurement of medication concentrations is helpful. Patient populations that may predominantly benefit from TDM in psychiatry are children, pregnant women, elderly patients, individuals with intelligence disabilities, forensic patients, patients with known or suspected genetically determined pharmacokinetic abnormalities or individuals with pharmacokinetically relevant comorbidities. However, the potential benefits of TDM for optimization of pharmacotherapy can only be obtained if the method is adequately integrated into the clinical treatment process. To promote an appropriate use of TDM, the TDM expert group of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) issued guidelines for TDM in psychiatry in 2004. Since then, knowledge has advanced significantly, and new psychopharmacologic agents have been introduced that are also candidates for TDM. Therefore the TDM consensus guidelines were updated and extended to 128 neuropsychiatric drugs. 4 levels of recommendation for using TDM were defined ranging from "strongly recommended" to "potentially useful". Evidence-based "therapeutic reference ranges" and "dose related reference ranges" were elaborated after an extensive literature search and a structured internal review process. A "laboratory alert level" was introduced, i. e., a plasma level at or above which the laboratory should immediately inform the treating physician. Supportive information such as cytochrome P450 substrate- and inhibitor properties of medications, normal ranges of ratios of concentrations of drug metabolite to parent drug and recommendations for the interpretative services are given. Recommendations when to combine TDM with pharmacogenetic tests are also provided. Following the guidelines will help to improve the outcomes of psychopharmacotherapy of many patients especially in case of pharmacokinetic problems. Thereby, one should never forget that TDM is an interdisciplinary task that sometimes requires the respectful discussion of apparently discrepant data so that, ultimately, the patient can profit from such a joint effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
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26
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Hiemke C, Baumann P, Bergemann N, Conca A, Dietmaier O, Egberts K, Fric M, Gerlach M, Greiner C, Gründer G, Haen E, Havemann-Reinecke U, Jaquenoud Sirot E, Kirchherr H, Laux G, Lutz UC, Messer T, Müller MJ, Pfuhlmann B, Rambeck B, Riederer P, Schoppek B, Stingl J, Uhr M, Ulrich S, Waschgler R, Zernig G. AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: update 2011. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011; 44:195-235. [PMID: 22053351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), i. e., the quantification of serum or plasma concentrations of medications for dose optimization, has proven a valuable tool for the patient-matched psychopharmacotherapy. Uncertain drug adherence, suboptimal tolerability, non-response at therapeutic doses, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical situations when measurement of medication concentrations is helpful. Patient populations that may predominantly benefit from TDM in psychiatry are children, pregnant women, elderly patients, individuals with intelligence disabilities, forensic patients, patients with known or suspected genetically determined pharmacokinetic abnormalities or individuals with pharmacokinetically relevant comorbidities. However, the potential benefits of TDM for optimization of pharmacotherapy can only be obtained if the method is adequately integrated into the clinical treatment process. To promote an appropriate use of TDM, the TDM expert group of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) issued guidelines for TDM in psychiatry in 2004. Since then, knowledge has advanced significantly, and new psychopharmacologic agents have been introduced that are also candidates for TDM. Therefore the TDM consensus guidelines were updated and extended to 128 neuropsychiatric drugs. 4 levels of recommendation for using TDM were defined ranging from “strongly recommended” to “potentially useful”. Evidence-based “therapeutic reference ranges” and “dose related reference ranges” were elaborated after an extensive literature search and a structured internal review process. A “laboratory alert level” was introduced, i. e., a plasma level at or above which the laboratory should immediately inform the treating physician. Supportive information such as cytochrome P450 substrate and inhibitor properties of medications, normal ranges of ratios of concentrations of drug metabolite to parent drug and recommendations for the interpretative services are given. Recommendations when to combine TDM with pharmacogenetic tests are also provided. Following the guidelines will help to improve the outcomes of psychopharmacotherapy of many patients especially in case of pharmacokinetic problems. Thereby, one should never forget that TDM is an interdisciplinary task that sometimes requires the respectful discussion of apparently discrepant data so that, ultimately, the patient can profit from such a joint eff ort.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Germany.
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Wedekind D, Hiemke C, Diehl A, Mann K, Croissant B. Quetiapin vs. Plazebo in der Alkoholrückfallprophylaxe – eine randomisierte placebokontrollierte Studie. Suchttherapie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1284669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Brünen S, Vincent P, Baumann P, Hiemke C, Havemann-Reinecke U. Therapeutic drug monitoring of drugs for treatment of substance-related disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe effect of pharmacotherapy of substance-related disorders is moderate at best.ObjectivesTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be an instrument to improve the outcomes. TDM is for most of these drugs not established yet.AimsThe authors built a literature based rating scale to evaluate the necessity of TDM for these pharmacological agents.MethodsA literature research was performed for TDM related properties of acamprosate, bupropion, buprenorphine, clomethiazole, disulfiram, methadone, naltrexone, and varenicline. A rating scale was established for evaluation. It included 28 items related to five categories (efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, patient characteristics and cost effectiveness). For comparison, three reference substances with established TDM were similarly assessed: clozapine, lithium and nortriptyline.ResultsThe three reference substances, lithium, clozapine and nortriptyline, achieved scores of 15, 18, and 14 points, respectively. Rating of methadone (19 points), bupropion (14 points), buprenorphine (14 points), disulfiram (13) and naltrexone (12 points in the indication opioid-dependency and 10 points in the indication alcohol dependency) achieved more than 30% of the reachable points, whereas acamprosate (9 points), clomethiazole (9 points), and varenicline (5 points) had fewer points especially in the main characteristics in favor of TDM.ConclusionsThese results suggest this rating scale is sensitive to detect the appropriateness of TDM for drug treatment. Literature based rating and clinical experience give evidence that TDM has the potential to optimize the pharmacotherapy of substance related-disorders with different rank orders of the single substances.
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Brzózka M, Falkai P. FC03-03 - Acute treatment with cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212,2 improves prepulse inhibition in psychosocially stressed mice. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Manouchehr S. Principles of Analgesic Effects of Opioids and Dependence of Opioids (F.E. Tramadol). Eur Psychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
German epidemiological data (Poser and Havemann-Reinecke 2002) showed 12% of all addicted treated patients in Lower Saxony being dependent from prescribed opioid analgesics.Here we report new clinical data of 150 patients being treated because of dependence on the opioid analgesic tramadol. The documents of these patients were evaluated to social-, family-, pain- and addiction development - data, psychiatric and somatic diseases; suicidality, source of tramadol (prescription: "legal", black market: "illegal" ), withdrawl symptoms, therapy.Results:Of 140 patients (P) 123 P (88%) were "legally" dependent on tramadol (51% f, 49 m), 17 P (12.%) "illegally" dependent (54% f, 47% m). The ages of "legally" dependent P were: 20-30J: 7%; 30-40J: 16% ; 40-50J: 24%; 50-60J: 21%; 60-70J: 19%; 70-80J: 14%. In the group of "legally dependent" patients 20% were medical staff (16% nurses, 4% medical doctors), and 16% had academic professions; 19% reported an addiction disease of the parents (mostly of alcohol), 16% another psychiatric disease of the parents. 75% of the "legally" dependent patients suffered from depression, 40 % had performed suicidal trial(s), 53% have had a somatic disease before the intake of tramadol, 17% after the treatment of tramadol dependence. 69% suffered from pain before intake of tramadol (22% disc/ back, 15% megrim/ head, 5% tooth, maxillary sinus, 6% pancreas, 4% legs, 2 % abdomen, bile), 22% had no experience of pain before first intake of tramadol. 76% of the pain-patients were also ill with depression. Seizures were documented in 23% of all patients with tramadol dependence/withdrawal as cause.Conclusion:Pain, depression and pain, somatic diseases, previous addiction diseases, psychiatric family history, being a member of medical staff increase the risk to develop dependence to prescribed tramadol. Tramadol dependent patients show a high rate of suicidal trials and of seizures. Different therapies are under evaluation. Data will be discussed with respect to pathophysiological principles of analgesic and addiction effects of opioids.
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Brueckner A, Wedekind D, Genee C, Hiemke C. Does Addiction (Alcohol, Benzodiazepines) Diseases Affect the Pharmacokinetics of Escitalopram? – Data from a Naturalistic Study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Havemann-Reinecke U. Aetiology of gender effects and dependence. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Brückner A, Wedekind D, Genee C, Hiemke C. Factors Affecting the Pharmacokinetics of Escitalopram – Data from a Naturalistic Study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ulrich S, Hiemke C, Laux G, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Havemann-Reinecke U, Riederer P, Zernig G, Baumann P. Value and actuality of the prescription information for therapeutic drug monitoring of psychopharmaceuticals: a comparison with the medico-scientific evidence. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007; 40:121-7. [PMID: 17541888 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-977712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of psychopharmaceuticals, i.e., the assay of plasma concentrations, is a practical therapeutic application of pharmacokinetic principles in psychiatry. The prescription information (summary of product characteristics, SPC) is provided by pharmaceutical companies according to the requirements of regulatory authorities. The present study investigated the degree of agreement of German SPCs for 48 psychopharmaceuticals with the existing medico-scientific evidence in the area of TDM. For this aim, an empirical summary score of SPC content related to TDM (SPCC (TDM)) was calculated and compared with the level of recommendation of TDM (LOR) of the AGNP-TDM expert group consensus guidelines. Considerable disagreement was found between the information on TDM in SPCs and existing medico-scientific evidence, e.g., in the case of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. Even for well studied compounds, such as amitriptyline and clozapine, insufficient information on TDM is included in German SPCs. Small differences existed in the TDM-related information in SPCs of generic drugs with, however, much variance between Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Generally, it must be concluded that deficits exist in the preparation of German SPCs for psychopharmaceutical drugs with respect to empirical pharmacokinetic data, i.e., TDM-relevant information. It is recommended that SPCs of psychopharmaceuticals should be improved in terms of TDM-related information and that target plasma concentrations be adjusted according to the guidelines of the AGNP-TDM expert group. A higher level of good pharmacokinetic practice may be thus achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ulrich
- esparma GmbH Osterweddingen, Germany.
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Bachus E, Riegel A, Stoppe G. White matter lesions and alcohol dependence. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Rygula R, Abumaria N, Rüther E, Hiemke C, Flügge G. Citalopram abolishes depressive-like symptoms evoked by chronic social stress in rats. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Flügge G, Abumaria N, Rygula R, Havemann-Reinecke U, Rüther E, Fuchs E. Gene regulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus during chronic social stress and citalopram treatment. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schmidt LG, Bleich S, Boening J, Buehringer G, Kornhuber J, Weijers HG, Wiesbeck GA, Wolfgramm J, Havemann-Reinecke U. Advances in Alcoholism Research in Germany. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005; 29:1282-7. [PMID: 16088985 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000171897.16149.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L G Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Rygula R, Hiemke C, Abumaria N, Fluegge G, Ruether E, Havemann-Reinecke U. Pharmacokinetic and Behavioural Effects of Antidepressants Given Orally via Drinking Water in Rats. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Havemann-Reinecke U, Lojewski I, Wismann B, Höger C, Rothenberger A. Effects of therapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the childhood with α-methylphenidate (MPH) on addiction diseases and psychiatric comorbidity. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bleich S, Bandelow B, Javaheripour K, Müller A, Degner D, Wilhelm J, Havemann-Reinecke U, Sperling W, Rüther E, Kornhuber J. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a new risk factor for brain shrinkage in patients with alcoholism. Neurosci Lett 2003; 335:179-82. [PMID: 12531462 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption can induce brain atrophy, whereby the exact mechanism of brain damage in alcoholics remains unknown. There is evidence that chronic alcoholism is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Homocysteine is an excitatory amino acid which markedly enhances the vulnerability of neuronal cells to excitotoxic and oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. The present volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study included 52 chronic alcoholics and 30 non-drinking healthy controls. Patients were active drinkers and had an established diagnosis of alcohol dependence. We investigated the influence of different variables on the hippocampal volume of patients suffering from chronic alcoholism. We observed that pathological raised levels of plasma homocysteine showed the most significant correlation to hippocampal volume reduction (P<0.001, multiple regression analysis). Raised plasma levels of homocysteine are associated with hippocampal (brain) atrophy in alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6-10, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Bleich S, Sperling W, Degner D, Graesel E, Bleich K, Wilhelm J, Havemann-Reinecke U, Javaheripour K, Kornhuber J. Lack of association between hippocampal volume reduction and first-onset alcohol withdrawal seizure. A volumetric MRI study. Alcohol Alcohol 2003; 38:40-4. [PMID: 12554606 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agg017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hippocampus has been extensively studied in both neurological and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, hippocampal volume reductions on MRI have been reported in patients with chronic alcoholism. The present volumetric MRI study was undertaken to determine whether an association exists between hippocampal volume reduction and first-onset alcohol withdrawal seizure. Until recently, no data as to whether hippocampal volume reductions in alcoholics might serve as a predictor of withdrawal seizures were available. RESULTS We found the average hippocampal volumes measured by high resolution MRI to be significantly reduced in 52 alcoholics compared with 30 healthy controls. Besides a decrease of hippocampal volume in patients with chronic alcoholism, we could not find any significant correlation between the occurrence of seizures during alcohol withdrawal and the amount of hippocampal volume reduction in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the alcoholism-related atrophy within the hippocampal formation in patients suffering from chronic alcoholism does not seem to be the source of convulsive activity in these patients. Neither does the amount of atrophy allow the occurrence of first-onset withdrawal seizures to be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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Schneider U, Altmann A, Baumann M, Bernzen J, Bertz B, Bimber U, Broese T, Broocks A, Burtscheidt W, Cimander KF, Degkwitz P, Driessen M, Ehrenreich H, Fischbach E, Folkerts H, Frank H, Gurth D, Havemann-Reinecke U, Heber W, Heuer J, Hingsammer A, Jacobs S, Krampe H, Lange W, Lay T, Leimbach M, Lemke MR, Leweke M, Mangholz A, Massing W, Meyenberg R, Porzig J, Quattert T, Redner C, Ritzel G, Rollnik JD, Sauvageoll R, Schläfke D, Schmid G, Schröder H, Schwichtenberg U, Schwoon D, Seifert J, Sickelmann I, Sieveking CF, Spiess C, Stiegemann HH, Stracke R, Straetgen HD, Subkowski P, Thomasius R, Tretzel H, Verner LJ, Vitens J, Wagner T, Weirich S, Weiss I, Wendorff T, Wetterling T, Wiese B, Wittfoot J. Comorbid anxiety and affective disorder in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment: the first Multicentre Study in Germany. Alcohol Alcohol 2001; 36:219-23. [PMID: 11373258 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/36.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goals of this study were to describe demographic variables, drinking history, and the 6-month prevalence of Axis I comorbidity among alcohol-dependent subjects in GERMANY: The variables: amount of alcohol consumption, age at onset of the first alcohol consumed, age at onset of daily alcohol consumption, age at onset of withdrawal symptoms and number of detoxifications were related to the different comorbid disorders and gender. In this study, 556 patients from 25 alcohol treatment centres were enrolled between 1 January 1999 and 30 April 1999. After a minimum of 10 days of sobriety patients who fulfilled ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria of alcohol dependence were interviewed for data collection using the Mini-DIPS (German version of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule) and a standardized psychosocial interview. The 6-month prevalence of comorbid Axis I disorders was 53.1%. Among the patients with comorbidity, affective and anxiety disorders were most frequent. Comorbid stress disorder was associated with an early start of drinking, an early beginning of withdrawal symptoms, highest number of detoxifications, and the highest amount of alcohol consumed. Female patients with anxiety disorder consumed more alcohol and started earlier than females without this comorbid disorder. The data do not answer the question of the pathogenesis of comorbid disorders and alcoholism, but indicate that stress disorders in alcoholic patients and anxiety disorders in female alcoholics influence the course and severity of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schneider
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover. Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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Ferger B, Havemann-Reinecke U, Kuschinsky K. [Dopamine and addictive diseases]. Med Monatsschr Pharm 1997; 20:300-9. [PMID: 9527597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Ferger
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
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Surmann A, Havemann-Reinecke U. Injection of apomorphine--a test to predict individual different dopaminergic sensitivity? J Neural Transm Suppl 1995; 45:143-155. [PMID: 8748620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Male rats, treated with apomorphine (APO: 2mg/kg s.c.) in an Animex-Motility-Meter, showed individually different motility patterns, each expressed by oral stereotyped behaviour and enhanced locomotor activation reproducible in a second test 4 days later. One group of the rats showed stereotyped sniffing with an increased locomotor activation, S(L,G)-rats, being predominantly "mesolimbic active" rats. The other groups could be classified as mainly licking or gnawing rats, L(S,G)-rats or G(L,S)-rats, with less increase of locomotor activation, resembling predominantly "nigrostriatal active" rats. The G(L,S)-rats seemed to be mostly "nigrostriatal active". In this study the different types of rats were treated with neuroleptic drugs in presence of APO. Haloperidol (HAL; 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg i.p.) had a clear dose dependent antagonizing effect on APO-induced stereotypies and locomotor activity: a pronounced effect on the L(S,G)- and G(L,S)-rats and less on S(L,G)-rats. In contrast, clozapine (CLO; 10 and 15 mg/kg i.p.) did not antagonize the stereotyped behaviour in the rats tested but showed a characteristic shift in the S(L,G)- and G(L,S)-rats: the predominant stereotypy of these rats, quantified by scoring, changed to licking. In the L(S,G)-rats the predominant licking stereotypy was not changed and the locomotor activity, which was completely antagonized in the S(L,G)- and G(L,S)-rats at both CLO-doses, was affected by 15 mg/kg, only. Furthermore, after the combined treatment with APO and HAL or APO and CLO these rat-types also differed in their amount of ACTH and corticosterone release. DA-1/DA2 and/or DA-1/DA3 receptor mechanisms may be involved in these individually different motility patterns and endocrine reactions. In summary, pretesting of rats with APO and measuring the motility and endocrine parameters may give us information on a preexisting different sensitivity of individuals to react to DAergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Surmann
- Psychiatric Hospital, University of Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Abstract
The behavioural nature of the delayed hyperactivity induced by systemic administration of morphine was studied in rats. Different components of motility induced by morphine with or without naloxone or haloperidol at different times were analyzed by observation and quantified by an Opto-Varimex-3 Activity Meter. By this automatic recording system motility was discriminated into horizontal and two different vertical components and the total distance run by each of the rats was quantified by a computer program. Simultaneously the running pattern was recorded by a XY-plotter. By means of these recordings, three subsequent phases of behaviour could be recorded after morphine (15 mg/kg i.p.): 1. a depressed phase (akinesia) lasting 1.5-2 h, followed, 2. by an intermediate phase for 1-1.5 h, still dominated by akinesia but interrupted by sudden bursts of hyperactivity. Finally, 3. a hyperactivity phase lasted for 1.5-2 h, characterized by an equal enhancement of locomotor activity and stereotypy. After 30 mg/kg of morphine the hyperactivity was predominantly characterized by locomotor activity and stereotypy and rearing were less prominent than after the smaller dose. Naloxone (2 mg/kg i.p.) given at the beginning of the hyperactivity phase significantly antagonized rearing but not other motility parameters. However, coadministration of naloxone (2 mg/kg i.p.) simultaneously with morphine (15 mg/kg) clearly antagonized akinesia and completely prevented the development of the delayed hyperactivity. Haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg i.p.) at the beginning of the hyperactivity phase clearly antagonized all of the motility parameters seen during this phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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