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Gusarova V, O'Dushlaine C, Teslovich TM, Benotti PN, Mirshahi T, Gottesman O, Van Hout CV, Murray MF, Mahajan A, Nielsen JB, Fritsche L, Wulff AB, Gudbjartsson DF, Sjögren M, Emdin CA, Scott RA, Lee WJ, Small A, Kwee LC, Dwivedi OP, Prasad RB, Bruse S, Lopez AE, Penn J, Marcketta A, Leader JB, Still CD, Kirchner HL, Mirshahi UL, Wardeh AH, Hartle CM, Habegger L, Fetterolf SN, Tusie-Luna T, Morris AP, Holm H, Steinthorsdottir V, Sulem P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Rotter JI, Chuang LM, Damrauer S, Birtwell D, Brummett CM, Khera AV, Natarajan P, Orho-Melander M, Flannick J, Lotta LA, Willer CJ, Holmen OL, Ritchie MD, Ledbetter DH, Murphy AJ, Borecki IB, Reid JG, Overton JD, Hansson O, Groop L, Shah SH, Kraus WE, Rader DJ, Chen YDI, Hveem K, Wareham NJ, Kathiresan S, Melander O, Stefansson K, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Abecasis GR, Altshuler D, Florez JC, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Yancopoulos GD, Carey DJ, Shuldiner AR, Baras A, Dewey FE, Gromada J. Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose homeostasis and is associated with reduced risk of diabetes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2252. [PMID: 29899519 PMCID: PMC5997992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is an endogenous inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase that modulates lipid levels, coronary atherosclerosis risk, and nutrient partitioning. We hypothesize that loss of ANGPTL4 function might improve glucose homeostasis and decrease risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigate protein-altering variants in ANGPTL4 among 58,124 participants in the DiscovEHR human genetics study, with follow-up studies in 82,766 T2D cases and 498,761 controls. Carriers of p.E40K, a variant that abolishes ANGPTL4 ability to inhibit lipoprotein lipase, have lower odds of T2D (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.85–0.92, p = 6.3 × 10−10), lower fasting glucose, and greater insulin sensitivity. Predicted loss-of-function variants are associated with lower odds of T2D among 32,015 cases and 84,006 controls (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.99, p = 0.041). Functional studies in Angptl4-deficient mice confirm improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 is associated with improved glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of T2D. Genetic variation in ANGPTL4 is associated with lipid traits. Here, the authors find that predicted loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL4 are associated with glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and that Angptl4−/− mice on a high-fat diet show improved insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Lars Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Anders Berg Wulff
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Marketa Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 221, Sweden
| | - Connor A Emdin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.,Department of Social Work, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Aeron Small
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Lydia C Kwee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Om Prakash Dwivedi
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, 00170, Finland
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 221, Sweden
| | - Shannon Bruse
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, 10591, NY, USA
| | | | - John Penn
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, 10591, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, UNAM/INCMNSZ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50090, Estonia
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, CA, USA
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Scott Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - David Birtwell
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Chad M Brummett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | | | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Luca A Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Oddgeir L Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, 7601, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ola Hansson
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, 00170, Finland.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 221, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, 00170, Finland.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 221, Sweden
| | - Svati H Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, CA, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, 7601, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, 7601, Norway
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 221, Sweden
| | | | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2730, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2730, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2730, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Diabetes Unit, and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX4 2PG, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, 10591, NY, USA.
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Abul-Husn NS, Cheng X, Li AH, Xin Y, Schurmann C, Stevis P, Liu Y, Kozlitina J, Stender S, Wood GC, Stepanchick AN, Still MD, McCarthy S, O'Dushlaine C, Packer JS, Balasubramanian S, Gosalia N, Esopi D, Kim SY, Mukherjee S, Lopez AE, Fuller ED, Penn J, Chu X, Luo JZ, Mirshahi UL, Carey DJ, Still CD, Feldman MD, Small A, Damrauer SM, Rader DJ, Zambrowicz B, Olson W, Murphy AJ, Borecki IB, Shuldiner AR, Reid JG, Overton JD, Yancopoulos GD, Hobbs HH, Cohen JC, Gottesman O, Teslovich TM, Baras A, Mirshahi T, Gromada J, Dewey FE. A Protein-Truncating HSD17B13 Variant and Protection from Chronic Liver Disease. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1096-1106. [PMID: 29562163 PMCID: PMC6668033 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1712191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidation of the genetic factors underlying chronic liver disease may reveal new therapeutic targets. METHODS We used exome sequence data and electronic health records from 46,544 participants in the DiscovEHR human genetics study to identify genetic variants associated with serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Variants that were replicated in three additional cohorts (12,527 persons) were evaluated for association with clinical diagnoses of chronic liver disease in DiscovEHR study participants and two independent cohorts (total of 37,173 persons) and with histopathological severity of liver disease in 2391 human liver samples. RESULTS A splice variant (rs72613567:TA) in HSD17B13, encoding the hepatic lipid droplet protein hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13, was associated with reduced levels of ALT (P=4.2×10-12) and AST (P=6.2×10-10). Among DiscovEHR study participants, this variant was associated with a reduced risk of alcoholic liver disease (by 42% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 20 to 58] among heterozygotes and by 53% [95% CI, 3 to 77] among homozygotes), nonalcoholic liver disease (by 17% [95% CI, 8 to 25] among heterozygotes and by 30% [95% CI, 13 to 43] among homozygotes), alcoholic cirrhosis (by 42% [95% CI, 14 to 61] among heterozygotes and by 73% [95% CI, 15 to 91] among homozygotes), and nonalcoholic cirrhosis (by 26% [95% CI, 7 to 40] among heterozygotes and by 49% [95% CI, 15 to 69] among homozygotes). Associations were confirmed in two independent cohorts. The rs72613567:TA variant was associated with a reduced risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, but not steatosis, in human liver samples. The rs72613567:TA variant mitigated liver injury associated with the risk-increasing PNPLA3 p.I148M allele and resulted in an unstable and truncated protein with reduced enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS A loss-of-function variant in HSD17B13 was associated with a reduced risk of chronic liver disease and of progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Abul-Husn
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Xiping Cheng
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander H Li
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Yurong Xin
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Panayiotis Stevis
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Yashu Liu
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Stefan Stender
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - G Craig Wood
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Ann N Stepanchick
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew D Still
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Shane McCarthy
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Colm O'Dushlaine
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan S Packer
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Suganthi Balasubramanian
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Nehal Gosalia
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - David Esopi
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Sun Y Kim
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander E Lopez
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Erin D Fuller
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - John Penn
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Xin Chu
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Z Luo
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Uyenlinh L Mirshahi
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - David J Carey
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher D Still
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Feldman
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Aeron Small
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Rader
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Zambrowicz
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - William Olson
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey G Reid
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - John D Overton
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Helen H Hobbs
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan C Cohen
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Omri Gottesman
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Tanya M Teslovich
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Aris Baras
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Tooraj Mirshahi
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Jesper Gromada
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
| | - Frederick E Dewey
- From the Regeneron Genetics Center (N.S.A.-H., A.H.L., C.S., S. McCarthy, C.O., J.S.P., S.B., N.G., S. Mukherjee, A.E.L., E.D.F., J.P., I.B.B., A.R.S., J.G.R., J.D.O., O.G., T.M.T., A.B., F.E.D.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (X. Cheng, Y.X., P.S., Y.L., D.E., S.Y.K., B.Z., W.O., A.J.M., G.D.Y., J.G.), Tarrytown, NY; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas (J.K., S.S., H.H.H., J.C.C.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville (G.C.W., A.N.S., M.D.S., X. Chu, J.Z.L., U.L.M., D.J.C., C.D.S., T.M.), and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.D.F., A.S., S.M.D., D.J.R.) - both in Pennsylvania
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