[The results of the multicenter pharmaco-epidemiological observational project on the use of mydocalm in the treatment of pain syndromes with the muscle spasm]

The prospective multicenter open noncomparative pharmaco-epidemiological observational project on the use of mydocalm in real clinical practice has been completed in 2013. The project has been performed in 2090 clinical/rehabilitation settings in 284 cities of 13 countries using the results of 35,383 patients. The project aimed to assess the safety of treatment (percentage of patients with adverse-effects) and pain relieving efficacy as well as patient's satisfaction with the treatment. In total, 6603 (19%) adverse-effects were recorded. Their severity was evaluated as mild in 84,48%, no serious adverse-effects were noted. The high efficacy of mydocalm in the treatment of pain syndromes with the muscle spasm has been demonstrated. The high level of tolerability and absence of the clinically significant increase of adverse effects in the combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been confirmed.

[Comparative biochemistry of process of ageing in men and women]

In the research of a number of biochemical indicators in 858 men and 899 women aged from 20 till 70 years divided into 6 compared groups depending on age and gender clear distinctions in the dynamics of the components of the lipid status, status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of the blood system, the content of middlemolecular peptides are revealed. Simultaneous determination of the biological age of the subjects also revealed a distinct gender differencies testifying to lower rate of aging of men, despite the probability of earlier, in comparison with women, development of dislipidemia and atherosclerosis. Association of the received gender distinctions both with changes of level of estrogen in women due to menopause and with the peculiarities of stressful impacts on male and female organism in different age periods is supposed.

[Medical, psychological, social and gender aspects of aging in modern Russia]

In this article, the authors considered controversial issues ambiguous attitude to the aging process of the population of the Russian Federation on the basis of a number of individual differences--psychological, social, sexual, and medical. The thesis is that, unfortunately, the fight against aging appears rather to be more a struggle with an already existing old age, and you need to develop preventive measures against aging much earlier than is currently done. Submissions own research confirm this position. The system of training, adjustment to a new level of life, to the new conditions associated with aging process, in the form of a special kind of multidisciplinary centers that carry out the tasks of improving health and young is proposed.

[Treatment of elderly and senile patients suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis]

In the clinical settings and in animal experiments the research was conducted on effectiveness and safety of treatment the benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis in the stage of active inflammation in elderly and senile patients. The method of treatment including transrectal fonoforez of the Russian preparation of Tisol (Tisolium, gel, the company "Olympus" Yekaterinburg) in combination with diclofenac sodium protected by patents of the Russian Federation was used. The developed method of treatment has shown high efficiency and safety, which is confirmed by experimental, clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies.

[Age-related aspects of the extent of lipid metabolism and post-traumatic stress disorders among veterans of modern warfare]

The peculiarities of violations of lipid metabolism and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 161 patients of 25-69 years, veterans of the military actions on the territory of Afghanistan and the Northern Caucasus were investigated. The dependence of the formation of dyslipidemia and related changes of atherosclerosis in the young age on neuroendocrine effects, accompanying the effects of combat stress and promoting accelerated aging was determined. On the other hand, with the time, after 15-25 years after participating in hostilities, the intensity of PTSD and its influence on the development of violations of lipid spectrum may decline. The leading role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia goes to age-related changes, accompanying a process of accelerated aging of veterans of combat operations, and to pathological disorders of metabolism in liver associated with alcohol abuse and the consequences of infectious diseases.

[Depressive disorders in elderly and senile patients in the period of rehabilitation after acute ischemic stroke]

To definite the probability of occurrence of depression after suffering an ischemic stroke in elderly and senile age and the impact of depressive disorders on the results of the rehabilitation treatment the comparative study of 186 patients aged over 70 and 110 patients at the age of 33-60 years was carried out. The results testify that the frequency of occurrence and severity of post-stroke depression do not depend on age. But the depression has a more significant impact on the results of the rehabilitation treatment in the elderly than in patients of the young and middle age, which is explained by a long existence in the period prior to the stroke of the emotional-volitional disorders, characteristic for the elderly and senile age. Expressed motor disturbances as the results of a stroke in elderly and senile age are quite rarely contribute to the development of depression, although a combination of severe paralysis with depression has a negative impact on the results of rehabilitation in older patients. Speech and pelvic disorders are not the triggers for depression and do not have negative influence on the results of restorative treatment of patients of elderly and senile age; the situation is opposite in younger patients.

[Some problems of modern gerontology and geriatrics in the Russian Federation: the sight of the clinical physician]

This article presents some problems of modern Russian gerontology and geriatrics by eyes of the scientist--the clinical physician having long-term experience in the field. Educational, scientific, practical aspects of gerontology and those stereotypes of understanding of problems of elderly which developed for years are subjected the certain criticism, decades, but in the modern world any more absolutely correspond to a today's reality. It is offered to transform the ideology of the major directions of gerontology, having put at the head of a corner not ideas of prolongation of life as that and carrying out basically actions in relation to seriously ill, but improvements of quality of life, preventive maintenance and treatment of set of the age-related diseases, overcoming of the developed practice of the relation to elderly and senile patients as to persons dependent and demanding the constant help. The author urges the public health governing bodies to reconsider the norms of the geriatric help existing for many years but not meeting modern requirements in the conditions of polyclinic and a hospital and to make more clear and claimed by a society the possibilities and achievements of gerontology.

[Features of bioelectric activity of the brain in epilepsy patients of elderly and senile age]

89 patients of elderly and senile age with various epilepsy forms have been examined. The general characteristic features of bioelectric brain activity of the elderly patients, suffering from epilepsy have been defined. Features of electroencephalographic (EEG) picture depending on the form of the disease, age of debut, expressiveness of cerebrovascular pathologies are revealed. It is shown that the survey of EEG in dynamics helps with selection of adequate antiepileptic therapy and enables to avoid strengthening cognitive deficiency.

[Efficiency of rehabilitation of elderly and senile patients after an ischemic stroke]

Productivity of a wide medical rehabilitation in 296 patients who have had an ischemic stroke was studied. In the period of rehabilitation treatment 186 patients of 70-84 years composed the basic group, 110 in the control group were of 33-60 years. Clinical, social, psychological indicators in dynamics were compared; results of variety of tool and laboratory researches were estimated. Possibility of high efficiency of medical rehabilitation in elderly and senile age is stated. This efficiency depends on expressiveness of impellent defect, the period of a stroke, somatic diseases and on depressive infringements. Positive shifts in character of bioelectric activity of a brain and also activation of non-vascular link of a cerebral metabolism in comparison with vascular one can serve as prognosis criteria of success of rehabilitation of the elderly.

[Gerontology aspects of the post-war medicine (about the present and the future of hospitals for veterans of wars)]

This article takes up the problems arisen around the largest hospitals for veterans of wars in a situation of considerable reduction of number of veterans, first of all the former participants of the World War II. The author emphasizes the value and urgency of gerontology researches which are made on clinical bases of large hospitals for war veterans and demand the continuation. The author sees many scientific directions of so-called post-war medicine within the limits of clinical and fundamental gerontology. The author suggests the clinical bases of the largest hospitals of the Russian Federation should be kept on the basis of new ideology. They should have the status of scientifically-practical centres of post-war, post-stress medicine and preserve and further develop the scientific and personnel potential.

[Clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of the craniocerebral trauma received by elderly patients after stroke]

In 174 patients of elderly and senile age features of a clinical picture and pathogenesis of a craniocerebral trauma of a different severity occurred in different terms after the previous stroke and in different circumstances have been studied. The mutual relations of traumatic and vascular processes are complex, the vascular pathogenetic features of a trauma influence actively to the brain, earlier damaged by an ischemic stroke, increasing the probability of the heavy form of a combined cerebral pathology and the unfavourable forecast. However the vascular encephalopathy in these conditions "does not develop" in posttraumatic one and chronic vascular-brain frustration absolutely prevail in all cases above traumatic ones. This fact is to be taken into consideration to further treatment and rehabilitation.

[Current problems in mutual relations of cerebral vascular and cardiovascular diseases in elderly and senile age]

The authors have been taking up the problems of the cardiovascular pathology caused by atherosclerosis for many years, and are supporters of universality of the specified pathology. The article demonstrates the results of the researches executed by authors, and other leaders of this direction in a medical science. Questions of mutual relations of various diseases of cardiovascular system on clinical, pathogenetic, pathomorphological, biochemical levels are considered. Aging of a human body, and also brain and heart vessels as leading "targets" of the atherosclerosis are supposed to be a pathogenetic basis of formation and development of universal atherosclerotic defeat processes. Therefore the gerontology plays a prior role in studying the strategic aspects of this field of a medical science, and tactical questions of diagnostics and treatment of cardiovascular diseases should be a prerogative of clinical disciplines, namely cardiology, neurology, cardiovascular surgery, etc.

[The final state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidation activity in blood system of elderly patients with cardiovascular pathology]

The state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidation activity in blood system of 118 elderly patients with some forms of cardiovascular pathology was analyzed 2-4 days before death due to various causes--cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, malignant tumours. Distinct differences in the state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidation activity in blood system was revealed as regards to some forms of cardiovascular pathology and combinations of cardiovascular pathology with other diseases, in particular malignant tumours. Most aggressive changes of indexes in the lipid peroxidation were registered in patients with ischemic strokes. Exhaustion of the lipid peroxidation and slow downfall of the antioxidation activity was registered in patients with non-cerebral cardiovascular pathology. High activity of the lipid peroxidation and exhaustion of the antioxidation activity was registered in patients with combinations cardiovascular pathology and malignant tumors. These changes of indexes can be used as criterions of the differential diagnosis and the prognosis.

[Cardiovascular pathology in old patients with fatal malignant tumours]

The matter under analyses were clinical and pathomorphological peculiarities of the cardiovascular pathology in old patients with fatal malignant tumours. All patients had been treated in hospital, but notwithstanding died with causal of the malignant tumours. Pathomorphological investigation revealed lesser expressiveness of the atherosclerosis in aorta, arteries of braining foundation, coronaric arteries in patients with fatal malignant tumours as compared with patients, who died with causal of the cardiovascular pathology. On the other hand, influence of the oncological pathology to the clinical expressiveness of cardiovascular diseases with causal of the atherosclerosis has been negative. This fact as regards to patients with tumours of the gastric and intestinal tract and the lung is especially outstanding. Authors of the article recommend inspecting old patients with rapid progressing in the clinical expressiveness of the cardiovascular pathology, in order to diagnose of malignant tumours.

[Evoked potentials of the brain in early diagnostics of the cognitive disorders in the elderly patients with cardiovascular pathology]

The changes of visual, acoustic and cognitive evoked potentials of brain in 78 elderly patients were studied. Chronic ischemia of the heart and the brain with clinical signs of mild cognitive impairment was present in all patients. Distinct pathomorphologycal sings of structure disorders in brain were absent, and this fact was confirmed with the help of neuroimaging investigations. It was determined that deflections in the indexes of evoked potentials from the age according standard are objective and reliable diagnostic criterions both structural and functional changes in brain and initial cognitive deficit in the elderly patients with cardiovascular pathology. Authors offer complex examination of evoked potentials in diagnostics of the cognitive deficit and the functional separating between cortex and subcortical structures of brain.

[Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology in old patients: clinical and morphological aspects of interrelations]

The matter under observations and studies were 190 old patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology. All the patients had been treated in hospital over and over again, but notwithstanding died with causal or the acute infarct of myocardium and its consequences (n=145), or the ischemic stroke (n=45). Pathomorphological investigation covering definition of clinical and morphological interrelations between two main marks of vascular diseases - brain and myocardium was carried out in all cases. Pronouncement cerebral neurological deficit and probability of the ischemic stroke increase in patients' acute infarct of myocardium and its consequences. The ischemic stroke is the cause of cardiac ruins and advance of myocardial ischemia in its turn. Morphologically the combination of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology promotes to pronouncement of atherosclerosis in arteries of braining foundation, coronary and iliac arteries. Preventive measures of the second vascular pathology are recommended in cases of any localization of the initial vascular pathology.

[Dynamics of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense processes in elderly patients during preparation to ophtalmosurgical interventions]

The changes of indices of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in elderly patients were studied. All the patients had cardiovascular pathology and had been getting ready for ophthalmology interventions about cataract. It is ascertained that the dynamics of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity indices connected with pre-surgery therapy can be the authentic prognosis criterion in regard to safety of an operation and possible cardiovascular complications.

[Some problems of interrelations between ischemic stroke and cranial-cerebral trauma in elderly and aged patients]

The matters under studies were interrelations between cranial-cerebral trauma and ischemic stroke in old patients. Cranial-cerebral trauma took place before ischemic stroke in 80 cases. Ischemic stroke took place before cranial-cerebral trauma in 174 cases. There was determined predominance of vessels neurologycal simptoms in combination with cranial-cerebral trauma and ischemic stroke. Some symptoms of cranial-cerebral trauma predominate only in acute traumatic period. But the vessels neurological symptoms become prevailing again after successful treatment in connection with cranial-cerebral trauma. This determines that cerebral vessels pathology always predominates as regards cerebral traumatic pathology in old patients.

[Accelerated senescence of armed conflicts participants suffering from the consequences of war cranial-cerebral trauma and alcoholism]

The matter under studies was the way accelerated senescence of armed conflicts participants with brain injuries depends on alcohol addiction developed after the injuries and on dysfunction of neurohumoral regulation of heart activity. It has been established that the posttraumatic alcohol addiction considerably activates the processes of accelerated senescence and lipid peroxidation connected with it, depresses the system of antioxidant protection and enhances the progress of dysfunctions in neurohumoral regulation of heart activity.

[Information conception of the control at aging]

The exchange of energy between organism and environment perhaps may be to describe with help "entropia"--notion of thermodynamics. Point of view information technologies authors suggest to use "factor of controls", which work with help principle of reverse biological connection. This principle may be to use for control aging, when complicated modulated electromagnetic (information) field has regulationing negative entropic component. There are three principles of information control. All principles have on the basis of utilization by quantitative exponents of functional asymmetry.

[Characteristics of bioelectric activity of brain structures in patients with different types of tachyarrhythmia]

The paper gives the results of study of 81 patients with various paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias. All the patients underwent transesophageal pacing and electroencephalographic examinations. There was a relationship between EEG abnormalities and various tachyarrhythmias.

[Comparative analysis of the therapeutic effect of endolumbar insufflation of air and nitrous oxide in patients with epileptic seizures]

A total of 272 patients with epileptic seizures were examined and treated, using pneumoencephalography (PEG). In 185 cases, the cerebral fluid was insufflated with air and in 87 cases with nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide was administered at a faster rate and in larger amounts but the patients tolerated this manipulation much easier. In the nitrous oxide group, the seizures abated in 49 patients (56.32%). In the air group, remission occurred in 45 patients (23.78%). A more prominent therapeutic effect of nitrous oxide was observed in all patients irrespective of either their age or the etiology, character and frequency of epileptic attacks or the EEG and PEG changes. Nitrous oxide is recommended for wide application for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.