Unhealthy diet in association with abdominal obesity as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: data from the ESSE-RF2 study in the Omsk region

Aim. To compare dietary patterns of the Omsk region male and female representatives with and without abdominal obesity (AO).

Material and methods. Wthin the second study of Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF2) using a representative sample of Omsk region population aged 25-64 years (n=1648), dietary habits, including 21 food groups, were assessed by the questionnaire method. Eating habits of Omsk region representatives with (n=936) and without AO (n=712) were compared.

Results. Insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits practically does not differ in those with or without AO. Depending on sex, insufficient fruit consumption is more typical for both men and women without AO. In addition, there is insignificant increase of fruit consumption in AO people, especially women (p=0,09). Both men (p=0,05) and women (p=0,045) are less likely to consume meat daily but more often consume fish weekly compared to those without AO. This mainly applies to women, because women with AO, in contrast to those without AO, are significantly less likely to consume insufficient amount of fish (p=0,0001). Compared to women with, men with AO significantly more often daily and weekly consume seafood (p=0,001). Daily milk consumption is much less common in individuals with AO, but only at the expense of men with AO (p=0,0001). Kefir and yogurt, on the contrary, are more often consumed in patients with AO both daily and weekly. Omsk people with AO are less likely to introduce yogurt into their daily diet, mainly at the expense of women with AO (p=0,02). Excessive consumption of pasta is more typical for persons without AO (p=0,0001), and by means of men (p=0,001). Omsk residents with AO more often exclude the sweets and confectionery from diet. In the daily diet, they are much less common in individuals with AO (p=0,0001), especially in men with AO (p=0,0001). The respondents with AO daily consume pickles 1,4 times more often compared with those without AO, and mainly by means of men (p=0,03).

Conclusion. Presence of AO somewhat changed the dietary habits of Omsk residents. AO patients are less likely to consume pasta, sweets and confectionery products, but more likely to eat pickles and to add more salt to cooked food, which requires targeted preventive measures, taking into account the identified sex priorities, depending on AO presence.

[NUTRITION AS A POSSIBLE RISK FACTOR FOR BREAST CANCER]

Nutrition is an important biological factor, which affects largely on the development of the all functions of the human body. There is known association of the appearance of breast cancer with alimentary factors: inadequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, excessive consumption of coffee, tea, sugar, salt, bread, fatty foods, overweight, early age of onset and frequent alcohol consumption.

AIM OF THE STUDY

To study the prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer related to nutrition in the female population of the Omsk region.

METHODS

An epidemiological (observational analytical) study of "case-control", which was participated by 1002 women (797 women without breast cancer; 205--with breast cancer). In the study there were used epidemiological, hygienic, sociological, statistical methods.

RESULTS

Out of 13 risk factors for the development of breast cancer related to nutrition, for female residents of the Omsk region there were confirmed their importance: a significant consumption of black tea (OR: 5,182, CI: 95% 3,721 ÷ 7,218), an early age of onset of alcohol consumption (OR: 4,832, CI: 95% 3,477 ÷ 6,715), overweight (OR: 1,440, CI 95% 1,005 ÷ 2,062). Such factors as low consumption of fruit and dairy products, increased consumption of fats with high content of cholesterin, salt and coffee failed to confirm their relevance.

CONCLUSION

In the female population of the Omsk region the leading risk factors for development of breast cancer related to diet, are: excessive consumption of black tea, early age of onset of alcohol use, high body mass index.

[Terminologic aspects of infections associated with administration of medical aid]

Evolution of key terms used in epidemiology of nosocomial infections is discussed. A modern point of view on terminology and comparison of Russian terms with foreign analogues are presented.

[Epidemiological aspects of cytomegalovirus infection in babies aged under one]

Sreening data obtained on babies aged under one and selected by random (1,910 children) or target (2,658 children) choice for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the period of 10 years (1992-2001) were compared with mortality rate. The methods used were enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction. The babies were divided as follows: newborn infants (group I), babies aged 1-3 months (group II), 4-6 months (group III) and 7-12 months (group IV). Specific clinical features of CMV infection in newborn infants were studied on 69 cases (37--with CMV monoinfection and 32--with mixed infection). The serological screening revealed a 2.1-fold growth of the infection rate among randomly selected newborn infants during the 10 year period. Positive correlation between the infection rate among children of this age group and the neonatal mortality rate was established. High risk factors of CMV infection were revealed as well as increased infection rate and frequency of clinical cases with the prevailing neurological pathology in group III. Early diagnosis, the exclusion of mixed infections and early adequate therapy were shown to play a decisive role in the outcome of the disease. The algorithm of epidemiological surveillance and the regional program of prophylaxis were worked out.