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Queiroz JLCD, Medeiros I, Lima MSR, Carvalho FMCD, Camillo CS, Santos PPDA, Guerra GCB, da Silva VC, Schroeder HT, Krause M, Morais AHDA, Passos TS. Efficacy of Carotenoid-Loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles in Reducing Plasma Cytokines and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10657. [PMID: 37445834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of gelatin-based nanoparticles (EPG) loaded with a carotenoid-rich crude extract (CE) on systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory response in a model with inflammation induced by a high glycemic index and high glycemic load diet (HGLI). Nanoparticles synthesized were characterized by different physical and chemical methods. The in vivo investigation evaluated Wistar rats (n = 20, 11 days, adult male with 21 weeks) subdivided into untreated (HGLI diet), conventional treatment (nutritionally adequate diet), treatment 1 (HGLI + crude extract (12.5 mg/kg)), and treatment 2 (HGLI + EPG (50 mg/kg)) groups. Dietary intake, caloric intake and efficiency, weight, inflammatory cytokines tissue concentration, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) weight, histopathological analysis, and antioxidant activity in plasma and VAT were investigated. EPG showed the same physical and chemical characteristics as previous batches (95.2 nm, smooth surface, and chemical interactions between materials). The EPG-treated group was the only group promoting negative ∆dietary intake, ∆caloric efficiency, and ∆weight. In addition, it presented a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-6 and leptin levels and a greater presence of multilocular adipocytes. The results suggest that EPG can act as a nutraceutical in adjuvant therapy for treating inflammatory diseases associated with adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaluza Luana C de Queiroz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Isaiane Medeiros
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Mayara S R Lima
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Maria C de Carvalho
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Nutrition Course, Potiguar University, Natal 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Christina S Camillo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo de A Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Gerlane C B Guerra
- Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Valéria C da Silva
- Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Helena T Schroeder
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de A Morais
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Thaís S Passos
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
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Lima MSR, Gonçalves C, Neto MD, Macedo MH, de Queiroz JLC, da Silva VC, Costa IDS, Camillo CDS, Santos PPDA, Lima AAM, Pastrana L, Maciel BLL, Morais AHA. Anti-Inflammatory Protein Isolated from Tamarind Promotes Better Histological Aspects in the Intestine Regardless of the Improvement of Intestinal Permeability in a Preclinical Study of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214669. [PMID: 36364929 PMCID: PMC9655259 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic and physiological effects in the gut. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI) in vitro (interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inhibitory activity against human neutrophil elastase (HNE)), and using intestinal co-cultures of Caco-2:HT29-MTX cell lines inflamed with TNF-α (50 ng/mL) and a Wistar rat model of diet-induced obesity (n = 15). TTI was administered to animals by gavage (10 days), and the treated group (25 mg/kg/day) was compared to animals without treatment or treated with a nutritionally adequate diet. In the in vitro study, it showed inhibitory activity against HNE (93%). In co-cultures, there was no protection or recovery of the integrity of inflamed cell monolayers treated with TTI (1.0 mg/mL). In animals, TTI led to lower plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6, total leukocytes, fasting glucose, and LDL-c (p < 0.05). The intestines demonstrated a lower degree of chronic enteritis, greater preservation of the submucosa, and greater intestinal wall thickness than the other groups (p = 0.042). Therefore, the better appearance of the intestine not reflected in the intestinal permeability added to the in vitro activity against HNE point to possibilities for new studies and applications related to this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara S. R. Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Catarina Gonçalves
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mafalda D. Neto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Jaluza L. C. de Queiroz
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Valéria C. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Izael de S. Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
- Nutrition Course, Potiguar University, Natal 59056-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Christina da S. Camillo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo de A. Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Aldo A. M. Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruna L. L. Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida A. Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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