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Cheyssac C, Dina C, Leprêtre F, Vasseur-Delannoy V, Dechaume A, Lobbens S, Balkau B, Ruiz J, Charpentier G, Pattou F, Joly E, Prentki M, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Vaxillaire M, Froguel P. EIF4A2 is a positional candidate gene at the 3q27 locus linked to type 2 diabetes in French families. Diabetes 2006; 55:1171-6. [PMID: 16567544 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the most replicated loci influencing type 2 diabetes-related quantitative traits (quantitative trait loci [QTL]) is on chromosome 3q27 and modulates both type 2 diabetes-and metabolic syndrome-associated phenotypes. A QTL for type 2 diabetes age of onset (logarithm of odds [LOD] score = 3.01 at D3S3686, P = 0.0001) was identified in a set of French families. To assess genetic variation underlying both age-of-onset QTL and our previous type 2 diabetes linkage in a 3.87-Mb interval, we explored 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two biologically relevant candidate genes for glucose homeostasis, kininogen (KNG1), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4alpha2 (EIF4A2). Analysis of 148 families showed significant association of a frequent SNP, rs266714, located 2.47 kb upstream of EIF4A2, with familial type 2 diabetes (family-based association test, P = 0.0008) and early age of onset (P = 0.0008). This SNP also contributes to both age-of-onset QTL (1.13 LOD score decrease P = 0.02) and type 2 diabetes linkage (genotype identical-by-descent sharing test, P = 0.02). However, no association was observed in three independent European diabetic cohorts. EIF4A2 controls specific mRNA translation and protein synthesis rate in pancreatic beta-cells, and our data indicates that EIF4A2 is downregulated by high glucose in rat beta-INS832/13 cells. The potential role of EIF4A2 in glucose homeostasis and its putative contribution to type 2 diabetes in the presence of metabolic stress will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cheyssac
- CNRS UMR 8090, Biology Institute & Pasteur Institute of Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille, France
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Vaxillaire M, Dechaume A, Vasseur-Delannoy V, Lahmidi S, Vatin V, Leprêtre F, Boutin P, Hercberg S, Charpentier G, Dina C, Froguel P. Genetic analysis of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 candidate polymorphisms for type 2 diabetes in the Caucasian population. Diabetes 2006; 55:856-61. [PMID: 16505255 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a metabolic link between adipose tissue and insulin action, mediating part of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Two adiponectin receptors have been identified, and we investigated whether sequence variations in adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) genes could contribute to the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in a case-control study of 1,498 Caucasian subjects. We sequenced the putative functional regions of the two genes in 48 subjects and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the public database. Five SNPs in ADIPOR1 and 12 in ADIPOR2 were tested for association with type 2 diabetes. No SNP of ADIPOR1 showed association in any of the samples from the French population. In contrast, three SNPs of ADIPOR2 showed nominal evidence for association with type 2 diabetes before correction for multiple testing (odds ratio [OR] 1.29-1.37, P = 0.034-0.014); only rs767870, located in intron 6, was replicated in an additional diabetes dataset (n = 636, OR 1.29, P = 0.020) with significant allelic association from the overall meta-analysis of 2,876 subjects (adjusted OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.07-1.45], P = 0.0051). In conclusion, our data suggest a modest contribution of ADIPOR2 variants in diabetes risk in the French population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS 8090, Institut de Biologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille, France.
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Vasseur F, Helbecque N, Lobbens S, Vasseur-Delannoy V, Dina C, Clément K, Boutin P, Kadowaki T, Scherer PE, Froguel P. Hypoadiponectinaemia and high risk of type 2 diabetes are associated with adiponectin-encoding (ACDC) gene promoter variants in morbid obesity: evidence for a role of ACDC in diabesity. Diabetologia 2005; 48:892-9. [PMID: 15830179 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Morbid obesity (BMI>40 kg/m(2)) affecting 0.5-5% of the adult population worldwide is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We aimed to elucidate the genetic bases of diabetes associated with obesity (diabesity), and to analyse the impact of corpulence on the effects of diabetes susceptibility genes. METHODS We genotyped known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin-encoding adipocyte C1q and collagen-domain-containing (ACDC) gene (-11,391G>A, -11,377C>G, +45T>G and +276G>T), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) Pro12Ala SNP and ACDC exon 3 variants in 703 French morbidly obese subjects (BMI 47.6+/-7.4 kg/m(2)), 808 non-obese subjects (BMI<30 kg/m(2)) and 493 obese subjects (30< or =BMI<40 kg/m(2)). RESULTS Two 5'-ACDC SNPs -11,391G>A, -11,377C>G were associated with adiponectin levels (p=0.0003, p=0.008) and defined a "low-level" haplotype associated with decreased adiponectin levels (p=0.0002) and insulin sensitivity (p=0.01) and with a risk of type 2 diabetes that was twice as high (p=0.002). In contrast, the prevalence of the PPARG Pro12Ala was identical in diabetic and normoglycaemic morbidly obese subjects. The PPARG Pro12 allele only displayed a trend of association with type 2 diabetes in the non-obese group. ACDC exon 3 variants were associated with type 2 diabetes in the non-obese group only (odds ratio 7.85, p<0.0001). In contrast, the 5'-ACDC "low-level" haplotype was associated with type 2 diabetes in obese and morbidly obese subjects (odds ratio 1.73 and 1.92) but not in non-obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data clarify the contribution of the 5'-ACDC SNPs to the risk of diabesity. Their interaction with corpulence suggests for the first time a different genetic profile of type 2 diabetes in morbidly obese patients compared with in less obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vasseur
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology of Lille, Pasteur Institute Lille, Lille, France
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Guérardel A, Barat-Houari M, Vasseur F, Dina C, Vatin V, Clément K, Eberlé D, Vasseur-Delannoy V, Bell CG, Galan P, Hercberg S, Helbecque N, Potoczna N, Horber FF, Boutin P, Froguel P. Analysis of sequence variability in the CART gene in relation to obesity in a Caucasian population. BMC Genet 2005; 6:19. [PMID: 15823203 PMCID: PMC1087839 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-6-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) is an anorectic neuropeptide located principally in hypothalamus. CART has been shown to be involved in control of feeding behavior, but a direct relationship with obesity has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms within the CART gene with regards to a possible association with obesity in a Caucasian population. Results Screening of the entire gene as well as a 3.7 kb region of 5' upstream sequence revealed 31 SNPs and 3 rare variants ; 14 of which were subsequently genotyped in 292 French morbidly obese subjects and 368 controls. Haplotype analysis suggested an association with obesity which was found to be mainly due to SNP-3608T>C (rs7379701) (p = 0.009). Genotyping additional cases and controls also of European Caucasian origin supported further this possible association between the CART SNP -3608T>C T allele and obesity (global p-value = 0.0005). Functional studies also suggested that the SNP -3608T>C could modulate nuclear protein binding. Conclusion CART SNP -3608T>C may possibly contribute to the genetic risk for obesity in the Caucasian population. However confirmation of the importance of the role of the CART gene in energy homeostasis and obesity will require investigation and replication in further populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Guérardel
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | | | - Francis Vasseur
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Christian Dina
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Vatin
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Department of Nutrition-EA3502, Paris VI University, INSERM "Avenir" Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Department of Nutrition-EA3502, Paris VI University, INSERM "Avenir" Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | | | - Christopher G Bell
- Imperial College genome Centre and Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Pilar Galan
- Scientific and Technical Institute of Nutrition and Food (ISTNA-CNAM), INSERM U557, INRA U1125, Paris, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Scientific and Technical Institute of Nutrition and Food (ISTNA-CNAM), INSERM U557, INRA U1125, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Helbecque
- Service d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique-INSERM U.508, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Natascha Potoczna
- Dr. Horber Adipositas Stiftung, Hornbachstrasse 50, 8034, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fritz F Horber
- Dr. Horber Adipositas Stiftung, Hornbachstrasse 50, 8034, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Boutin
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Imperial College genome Centre and Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, UK
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Vaxillaire M, Dina C, Lobbens S, Dechaume A, Vasseur-Delannoy V, Helbecque N, Charpentier G, Froguel P. Effect of common polymorphisms in the HNF4alpha promoter on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the French Caucasian population. Diabetologia 2005; 48:440-4. [PMID: 15735892 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The gene encoding HNF-4alpha, an orphan nuclear receptor playing critical roles in embryogenesis and metabolism by regulating gene expression in pancreatic beta cells, liver, and other tissues, is localised to chromosome 20q13, where linkage to type 2 diabetes has been shown in multiple studies. As two reports have independently demonstrated a convincing association with variants adjacent to the HNF-4alpha P2 promoter in Finnish and Ashkenazi Jewish populations, we evaluated their contribution to diabetes risk in the French Caucasian population. METHODS Genotypes for four haplotype tag SNPs were analysed for association with diabetes in a case-control study of 744 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients and 686 normoglycaemic subjects, and for linkage in 148 diabetic families in whom significant linkage to the HNF4alpha region had been shown. RESULTS The association seen in the Finnish and Ashkenazi studies for SNPs rs2144908 and rs1884614 located within a haplotype block encompassing the beta cell promoter P2 of HNF-4alpha was not replicated in our study; in French Caucasians the minor allele prevalence was increased in control subjects [odds ratio (OR) 0.80, uncorrected p=0.022 for rs2144908; OR 0.82 uncorrected p=0.058 for rs1884614]. Furthermore, none of the SNPs tested in the French familial sample was associated with diabetes, nor do they appear to contribute to the linkage. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION None of the previously associated SNPs confer an increased risk for diabetes in French Caucasians. A large meta-analysis of association studies will determine whether there is a consistent association between particular SNPs upstream of HNF-4alpha and type 2 diabetes in several ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vaxillaire
- CNRS 8090-Institut de Biologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019, Lille, France.
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Boutin P, Dina C, Vasseur F, Dubois S, Corset L, Séron K, Bekris L, Cabellon J, Neve B, Vasseur-Delannoy V, Chikri M, Charles MA, Clement K, Lernmark A, Froguel P. GAD2 on chromosome 10p12 is a candidate gene for human obesity. PLoS Biol 2003; 1:E68. [PMID: 14691540 PMCID: PMC270019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Accepted: 10/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene GAD2 encoding the glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme (GAD65) is a positional candidate gene for obesity on Chromosome 10p11-12, a susceptibility locus for morbid obesity in four independent ethnic populations. GAD65 catalyzes the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which interacts with neuropeptide Y in the paraventricular nucleus to contribute to stimulate food intake. A case-control study (575 morbidly obese and 646 control subjects) analyzing GAD2 variants identified both a protective haplotype, including the most frequent alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) +61450 C>A and +83897 T>A (OR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.681-0.972], p = 0.0049) and an at-risk SNP (-243 A>G) for morbid obesity (OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.053-1.585], p = 0.014). Furthermore, familial-based analyses confirmed the association with the obesity of SNP +61450 C>A and +83897 T>A haplotype (chi(2) = 7.637, p = 0.02). In the murine insulinoma cell line betaTC3, the G at-risk allele of SNP -243 A>G increased six times GAD2 promoter activity (p < 0.0001) and induced a 6-fold higher affinity for nuclear extracts. The -243 A>G SNP was associated with higher hunger scores (p = 0.007) and disinhibition scores (p = 0.028), as assessed by the Stunkard Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. As GAD2 is highly expressed in pancreatic beta cells, we analyzed GAD65 antibody level as a marker of beta-cell activity and of insulin secretion. In the control group, -243 A>G, +61450 C>A, and +83897 T>A SNPs were associated with lower GAD65 autoantibody levels (p values of 0.003, 0.047, and 0.006, respectively). SNP +83897 T>A was associated with lower fasting insulin and insulin secretion, as assessed by the HOMA-B% homeostasis model of beta-cell function (p = 0.009 and 0.01, respectively). These data support the hypothesis of the orexigenic effect of GABA in humans and of a contribution of genes involved in GABA metabolism in the modulation of food intake and in the development of morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Boutin
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
| | - Christian Dina
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
| | - Francis Vasseur
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
- 2University Hospital of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Séverine Dubois
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
| | - Laetitia Corset
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
| | - Karin Séron
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
| | - Lynn Bekris
- 3Department of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Janice Cabellon
- 3Department of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Bernadette Neve
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
| | - Valérie Vasseur-Delannoy
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
| | - Mohamed Chikri
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
| | - M. Aline Charles
- 4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paul Brousse HospitalVillejuifFrance
| | - Karine Clement
- 5Paris VI University and INSERM “Avenir,” Department of Nutrition, Hôtel Dieu HospitalParisFrance
| | - Ake Lernmark
- 3Department of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Philippe Froguel
- 1Institute of Biology–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pasteur InstituteLilleFrance
- 6Hammersmith Genome Centre and Department of Genomic Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
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