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Meyre D, Andress EJ, Sharma T, Snippe M, Asif H, Maharaj A, Vatin V, Gaget S, Besnard P, Choquet H, Froguel P, Linton KJ. Contribution of rare coding mutations in CD36 to type 2 diabetes and cardio-metabolic complications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17123. [PMID: 31748580 PMCID: PMC6868229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We sequenced coding regions of the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) gene in 184 French individuals of European ancestry presenting simultaneously with type 2 diabetes (T2D), arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. We identified rare missense mutations (p.Pro191Leu/rs143150225 and p.Ala252Val/rs147624636) in two heterozygous cases. The two CD36 mutation carriers had no family history of T2D and no clustering of cardio-metabolic complications. While the p.Pro191Leu mutation was found in 84 heterozygous carriers from five ethnic groups from the genome aggregation database (global frequency: 0.0297%, N = 141,321), only one European carrier of the p.Ala252Val mutation was identified (global frequency: 0.00040%, N = 125,523). The Pro191 and Ala252 amino acids were not conserved (74.8% and 68.9% across 131 animal species, respectively). In vitro experiments showed that the two CD36 mutant proteins are expressed and trafficked to the plasma membrane where they bind modified low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as normal. However, molecular modelling of the recent CD36 crystal structure showed that Pro191 was located at the exit/entrance gate of the lipid binding chamber and Ala252 was in line with the chamber. Overall, our data do not support a major contribution of CD36 rare coding mutations to T2D and its cardio-metabolic complications in the French population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. .,CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University, Lille, France.
| | - Edward J Andress
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanmay Sharma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Marjolein Snippe
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hamza Asif
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arjuna Maharaj
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vincent Vatin
- CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Stefan Gaget
- CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Besnard
- UMR Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer U1231 INSERM/University Bourgogne-Franche Comté/AgroSupDijon, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Choquet
- CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University, Lille, France.,Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University, Lille, France. .,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Kenneth J Linton
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Prokopenko I, Poon W, Mägi R, Prasad B R, Salehi SA, Almgren P, Osmark P, Bouatia-Naji N, Wierup N, Fall T, Stančáková A, Barker A, Lagou V, Osmond C, Xie W, Lahti J, Jackson AU, Cheng YC, Liu J, O'Connell JR, Blomstedt PA, Fadista J, Alkayyali S, Dayeh T, Ahlqvist E, Taneera J, Lecoeur C, Kumar A, Hansson O, Hansson K, Voight BF, Kang HM, Levy-Marchal C, Vatin V, Palotie A, Syvänen AC, Mari A, Weedon MN, Loos RJF, Ong KK, Nilsson P, Isomaa B, Tuomi T, Wareham NJ, Stumvoll M, Widen E, Lakka TA, Langenberg C, Tönjes A, Rauramaa R, Kuusisto J, Frayling TM, Froguel P, Walker M, Eriksson JG, Ling C, Kovacs P, Ingelsson E, McCarthy MI, Shuldiner AR, Silver KD, Laakso M, Groop L, Lyssenko V. A central role for GRB10 in regulation of islet function in man. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004235. [PMID: 24699409 PMCID: PMC3974640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) gene were in a GWAS meta-analysis associated with reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) if inherited from the father, but inexplicably reduced fasting glucose when inherited from the mother. GRB10 is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and imprinted in a parent-of-origin fashion in different tissues. GRB10 knock-down in human pancreatic islets showed reduced insulin and glucagon secretion, which together with changes in insulin sensitivity may explain the paradoxical reduction of glucose despite a decrease in insulin secretion. Together, these findings suggest that tissue-specific methylation and possibly imprinting of GRB10 can influence glucose metabolism and contribute to T2D pathogenesis. The data also emphasize the need in genetic studies to consider whether risk alleles are inherited from the mother or the father. In this paper, we report the first large genome-wide association study in man for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) indices during an oral glucose tolerance test. We identify seven genetic loci and provide effects on GSIS for all previously reported glycemic traits and obesity genetic loci in a large-scale sample. We observe paradoxical effects of genetic variants in the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) gene yielding both reduced GSIS and reduced fasting plasma glucose concentrations, specifically showing a parent-of-origin effect of GRB10 on lower fasting plasma glucose and enhanced insulin sensitivity for maternal and elevated glucose and decreased insulin sensitivity for paternal transmissions of the risk allele. We also observe tissue-specific differences in DNA methylation and allelic imbalance in expression of GRB10 in human pancreatic islets. We further disrupt GRB10 by shRNA in human islets, showing reduction of both insulin and glucagon expression and secretion. In conclusion, we provide evidence for complex regulation of GRB10 in human islets. Our data suggest that tissue-specific methylation and imprinting of GRB10 can influence glucose metabolism and contribute to T2D pathogenesis. The data also emphasize the need in genetic studies to consider whether risk alleles are inherited from the mother or the father.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenny Poon
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rashmi Prasad B
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Osmark
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Science, Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adam Barker
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Weijia Xie
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul A Blomstedt
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mathematics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Joao Fadista
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sami Alkayyali
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tasnim Dayeh
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Hansson
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Claire Levy-Marchal
- INSERM - Institut de Santé Publique, Paris, France; INSERM CIC EC 05, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vatin
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Genetics Analysis Platform, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusettes, United States of America
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Mari
- CNR Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social Service and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kindom
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristi D Silver
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden; Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
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Bonnefond A, Raimondo A, Stutzmann F, Ghoussaini M, Ramachandrappa S, Bersten DC, Durand E, Vatin V, Balkau B, Lantieri O, Raverdy V, Pattou F, Van Hul W, Van Gaal L, Peet DJ, Weill J, Miller JL, Horber F, Goldstone AP, Driscoll DJ, Bruning JB, Meyre D, Whitelaw ML, Froguel P. Loss-of-function mutations in SIM1 contribute to obesity and Prader-Willi-like features. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3037-41. [PMID: 23778136 DOI: 10.1172/jci68035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sim1 haploinsufficiency in mice induces hyperphagic obesity and developmental abnormalities of the brain. In humans, abnormalities in chromosome 6q16, a region that includes SIM1, were reported in obese children with a Prader-Willi-like syndrome; however, SIM1 involvement in obesity has never been conclusively demonstrated. Here, SIM1 was sequenced in 44 children with Prader-Willi-like syndrome features, 198 children with severe early-onset obesity, 568 morbidly obese adults, and 383 controls. We identified 4 rare variants (p.I128T, p.Q152E, p.R581G, and p.T714A) in 4 children with Prader-Willi-like syndrome features (including severe obesity) and 4 other rare variants (p.T46R, p.E62K, p.H323Y, and p.D740H) in 7 morbidly obese adults. By assessing the carriers' relatives, we found a significant contribution of SIM1 rare variants to intra-family risk for obesity. We then assessed functional effects of the 8 substitutions on SIM1 transcriptional activities in stable cell lines using luciferase gene reporter assays. Three mutations showed strong loss-of-function effects (p.T46R, p.H323Y, and p.T714A) and were associated with high intra-family risk for obesity, while the variants with mild or no effects on SIM1 activity were not associated with obesity within families. Our genetic and functional studies demonstrate a firm link between SIM1 loss of function and severe obesity associated with, or independent of, Prader-Willi-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonnefond
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Morandi A, Meyre D, Lobbens S, Kleinman K, Kaakinen M, Rifas-Shiman SL, Vatin V, Gaget S, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Laitinen J, Ruokonen A, Das S, Khan AA, Elliott P, Maffeis C, Gillman MW, Järvelin MR, Froguel P. Estimation of newborn risk for child or adolescent obesity: lessons from longitudinal birth cohorts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49919. [PMID: 23209618 PMCID: PMC3509134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prevention of obesity should start as early as possible after birth. We aimed to build clinically useful equations estimating the risk of later obesity in newborns, as a first step towards focused early prevention against the global obesity epidemic. METHODS We analyzed the lifetime Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) (N = 4,032) to draw predictive equations for childhood and adolescent obesity from traditional risk factors (parental BMI, birth weight, maternal gestational weight gain, behaviour and social indicators), and a genetic score built from 39 BMI/obesity-associated polymorphisms. We performed validation analyses in a retrospective cohort of 1,503 Italian children and in a prospective cohort of 1,032 U.S. children. RESULTS In the NFBC1986, the cumulative accuracy of traditional risk factors predicting childhood obesity, adolescent obesity, and childhood obesity persistent into adolescence was good: AUROC = 0·78[0·74-0.82], 0·75[0·71-0·79] and 0·85[0·80-0·90] respectively (all p<0·001). Adding the genetic score produced discrimination improvements ≤1%. The NFBC1986 equation for childhood obesity remained acceptably accurate when applied to the Italian and the U.S. cohort (AUROC = 0·70[0·63-0·77] and 0·73[0·67-0·80] respectively) and the two additional equations for childhood obesity newly drawn from the Italian and the U.S. datasets showed good accuracy in respective cohorts (AUROC = 0·74[0·69-0·79] and 0·79[0·73-0·84]) (all p<0·001). The three equations for childhood obesity were converted into simple Excel risk calculators for potential clinical use. CONCLUSION This study provides the first example of handy tools for predicting childhood obesity in newborns by means of easily recorded information, while it shows that currently known genetic variants have very little usefulness for such prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Morandi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Regional Centre for Juvenile Diabetes, Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - David Meyre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Ken Kleinman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vincent Vatin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Stefan Gaget
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Shikta Das
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anokhi Ali Khan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Regional Centre for Juvenile Diabetes, Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matthew W. Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Course and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Rouskas K, Meyre D, Stutzmann F, Paletas K, Papazoglou D, Vatin V, Marchand M, Kouvatsi A, Froguel P. Loss-of-function mutations in MC4R are very rare in the Greek severely obese adult population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:2278-82. [PMID: 22447289 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) loss-of-function mutations are the commonest genetic cause of human monogenic obesity, so far. The contribution of MC4R coding mutations to severe obesity in the high-obesity prone Greek population has not been investigated to date. We determined the MC4R coding sequence of 510 obese and 469 lean control subjects of Greek origin, and we estimated the prevalence and the penetrance on obesity of MC4R loss-of-function mutations. The functional impact of novel nonsynonymous variants detected was investigated in vitro. We found two novel synonymous mutations (L23L and I102I), four nonsynonymous mutations (T112M, S127L, N274S, and S295L), and two polymorphisms (V103I and I251L) previously described in literature. We also detected a novel mutation (L207V) in a severely obese 69-year-old female patient, although the mutation did not cosegregate with obesity in the corresponding pedigree and had no functional consequences on MC4R protein function. Loss-of-function mutations represented 75% of all nonsynonymous rare mutations identified among lean carriers and only 25% among obese subjects (P = 0.0001). The prevalence of loss-of-function mutations was lower in the obese group than in lean control subjects (0.20 vs. 0.64%) but this difference was not significant. Therefore, the estimated penetrance of deleterious MC4R mutations was very low (6.3%) in heterozygous Greek carriers of MC4R loss-of-function mutations. Our data suggest that MC4R loss-of-function mutations are rare in the Greek population. MC4R genetic deficiency is unlikely to explain the high propensity to develop severe obesity in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Rouskas
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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6
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Bonnefond A, Philippe J, Durand E, Dechaume A, Huyvaert M, Montagne L, Marre M, Balkau B, Fajardy I, Vambergue A, Vatin V, Delplanque J, Le Guilcher D, De Graeve F, Lecoeur C, Sand O, Vaxillaire M, Froguel P. Whole-exome sequencing and high throughput genotyping identified KCNJ11 as the thirteenth MODY gene. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37423. [PMID: 22701567 PMCID: PMC3372463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maturity-onset of the young (MODY) is a clinically heterogeneous form of diabetes characterized by an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance, an onset before the age of 25 years, and a primary defect in the pancreatic beta-cell function. Approximately 30% of MODY families remain genetically unexplained (MODY-X). Here, we aimed to use whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a four-generation MODY-X family to identify a new susceptibility gene for MODY. Methodology WES (Agilent-SureSelect capture/Illumina-GAIIx sequencing) was performed in three affected and one non-affected relatives in the MODY-X family. We then performed a high-throughput multiplex genotyping (Illumina-GoldenGate assay) of the putative causal mutations in the whole family and in 406 controls. A linkage analysis was also carried out. Principal Findings By focusing on variants of interest (i.e. gains of stop codon, frameshift, non-synonymous and splice-site variants not reported in dbSNP130) present in the three affected relatives and not present in the control, we found 69 mutations. However, as WES was not uniform between samples, a total of 324 mutations had to be assessed in the whole family and in controls. Only one mutation (p.Glu227Lys in KCNJ11) co-segregated with diabetes in the family (with a LOD-score of 3.68). No KCNJ11 mutation was found in 25 other MODY-X unrelated subjects. Conclusions/Significance Beyond neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), KCNJ11 is also a MODY gene (‘MODY13’), confirming the wide spectrum of diabetes related phenotypes due to mutations in NDM genes (i.e. KCNJ11, ABCC8 and INS). Therefore, the molecular diagnosis of MODY should include KCNJ11 as affected carriers can be ideally treated with oral sulfonylureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Julien Philippe
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Huyvaert
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Louise Montagne
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Antoine Pediatric Hospital, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Inserm-U695, Paris 7 University, Paris, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm-U1018, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Sud 11 University, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anne Vambergue
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- EA 4489 “Perinatal Environment and Fetal Growth”, Department of Diabetology, Huriez Hospital, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Vatin
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Delplanque
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - David Le Guilcher
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Franck De Graeve
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Sand
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Rouskas K, Kouvatsi A, Paletas K, Papazoglou D, Tsapas A, Lobbens S, Vatin V, Durand E, Labrune Y, Delplanque J, Meyre D, Froguel P. Common variants in FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, PRL, AIF1, and PCSK1 show evidence of association with adult obesity in the Greek population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:389-95. [PMID: 21720444 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reproducibly associated with obesity. We performed a follow-up study for obesity in the Greek adult population. A total of 510 obese and 469 lean adults were genotyped for 24 SNPs. We tested the association with obesity status using logistic regression and we evaluated the combined genetic risk of 24 SNPs by calculating the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We nominally replicated the association with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)) of six SNPs in or near the FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, PRL, AIF1, and PCSK1 loci (1.28 ≤ odds ratio (OR) ≤ 1.35; 0.004 ≤ P ≤ 0.043). The discrimination ability for obesity was slightly stronger (P = 9.59 × 10(-6)) when the genetic information of the 24 SNPs was added to nongenetic risk factors (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.722) in comparison with nongenetic factors analyzed alone (AUC = 0.685). Our data suggest that SNPs in or near the FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, PRL, AIF1, and PCSK1 loci contribute to obesity risk in the Greek population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Rouskas
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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8
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Creemers JW, Choquet H, Stijnen P, Vatin V, Pigeyre M, Beckers S, Meulemans S, Than ME, Yengo L, Tauber M, Balkau B, Elliott P, Jarvelin MR, Van Hul W, Van Gaal L, Horber F, Pattou F, Froguel P, Meyre D. Heterozygous mutations causing partial prohormone convertase 1 deficiency contribute to human obesity. Diabetes 2012; 61:383-90. [PMID: 22210313 PMCID: PMC3266396 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Null mutations in the PCSK1 gene, encoding the proprotein convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), cause recessive monogenic early onset obesity. Frequent coding variants that modestly impair PC1/3 function mildly increase the risk for common obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of rare functional PCSK1 mutations to obesity. PCSK1 exons were sequenced in 845 nonconsanguineous extremely obese Europeans. Eight novel nonsynonymous PCSK1 mutations were identified, all heterozygous. Seven mutations had a deleterious effect on either the maturation or the enzymatic activity of PC1/3 in cell lines. Of interest, five of these novel mutations, one of the previously described frequent variants (N221D), and the mutation found in an obese mouse model (N222D), affect residues at or near the structural calcium binding site Ca-1. The prevalence of the newly identified mutations was assessed in 6,233 obese and 6,274 lean European adults and children, which showed that carriers of any of these mutations causing partial PCSK1 deficiency had an 8.7-fold higher risk to be obese than wild-type carriers. These results provide the first evidence of an increased risk of obesity in heterozygous carriers of mutations in the PCSK1 gene. Furthermore, mutations causing partial PCSK1 deficiency are present in 0.83% of extreme obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W.M. Creemers
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding authors: John W.M. Creemers, , and Philippe Froguel,
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Lille North of France University, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Pieter Stijnen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Lille North of France University, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital University, Lille, France
| | - Sigri Beckers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Meulemans
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel E. Than
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Loïc Yengo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Lille North of France University, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Maithé Tauber
- INSERM U563, Children’s Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, National Public Health Institute, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fritz Horber
- Department of Surgery and Internal Medicine, Clinic Lindberg, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - François Pattou
- INSERM U859, Lille North of France University, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Lille North of France University, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Corresponding authors: John W.M. Creemers, , and Philippe Froguel,
| | - David Meyre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8199, Lille North of France University, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Heid IM, Jackson AU, Randall JC, Winkler TW, Qi L, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Zillikens MC, Speliotes EK, Mägi R, Workalemahu T, White CC, Bouatia-Naji N, Harris TB, Berndt SI, Ingelsson E, Willer CJ, Weedon MN, Luan J, Vedantam S, Esko T, Kilpeläinen TO, Kutalik Z, Li S, Monda KL, Dixon AL, Holmes CC, Kaplan LM, Liang L, Min JL, Moffatt MF, Molony C, Nicholson G, Schadt EE, Zondervan KT, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Allen HL, Weyant RJ, Wheeler E, Wood AR, Estrada K, Goddard ME, Lettre G, Mangino M, Nyholt DR, Purcell S, Vernon Smith A, Visscher PM, Yang J, McCarroll SA, Nemesh J, Voight BF, Absher D, Amin N, Aspelund T, Coin L, Glazer NL, Hayward C, Heard-Costa NL, Hottenga JJ, Johansson Å, Johnson T, Kaakinen M, Kapur K, Ketkar S, Knowles JW, Kraft P, Kraja AT, Lamina C, Leitzmann MF, McKnight B, Morris AP, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Peters MJ, Polasek O, Prokopenko I, Rayner NW, Ripatti S, Rivadeneira F, Robertson NR, Sanna S, Sovio U, Surakka I, Teumer A, van Wingerden S, Vitart V, Zhao JH, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Chines PS, Fisher E, Kulzer JR, Lecoeur C, Narisu N, Sandholt C, Scott LJ, Silander K, Stark K, Tammesoo ML, Teslovich TM, Timpson NJ, Watanabe RM, Welch R, Chasman DI, Cooper MN, Jansson JO, Kettunen J, Lawrence RW, Pellikka N, Perola M, Vandenput L, Alavere H, Almgren P, Atwood LD, Bennett AJ, Biffar R, Bonnycastle LL, Bornstein SR, Buchanan TA, Campbell H, Day INM, Dei M, Dörr M, Elliott P, Erdos MR, Eriksson JG, Freimer NB, Fu M, Gaget S, Geus EJC, Gjesing AP, Grallert H, Gräßler J, Groves CJ, Guiducci C, Hartikainen AL, Hassanali N, Havulinna AS, Herzig KH, Hicks AA, Hui J, Igl W, Jousilahti P, Jula A, Kajantie E, Kinnunen L, Kolcic I, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Kroemer HK, Krzelj V, Kuusisto J, Kvaloy K, Laitinen J, Lantieri O, Lathrop GM, Lokki ML, Luben RN, Ludwig B, McArdle WL, McCarthy A, Morken MA, Nelis M, Neville MJ, Paré G, Parker AN, Peden JF, Pichler I, Pietiläinen KH, Platou CGP, Pouta A, Ridderstråle M, Samani NJ, Saramies J, Sinisalo J, Smit JH, Strawbridge RJ, Stringham HM, Swift AJ, Teder-Laving M, Thomson B, Usala G, van Meurs JBJ, van Ommen GJ, Vatin V, Volpato CB, Wallaschofski H, Walters GB, Widen E, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Witte DR, Zgaga L, Zitting P, Beilby JP, James AL, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Nieminen MS, Ohlsson C, Palmer LJ, Raitakari O, Ridker PM, Stumvoll M, Tönjes A, Viikari J, Balkau B, Ben-Shlomo Y, Bergman RN, Boeing H, Smith GD, Ebrahim S, Froguel P, Hansen T, Hengstenberg C, Hveem K, Isomaa B, Jørgensen T, Karpe F, Khaw KT, Laakso M, Lawlor DA, Marre M, Meitinger T, Metspalu A, Midthjell K, Pedersen O, Salomaa V, Schwarz PEH, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Valle TT, Wareham NJ, Arnold AM, Beckmann JS, Bergmann S, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Caulfield MJ, Collins FS, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hamsten A, Hattersley AT, Hofman A, Hu FB, Illig T, Iribarren C, Jarvelin MR, Kao WHL, Kaprio J, Launer LJ, Munroe PB, Oostra B, Penninx BW, Pramstaller PP, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rissanen A, Rudan I, Shuldiner AR, Soranzo N, Spector TD, Syvanen AC, Uda M, Uitterlinden A, Völzke H, Vollenweider P, Wilson JF, Witteman JC, Wright AF, Abecasis GR, Boehnke M, Borecki IB, Deloukas P, Frayling TM, Groop LC, Haritunians T, Hunter DJ, Kaplan RC, North KE, O'Connell JR, Peltonen L, Schlessinger D, Strachan DP, Hirschhorn JN, Assimes TL, Wichmann HE, Thorsteinsdottir U, van Duijn CM, Stefansson K, Cupples LA, Loos RJF, Barroso I, McCarthy MI, Fox CS, Mohlke KL, Lindgren CM. Erratum: Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. Nat Genet 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/ng1111-1164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Ghoussaini M, Stutzmann F, Couturier C, Vatin V, Durand E, Lecoeur C, Degraeve F, Heude B, Tauber M, Hercberg S, Levy-Marchal C, Tounian P, Weill J, Traurig M, Bogardus C, Baier LJ, Michaud JL, Froguel P, Meyre D. Analysis of the SIM1 contribution to polygenic obesity in the French population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1670-5. [PMID: 20075856 PMCID: PMC2953787 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SIM1 (single-minded 1) haploinsufficiency is responsible for obesity in both humans and mice, but the contribution of frequent DNA variation to polygenic obesity is unknown. Sequencing of all exons, exon/intron boundaries, 870 base pairs (bp) of the putative promoter, and 1,095 bp of the 3'UTR of SIM1 gene in 143 obese children and 24 control adults identified 13 common variants. After analysis of the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, association study of eight variants was performed in 1,275 obese children and severely obese adults, in 1,395 control subjects, and in 578 obesity-selected pedigrees. A nominal evidence of association was found for the nonsynonymous variant P352T C/A (rs3734354) (P = 0.01, OR = 0.81 (0.70-0.95)), the +2,004 TGA -/insT SNP (rs35180395) (P = 0.02, OR = 1.21 (1.02-1.43)), the +2,215A/G TGA SNP (rs9386126) (P = 0.002, OR = 0.81 (0.71-0.93)), and pooled childhood/adult obesity. Even though transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) further supported the association of P352T and +2,004 -/inst T with obesity, none of these nominal associations remained significant after a multiple testing Bonferroni correction. Therefore, our study excludes a major contribution of SIM1 common variants in exons, 5' and 3' UTR regions in polygenic obesity susceptibility in French Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ghoussaini
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Fanny Stutzmann
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Couturier
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Vatin
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Franck Degraeve
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Epidemiological and Statistical Research, INSERM U780, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Maithé Tauber
- Center of Physiopathology Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U563, Children’s Hospital, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Centre of Research in Nutrition, UMR U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Université Paris 13, CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France
| | - Claire Levy-Marchal
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, INSERM, U690, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Tounian
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Weill
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Michael Traurig
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Leslie J. Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Philippe Froguel
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, ‘Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Meyre
- Genomics and Molecular Physiology of Metabolic Diseases, CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Vrang N, Meyre D, Froguel P, Jelsing J, Tang-Christensen M, Vatin V, Mikkelsen JD, Thirstrup K, Larsen LK, Cullberg KB, Fahrenkrug J, Jacobson P, Sjöström L, Carlsson LMS, Liu Y, Liu X, Deng HW, Larsen PJ. The imprinted gene neuronatin is regulated by metabolic status and associated with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1289-96. [PMID: 19851307 PMCID: PMC2921166 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Using restriction fragment differential display (RFDD) technology, we have identified the imprinted gene neuronatin (Nnat) as a hypothalamic target under the influence of leptin. Nnat mRNA expression is decreased in several key appetite regulatory hypothalamic nuclei in rodents with impaired leptin signaling and during fasting conditions. Furthermore, peripheral administration of leptin to ob/ob mice normalizes hypothalamic Nnat expression. Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of human and rat hypothalami demonstrates that NNAT protein is present in anatomically equivalent nuclei, suggesting human physiological relevance of the gene product(s). A putative role of Nnat in human energy homeostasis is further emphasized by a consistent association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human Nnat gene and severe childhood and adult obesity.
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12
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Scherag A, Dina C, Hinney A, Vatin V, Scherag S, Vogel CIG, Müller TD, Grallert H, Wichmann HE, Balkau B, Heude B, Jarvelin MR, Hartikainen AL, Levy-Marchal C, Weill J, Delplanque J, Körner A, Kiess W, Kovacs P, Rayner NW, Prokopenko I, McCarthy MI, Schäfer H, Jarick I, Boeing H, Fisher E, Reinehr T, Heinrich J, Rzehak P, Berdel D, Borte M, Biebermann H, Krude H, Rosskopf D, Rimmbach C, Rief W, Fromme T, Klingenspor M, Schürmann A, Schulz N, Nöthen MM, Mühleisen TW, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Moebus S, Boes T, Illig T, Froguel P, Hebebrand J, Meyre D. Two new Loci for body-weight regulation identified in a joint analysis of genome-wide association studies for early-onset extreme obesity in French and german study groups. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000916. [PMID: 20421936 PMCID: PMC2858696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses of population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults have recently led to the detection of new genetic loci for obesity. Here we aimed to discover additional obesity loci in extremely obese children and adolescents. We also investigated if these results generalize by estimating the effects of these obesity loci in adults and in population-based samples including both children and adults. We jointly analysed two GWAS of 2,258 individuals and followed-up the best, according to lowest p-values, 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 21 genomic regions in 3,141 individuals. After this DISCOVERY step, we explored if the findings derived from the extremely obese children and adolescents (10 SNPs from 5 genomic regions) generalized to (i) the population level and (ii) to adults by genotyping another 31,182 individuals (GENERALIZATION step). Apart from previously identified FTO, MC4R, and TMEM18, we detected two new loci for obesity: one in SDCCAG8 (serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 gene; p = 1.85×10−8 in the DISCOVERY step) and one between TNKS (tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase gene) and MSRA (methionine sulfoxide reductase A gene; p = 4.84×10−7), the latter finding being limited to children and adolescents as demonstrated in the GENERALIZATION step. The odds ratios for early-onset obesity were estimated at ∼1.10 per risk allele for both loci. Interestingly, the TNKS/MSRA locus has recently been found to be associated with adult waist circumference. In summary, we have completed a meta-analysis of two GWAS which both focus on extremely obese children and adolescents and replicated our findings in a large followed-up data set. We observed that genetic variants in or near FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, SDCCAG8, and TNKS/MSRA were robustly associated with early-onset obesity. We conclude that the currently known major common variants related to obesity overlap to a substantial degree between children and adults. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully contributed to the detection of genetic variants involved in body-weight regulation. We jointly analysed two GWAS for early-onset extreme obesity in 2,258 individuals of European origin and followed-up the findings in 3,141 individuals. Evidence for association of markers in two new genetic loci was shown (SDCCAG8 on chromosome 1q43–q44 and between TNKS/MSRA on chromosome 8p23.1). We also re-identified variants in or near FTO, MC4R, and TMEM18 to be associated with extreme obesity. In addition, we assessed the effect of the markers in 31,182 obese, lean, normal weight, and unselected individuals from population-based samples and showed that the variants near FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, and SDCCAG8 were consistently associated with obesity. For variants of TNKS/MSRA, the obesity association was limited to children and adolescents. In summary, we detected two new obesity loci and confirmed that the currently known major common variants related to obesity overlap to a substantial degree between children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Scherag
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (AS); (PF)
| | - Christian Dina
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vincent Vatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Susann Scherag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carla I. G. Vogel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Harald Grallert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Data Management, Biometrics, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease over the Lifecourse, Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease over the Lifecourse, Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, National Public Health Institute, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Jacques Weill
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Delplanque
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigel W. Rayner
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut Schäfer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ivonne Jarick
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Eva Fisher
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Institute for Paediatric Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Data Management, Biometrics, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Data Management, Biometrics, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Department of Paediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Michael Borte
- Children's Hospital, Municipal Hospital “St Georg”, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Rosskopf
- Institute for Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Rimmbach
- Institute for Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Nadja Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Boes
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Data Management, Biometrics, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AS); (PF)
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David Meyre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Walters RG, Jacquemont S, Valsesia A, de Smith AJ, Martinet D, Andersson J, Falchi M, Chen F, Andrieux J, Lobbens S, Delobel B, Stutzmann F, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Vatin V, Bouquillon S, Buxton JL, Boute O, Holder-Espinasse M, Cuisset JM, Lemaitre MP, Ambresin AE, Brioschi A, Gaillard M, Giusti V, Fellmann F, Ferrarini A, Hadjikhani N, Campion D, Guilmatre A, Goldenberg A, Calmels N, Mandel JL, Le Caignec C, David A, Isidor B, Cordier MP, Dupuis-Girod S, Labalme A, Sanlaville D, Béri-Dexheimer M, Jonveaux P, Leheup B, Ounap K, Bochukova EG, Henning E, Keogh J, Ellis RJ, Macdermot KD, van Haelst MM, Vincent-Delorme C, Plessis G, Touraine R, Philippe A, Malan V, Mathieu-Dramard M, Chiesa J, Blaumeiser B, Kooy RF, Caiazzo R, Pigeyre M, Balkau B, Sladek R, Bergmann S, Mooser V, Waterworth D, Reymond A, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Kurg A, Palta P, Esko T, Metspalu A, Nelis M, Elliott P, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy MI, Peltonen L, Carlsson L, Jacobson P, Sjöström L, Huang N, Hurles ME, O'Rahilly S, Farooqi IS, Männik K, Jarvelin MR, Pattou F, Meyre D, Walley AJ, Coin LJM, Blakemore AIF, Froguel P, Beckmann JS. A new highly penetrant form of obesity due to deletions on chromosome 16p11.2. Nature 2010; 463:671-5. [PMID: 20130649 PMCID: PMC2880448 DOI: 10.1038/nature08727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R G Walters
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Bouhaha R, Baroudi T, Ennafaa H, Vaillant E, Abid H, Sassi R, Vatin V, Froguel P, Gaaied ABE, Meyre D, Vaxillaire M. Study of TNFalpha -308G/A and IL6 -174G/C polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes and obesity risk in the Tunisian population. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:549-52. [PMID: 20132806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated two genetic markers in pro inflammatory molecules : TNFalpha -308G/A and IL6 -174G/C in order to assess their effect on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in the Tunisian population. DESIGN AND METHODS The study sample includes 228 patients with T2D and 300 healthy controls. Genotyping of IL6 -174G/C (rs1800795) was performed using Automated Dye Terminator Sequencing and of TNFalpha -308G/A (rs1800629) using the LightTyper technology. RESULTS SNPs IL6 -174G/C and TNFalpha -308G/A are associated neither with T2D (p=0.89, p=0.34 respectively) nor with risk for overweight (p=0.86, p=0.12 respectively) in Tunisian population. Bonferroni correction showed that the founded association of IL6 -174G/C SNP with T2D susceptibility restricted to overweight patients (p(nominal)=0.03, p(corrected)=0.0033) is likely to be a random result. CONCLUSION SNPs IL6 -174G/C and TNFalpha -308G/A are not major contributors to T2D or obesity risk in our Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Bouhaha
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Meyre D, Proulx K, Kawagoe-Takaki H, Vatin V, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R, Lyon D, Ma M, Choquet H, Horber F, Van Hul W, Van Gaal L, Balkau B, Visvikis-Siest S, Pattou F, Farooqi IS, Saudek V, O'Rahilly S, Froguel P, Sedgwick B, Yeo GS. Prevalence of loss-of-function FTO mutations in lean and obese individuals. Diabetes 2010; 59:311-8. [PMID: 19833892 PMCID: PMC2797938 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 1 of fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO) are strongly associated with human adiposity, whereas Fto(-/-) mice are lean and Fto(+/-) mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity. We aimed to determine whether FTO mutations are disproportionately represented in lean or obese humans and to use these mutations to understand structure-function relationships within FTO. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We sequenced all coding exons of FTO in 1,433 severely obese and 1,433 lean individuals. We studied the enzymatic activity of selected nonsynonymous variants. RESULTS We identified 33 heterozygous nonsynonymous variants in lean (2.3%) and 35 in obese (2.4%) individuals, with 8 mutations unique to the obese and 11 unique to the lean. Two novel mutations replace absolutely conserved residues: R322Q in the catalytic domain and R96H in the predicted substrate recognition lid. R322Q was unable to catalyze the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate in the presence or absence of 3-methylthymidine. R96H retained some basal activity, which was not enhanced by 3-methylthymidine. However, both were found in lean and obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in FTO exist but are found in both lean and obese subjects. Although intron 1 SNPs are unequivocally associated with obesity in multiple populations and murine studies strongly suggest that FTO has a role in energy balance, it appears that loss of one functional copy of FTO in humans is compatible with being either lean or obese. Functional analyses of FTO mutations have given novel insights into structure-function relationships in this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meyre
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Karine Proulx
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Hiroko Kawagoe-Takaki
- Cancer Research U.K. London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, U.K
| | - Vincent Vatin
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | | | - Debbie Lyon
- Cancer Research U.K. London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, U.K
| | - Marcella Ma
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Helene Choquet
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Fritz Horber
- Klinik Lindberg, Winterthur, and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM U780, Villejuif, France, and University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | | | - François Pattou
- INSERM U859, CHRU Lille, Lille North of France University, Lille, France
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Barbara Sedgwick
- Cancer Research U.K. London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, U.K
| | - Giles S.H. Yeo
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Corresponding author: Giles Yeo,
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Blakemore AIF, Meyre D, Delplanque J, Vatin V, Lecoeur C, Marre M, Tichet J, Balkau B, Froguel P, Walley AJ. A rare variant in the visfatin gene (NAMPT/PBEF1) is associated with protection from obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1549-53. [PMID: 19300429 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Visfatin was recently reported as a novel adipokine encoded by the NAMPT (PBEF1) gene. This study was aimed at investigation of the possibility that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the visfatin gene are associated with either obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D). A set of eight "tag-SNPs" were selected and ABI SNPlex assays designed for genotyping purposes. A total of 1,709 severely obese subjects were typed (896 class III obese adults and 813 children) together with 2,367 T2D individuals and 2,850 controls. For quantitative trait analysis, an additional 2,362 subjects were typed for rs10487818 from a general population sample. One rare SNP, rs10487818, located in intron 4 of NAMPT was associated with severe obesity, with a minor allele frequency of 1.6% in controls, 0.4% in the class III obese adults and, remarkably, 0% in the severely obese children. A highly significant association was observed for the presence or absence of the rare allele, i.e., (A,A) vs. (A,T + T,T) genotypes, in children (P = 6 x 10(-9)) and in adults (P = 8 x 10(-5)). No other significant (P < 0.05) association was observed with obesity or T2D for this or any other SNP. No association with BMI or waist-to-hip ratio was observed in a general population sample (n = 5,212). This is one of the first rare SNPs shown to be protective against a common polygenic disease and provides further evidence that rare alleles of strong effect can contribute to complex diseases such as severe obesity.
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Gueorguiev M, Lecoeur C, Meyre D, Benzinou M, Mein CA, Hinney A, Vatin V, Weill J, Heude B, Hebebrand J, Grossman AB, Korbonits M, Froguel P. Association studies on ghrelin and ghrelin receptor gene polymorphisms with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:745-54. [PMID: 19165163 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin exerts a stimulatory effect on appetite and regulates energy homeostasis. Ghrelin gene variants have been shown to be associated with metabolic traits, although there is evidence suggesting linkage and association with obesity and the ghrelin receptor (GHSR). We hypothesized that these genes are good candidates for susceptibility to obesity. Direct sequencing identified 12 ghrelin single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 GHSR SNPs. The 10 common SNPs were genotyped in 1,275 obese subjects and in 1,059 subjects from a general population cohort of European origin. In the obesity case-control study, the GHSR SNP rs572169 was found to be associated with obesity (P = 0.007 in additive model, P = 0.001 in dominant model, odds ratio (OR) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (1.23-2.44)). The ghrelin variant, g.A265T (rs4684677), showed an association with obesity (P = 0.009, BMI adjusted for age and sex) in obese families. The ghrelin variant, g.A-604G (rs27647), showed an association with insulin levels at 2-h post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (P = 0.009) in obese families. We found an association between the eating behavior "overeating" and the GHSR SNP rs2232169 (P = 0.02) in obese subjects. However, none of these associations remained significant when corrected for multiple comparisons. Replication of the nominal associations with obesity could not be confirmed in a German genome-wide association (GWA) study for rs4684677 and rs572169 polymorphisms. Our data suggest that common polymorphisms in ghrelin and its receptor genes are not major contributors to the development of polygenic obesity, although common variants may alter body weight and eating behavior and contribute to insulin resistance, in particular in the context of early-onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gueorguiev
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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El Achhab Y, Meyre D, Bouatia-Naji N, Berraho M, Deweirder M, Vatin V, Delplanque J, Serhier Z, Lyoussi B, Nejjari C, Froguel P, Chikri M. Association of the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism with type 2 diabetes and obesity in the Moroccan population. Diabetes & Metabolism 2009; 35:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Lobbens S, Gallina S, Durand E, Vatin V, Degraeve F, Proença C, Gaget S, Körner A, Kovacs P, Kiess W, Tichet J, Marre M, Hartikainen AL, Horber F, Potoczna N, Hercberg S, Levy-Marchal C, Pattou F, Heude B, Tauber M, McCarthy MI, Blakemore AIF, Montpetit A, Polychronakos C, Weill J, Coin LJM, Asher J, Elliott P, Järvelin MR, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Sladek R, Balding D, Walley A, Dina C, Froguel P. Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nat Genet 2009; 41:157-9. [PMID: 19151714 DOI: 10.1038/ng.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed genome-wide association data from 1,380 Europeans with early-onset and morbid adult obesity and 1,416 age-matched normal-weight controls. Thirty-eight markers showing strong association were further evaluated in 14,186 European subjects. In addition to FTO and MC4R, we detected significant association of obesity with three new risk loci in NPC1 (endosomal/lysosomal Niemann-Pick C1 gene, P = 2.9 x 10(-7)), near MAF (encoding the transcription factor c-MAF, P = 3.8 x 10(-13)) and near PTER (phosphotriesterase-related gene, P = 2.1 x 10(-7)).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meyre
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, 59000 Lille, France
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Gueorguiev M, Lecoeur C, Benzinou M, Mein CA, Meyre D, Vatin V, Weill J, Heude B, Grossman AB, Froguel P, Korbonits M. A Genetic Study of the Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) Genes and Stature. Ann Hum Genet 2009; 73:1-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Morandi A, Pinelli L, Petrone A, Vatin V, Buzzetti R, Froguel P, Meyre D. The Q121 variant of ENPP1 may protect from childhood overweight/obesity in the Italian population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:202-6. [PMID: 18948963 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase Phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) downregulates insulin signaling by inhibiting the insulin receptor's tyrosine-kinase. K121Q and other ENPP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), IVS20delT-11 and A/G+1044TGA, have been previously associated with obesity in French children, and the risk haplotype QdelTG has also been associated with this condition in both French and German children. Our aim was to perform a case-control replication study in order to assess the possible association of childhood obesity and overweight with the above-mentioned ENPP1 SNPs, and with the QdelTG haplotype, in the Italian population. A total of 865 healthy Italian children were studied: 453 normal-weight, 243 overweight and 169 obese subjects. Genotyping was performed by Taq-Man or Light-Cycler Technology. The Q variant of K121Q showed a negative association with overweight-obesity under both additive (odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.57-0.97, P = 0.030) and recessive (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.10-0.97, P = 0.035) modes of inheritance. The Z-score of BMI showed a significant decreasing trend from children K/K homozygous to K/Q heterozygous, and to Q/Q homozygous (0.45 vs. 0.28 vs. -0.19; P = 0.009), according to the additive model. The two other SNPs and the QdelTG haplotype did not exhibit any association with overweight/obesity. This is the first child-based study showing a protective role of the 121Q variant of ENPP1 against overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Morandi
- 1Department of Mother and Child, Biology-Genetics, Section of Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Bouhaha R, Meyre D, Kamoun HA, Ennafaa H, Vaillant E, Sassi R, Baroudi T, Vatin V, Froguel P, Elgaaied A, Vaxillaire M. Effect of ENPP1/PC-1-K121Q and PPARgamma-Pro12Ala polymorphisms on the genetic susceptibility to T2D in the Tunisian population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 81:278-83. [PMID: 18657335 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic metabolic disease. The raising diabetes epidemic is unfolding as an interaction between several environmental factors and a genetic predisposition. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of the PPARgamma-Pro12Ala and ENPP1-K121Q polymorphisms on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in a case-control study in the Tunisian population. To assess for any association of ENPP1-K121Q and PPARgamma-Pro12Ala polymorphisms with T2D risk, we analysed the genotypic and allelic distributions of each variant in the studied cohort. Our results support that the genetic variation at ENPP1-K121Q predisposes to T2D in the Tunisian population after adjustment on gender, age and BMI status (OR=1.55, 95%CI [1.11-2.16], p=0.007). Conversely, the PPARgamma-Pro12Ala variant seems not to have a significant effect on T2D risk in our Tunisian cohort. However, the minor A-allele would convey protection against overweight in the Tunisian population. In fact, the over weighted subjects showed a significantly lower frequency of A-allele than lean controls (OR=0.49, 95%CI [0.25-0.97], p=0.02). In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that ENPP1-121Q is involved in the genetic susceptibility of T2D in the Tunisian population, while the PPARgamma-12Ala allele may confer protection against overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bouhaha
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Stutzmann F, Tan K, Vatin V, Dina C, Jouret B, Tichet J, Balkau B, Potoczna N, Horber F, O'Rahilly S, Farooqi IS, Froguel P, Meyre D. Prevalence of melanocortin-4 receptor deficiency in Europeans and their age-dependent penetrance in multigenerational pedigrees. Diabetes 2008; 57:2511-8. [PMID: 18559663 PMCID: PMC2518504 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency is the most frequent genetic cause of obesity. However, there is uncertainty regarding the degree of penetrance of this condition, and the putative impact of the environment on the development of obesity in MC4R mutation carriers is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We determined the MC4R sequence in 2,257 obese individuals and 2,677 nonobese control subjects of European origin and established the likely functional impact of all variants detected. We then included relatives of probands carriers and studied 25 pedigrees, including 97 carriers and 94 noncarriers from three generations. RESULTS Of the MC4R nonsynonymous mutations found in obese subjects, 68% resulted in a loss of function in vitro. They were found in 1.72% of obese versus 0.15% of nonobesed subjects (P = 6.9 x 10(-10)). Among the families, abnormal eating behavior was more frequent in both MC4R-deficient children and adults than in noncarriers. Although BMI was inversely associated with educational status in noncarrier adults, no such relationship was seen in MC4R mutation carriers. We observed a generational effect, with a penetrance of 40% in MC4R-deficient adults aged >52 years, 60% in 18- to 52-year-old adults, and 79% in children. The longitudinal study of adult carriers showed an increasing age-dependent penetrance (37% at 20 years versus 60% at >40 years). CONCLUSIONS We have established a robust estimate of age-related penetrance for MC4R deficiency and demonstrated a generational effect on penetrance, which may relate to the development of an "obesogenic" environment. It remains to be seen whether appropriate manipulation of environmental factors may contribute to preventing the development of obesity even in those strongly genetically predisposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Stutzmann
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-8090, Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Karen Tan
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Vincent Vatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-8090, Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Christian Dina
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-8090, Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Béatrice Jouret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Tichet
- Institut inter Régional pour la Santé, La Riche, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U780-IFR69, Villejuif, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Natascha Potoczna
- Klinik Lindberg, Winterthur, and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Fritz Horber
- Klinik Lindberg, Winterthur, and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-8090, Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - David Meyre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-8090, Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Bouatia-Naji N, De Graeve F, Brönner G, Lecoeur C, Vatin V, Durand E, Lichtner P, Nguyen TT, Heude B, Weill J, Lévy-Marchal C, Hebebrand J, Froguel P, Meyre D. INS VNTR is not associated with childhood obesity in 1,023 families: a family-based study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1471-5. [PMID: 18388898 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have described genetic associations of the insulin gene variable number tandem repeat (INS VNTR) variant with childhood obesity and associated phenotypes. We aimed to assess the contribution of INS VNTR genotypes to childhood obesity and variance of insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and birth weight using family-based design. Participants were either French or German whites. We used transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) for assessing binary traits and quantitative pedigree disequilibrium tests for assessing continuous traits. In contrast to previous findings, we did not observe any familial association with childhood obesity (T = 50%, P = 0.77) in the 1,023 families tested. In French obese children, INS VNTR did not associate with fasting insulin levels (P = 0.23) and class I allele showed only borderline association with increased insulin secretion index at 30 min (P = 0.03). INS VNTR did not associate with birth weight in obese children (P = 0.98) and TDT analyses in 350 French families with history of low birth weight (LBW) showed no association with this condition (P = 0.92). In summary, our study, the largest performed so far, does not support the previously reported associations between INS VNTR and childhood obesity, insulin resistance, or birth weight, and does not suggest any major role for this variant in modulating these traits.
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Ghoussaini M, Vatin V, Lecoeur C, Abkevich V, Younus A, Samson C, Wachter C, Heude B, Tauber M, Tounian P, Hercberg S, Weill J, Levy-Marchal C, Le Stunff C, Bougnères P, Froguel P, Meyre D. Genetic study of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 in childhood and adulthood severe obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4403-9. [PMID: 17698913 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 (MCHR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, a neuropeptide that plays an important role in feeding behaviors. MCHR2 maps on chromosome 6q16.3, in a susceptibility locus for childhood obesity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MCHR2 variation and human obesity. DESIGN Case control and family-based studies were performed. PARTICIPANTS A total of 141 obese children and 24 nonobese adult subjects was sequenced, and case-control analyses were conducted using 628 severely obese children and 1,401 controls. RESULTS There were 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified. We showed nominal association among -38,245 ATG A/G SNP (P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.34; odds ratio 1.17), A76A T/C SNP (P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.97; odds ratio 0.75), and childhood obesity. Analysis of 645 trios with childhood obesity supported further the A76A T/C association, showing an overtransmission to obese children of the at risk T allele (59.0%; P = 0.01), especially in children with most severe forms of obesity (Z score of body mass index > 4) (67.0%; P = 0.003). The A76A at risk T allele was also associated with overeating during meals (P = 0.02) in an additional group of 102 nonobese children. None of the MCHR2 variants, including the A76A SNP, showed association with adult severe obesity, although a trend for association of the T allele of this variant with food disinhibition (P = 0.06) and higher hunger (P = 0.09) was found. This variant was not associated with childhood obesity in an independent case-control study, including 1,573 subjects (P = 0.98). Moreover, the A76A SNP did not explain the linkage on the 6q locus. CONCLUSION Our results altogether suggest that MCHR2 is not a major contributor to polygenic obesity and support a modest effect of the A76A SNP on food intake abnormalities in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, 59000 Lille, France
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26
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Meyre D, Bouatia-Naji N, Vatin V, Veslot J, Samson C, Tichet J, Marre M, Balkau B, Froguel P. ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism and obesity, hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes in the prospective DESIR Study. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2090-6. [PMID: 17704904 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We assessed the predictive value of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 gene (ENPP1) SNPs with regard to the risk of developing obesity and/or type 2 diabetes in a large French general population. METHODS We genotyped the ENPP1 SNPs K121Q (rs1044498), IVS20delT-11 (rs1799774) and A/G+1044TGA (rs7754561) in 5,153 middle-aged participants of the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort. RESULTS At baseline, the K121Q polymorphism was not associated either with BMI (p = 0.98) or with class I obesity (odds ratio [OR] 0.99, p = 0.81), but showed a borderline association with class II obesity (OR 1.65, p = 0.02). The K121Q variant was not associated with any trait during the 9-year follow-up. Pooled analyses both at baseline and at follow-up failed to show any association with hyperglycaemia (OR 1.08, p = 0.28) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.15, p = 0.38). However, we did show an association of the Q121 allele with the risk of hyperglycaemia (OR 1.45, p = 0.001; n = 265) and type 2 diabetes (OR 1.65, p = 0.01; n = 103) in participants reporting a family history of type 2 diabetes. These results did not remain significant after a Bonferroni correction. The IVS20delT-11 and A/G+1044TGA polymorphisms and the three-allele risk haplotype (K121Q, IVS20delT-11 and A-->G+1044TGA [QdelTG]) were not associated with any trait, either at baseline or at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In a general French population we did not find an association of the QdelTG risk haplotype with adult obesity and type 2 diabetes. We detected nominal evidence of association between the K121Q polymorphism and both severe adult obesity at baseline and the risk of hyperglycaemia or type 2 diabetes in participants with a family history of type 2 diabetes in pooled analyses both at baseline and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Meyre
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Bouatia-Naji N, Vatin V, Lecoeur C, Heude B, Proença C, Veslot J, Jouret B, Tichet J, Charpentier G, Marre M, Balkau B, Froguel P, Meyre D. Secretory granule neuroendocrine protein 1 (SGNE1) genetic variation and glucose intolerance in severe childhood and adult obesity. BMC Med Genet 2007; 8:44. [PMID: 17617923 PMCID: PMC1936990 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background 7B2 is a regulator/activator of the prohormone convertase 2 which is involved in the processing of numerous neuropeptides, including insulin, glucagon and pro-opiomelanocortin. We have previously described a suggestive genetic linkage peak with childhood obesity on chr15q12-q14, where the 7B2 encoding gene, SGNE1 is located. The aim of this study is to analyze associations of SGNE1 genetic variation with obesity and metabolism related quantitative traits. Methods We screened SGNE1 for genetic variants in obese children and genotyped 12 frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Case control analyses were performed in 1,229 obese (534 children and 695 adults), 1,535 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 1,363 controls, all French Caucasians. We also studied 4,922 participants from the D.E.S.I.R prospective population-based cohort. Results We did not find any association between SGNE1 SNPs and childhood or adult obesity. However, the 5' region SNP -1,701A>G associated with higher area under glucose curve after oral glucose tolerance test (p = 0.0005), higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.005) and lower insulinogenic index (p = 0.0003) in obese children. Similar trends were found in obese adults. SNP -1,701A>G did not associate with risk of T2D but tends to associate with incidence of type 2 diabetes (HR = 0.75 95%CI [0.55–1.01]; p = 0.06) in the prospective cohort. Conclusion SGNE1 genetic variation does not contribute to obesity and common forms of T2D but may worsen glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, especially in the background of severe and early onset obesity. Further molecular studies are required to understand the molecular bases involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Vatin
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Veslot
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK
| | - David Meyre
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Stutzmann F, Vatin V, Cauchi S, Morandi A, Jouret B, Landt O, Tounian P, Levy-Marchal C, Buzzetti R, Pinelli L, Balkau B, Horber F, Bougnères P, Froguel P, Meyre D. Non-synonymous polymorphisms in melanocortin-4 receptor protect against obesity: the two facets of a Janus obesity gene. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:1837-44. [PMID: 17519222 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene pathogenic mutations are the most prevalent forms of monogenic obesity, responsible for approximately 2% of obesity cases, but its role in common obesity is still elusive. We analyzed the contribution of non-synonymous mutations V103I (rs2229616, c.307G > A) and I251L (no rs, c.751A > C) to obesity in 16 797 individuals of European origin from nine independent case-control, population-based and familial cohorts. We observed a consistent negative association of I251L variant (prevalence ranging 0.41-1.21%) with both childhood and adult class III obesity [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 0.25 to 0.76, 0.001 < P-value < 0.05] and with modulation of body mass index (BMI) in general populations, in eight out of nine studies, whereas only one study showed an association between V103I and BMI. Meta-analyses of previous published data with the current ones provided strong evidence of the protective effect of I251L toward obesity (OR = 0.52, P = 3.58 10-5), together with a modest negative association between V103I and obesity (OR = 0.80, P = 0.002). Taken together, gain-of-function mutations I251L and V103I may be responsible for a preventive fraction of obesity of 2%, which mirrors the prevalence of monogenic obesity due to MC4R haploinsufficiency. These results also emphasize the importance of the MC4R signalling tonus to prevent obesity, even in the context of our current obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Stutzmann
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Dina C, Meyre D, Gallina S, Durand E, Körner A, Jacobson P, Carlsson LMS, Kiess W, Vatin V, Lecoeur C, Delplanque J, Vaillant E, Pattou F, Ruiz J, Weill J, Levy-Marchal C, Horber F, Potoczna N, Hercberg S, Le Stunff C, Bougnères P, Kovacs P, Marre M, Balkau B, Cauchi S, Chèvre JC, Froguel P. Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity. Nat Genet 2007; 39:724-6. [PMID: 17496892 DOI: 10.1038/ng2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1128] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We identified a set of SNPs in the first intron of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene on chromosome 16q12.2 that is consistently strongly associated with early-onset and severe obesity in both adults and children of European ancestry with an experiment-wise P value of 1.67 x 10(-26) in 2,900 affected individuals and 5,100 controls. The at-risk haplotype yields a proportion of attributable risk of 22% for common obesity. We conclude that FTO contributes to human obesity and hence may be a target for subsequent functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dina
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.
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Oelemann MC, Diel R, Vatin V, Haas W, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Locht C, Niemann S, Supply P. Assessment of an optimized mycobacterial interspersed repetitive- unit-variable-number tandem-repeat typing system combined with spoligotyping for population-based molecular epidemiology studies of tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 45:691-7. [PMID: 17192416 PMCID: PMC1829086 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01393-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimized set of 24 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) loci, including a discriminatory subset of 15 loci, has recently been defined for the typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we evaluated the performances of this MIRU-VNTR typing system in combination with spoligotyping for the detection of transmission chains in a population-based study comprising 91% of culture-confirmed tuberculosis patients reported in 2003 in Hamburg, Germany. Of the 154 isolates investigated, more than 90% had high IS6110 copy numbers (>/=6). IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing resulted in 13 clusters, 5 of which had a confirmed epidemiological link. All five, as well as six of the eight IS6110 clusters with no identified epidemiological link, were perfectly matched by MIRU-VNTR typing with the 24 loci. Two IS6110 clusters were split by differences into 6 to 12 MIRU-VNTR loci, clearly supporting the absence of a link, as judged by contact tracing data. In contrast, only one MIRU-VNTR cluster, grouping what were probably epidemiologically unlinked isolates, was split by IS6110 RFLP. However, these isolates were also distinguished by spoligotyping. Both the optimized 24-locus and 15-locus sets thus showed a comparable to slightly better predictive value, especially when combined with spoligotyping, than the current gold standard IS6110 RFLP for the study of tuberculosis transmission in Hamburg. Because the epidemiological characteristics of this setting are similar to those of many developed countries, these results support the wide applicability of this real-time genotyping approach for population-based studies of M. tuberculosis transmission.
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Supply P, Allix C, Lesjean S, Cardoso-Oelemann M, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Willery E, Savine E, de Haas P, van Deutekom H, Roring S, Bifani P, Kurepina N, Kreiswirth B, Sola C, Rastogi N, Vatin V, Gutierrez MC, Fauville M, Niemann S, Skuce R, Kremer K, Locht C, van Soolingen D. Proposal for standardization of optimized mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:4498-510. [PMID: 17005759 PMCID: PMC1698431 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01392-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 995] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular typing based on 12 loci containing variable numbers of tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTRs) has been adopted in combination with spoligotyping as the basis for large-scale, high-throughput genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, even the combination of these two methods is still less discriminatory than IS6110 fingerprinting. Here, we define an optimized set of MIRU-VNTR loci with a significantly higher discriminatory power. The resolution and the stability/robustness of 29 loci were analyzed, using a total of 824 tubercle bacillus isolates, including representatives of the main lineages identified worldwide so far. Five loci were excluded for lack of robustness and/or stability in serial isolates or isolates from epidemiologically linked patients. The use of the 24 remaining loci increased the number of types by 40%--and by 23% in combination with spoligotyping--among isolates from cosmopolitan origins, compared to those obtained with the original set of 12 loci. Consequently, the clustering rate was decreased by fourfold--by threefold in combination with spoligotyping--under the same conditions. A discriminatory subset of 15 loci with the highest evolutionary rates was then defined that concentrated 96% of the total resolution obtained with the full 24-locus set. Its predictive value for evaluating M. tuberculosis transmission was found to be equal to that of IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing, as shown in a companion population-based study. This 15-locus system is therefore proposed as the new standard for routine epidemiological discrimination of M. tuberculosis isolates and the 24-locus system as a high-resolution tool for phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Supply
- INSERM U629, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du Prof. Calmette, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France.
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Vaxillaire M, Dechaume A, Vasseur-Delannoy V, Lahmidi S, Vatin V, Leprêtre F, Boutin P, Hercberg S, Charpentier G, Dina C, Froguel P. Genetic analysis of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 candidate polymorphisms for type 2 diabetes in the Caucasian population. Diabetes 2006; 55:856-61. [PMID: 16505255 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a metabolic link between adipose tissue and insulin action, mediating part of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Two adiponectin receptors have been identified, and we investigated whether sequence variations in adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) genes could contribute to the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in a case-control study of 1,498 Caucasian subjects. We sequenced the putative functional regions of the two genes in 48 subjects and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the public database. Five SNPs in ADIPOR1 and 12 in ADIPOR2 were tested for association with type 2 diabetes. No SNP of ADIPOR1 showed association in any of the samples from the French population. In contrast, three SNPs of ADIPOR2 showed nominal evidence for association with type 2 diabetes before correction for multiple testing (odds ratio [OR] 1.29-1.37, P = 0.034-0.014); only rs767870, located in intron 6, was replicated in an additional diabetes dataset (n = 636, OR 1.29, P = 0.020) with significant allelic association from the overall meta-analysis of 2,876 subjects (adjusted OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.07-1.45], P = 0.0051). In conclusion, our data suggest a modest contribution of ADIPOR2 variants in diabetes risk in the French population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS 8090, Institut de Biologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille, France.
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Lee YS, Challis BG, Thompson DA, Yeo GSH, Keogh JM, Madonna ME, Wraight V, Sims M, Vatin V, Meyre D, Shield J, Burren C, Ibrahim Z, Cheetham T, Swift P, Blackwood A, Hung CCC, Wareham NJ, Froguel P, Millhauser GL, O'Rahilly S, Farooqi IS. A POMC variant implicates beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of human energy balance. Cell Metab 2006; 3:135-40. [PMID: 16459314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a critical role in the control of energy balance. Of its two pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived ligands, alpha- and beta-MSH, the majority of attention has focused on alpha-MSH, partly reflecting the absence of beta-MSH in rodents. We screened the POMC gene in 538 patients with severe, early-onset obesity and identified five unrelated probands who were heterozygous for a rare missense variant in the region encoding beta-MSH, Tyr221Cys. This frequency was significantly increased (p < 0.001) compared to the general UK Caucasian population and the variant cosegregated with obesity/overweight in affected family members. Compared to wild-type beta-MSH, the variant peptide was impaired in its ability to bind to and activate signaling from the MC4R. Obese children carrying the Tyr221Cys variant were hyperphagic and showed increased linear growth, both of which are features of MC4R deficiency. These studies support a role for beta-MSH in the control of human energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Seng Lee
- University Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, United Kingdom
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Grasberger H, Vaxillaire M, Pannain S, Beck JC, Mimouni-Bloch A, Vatin V, Vassart G, Froguel P, Refetoff S. Identification of a locus for nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism on chromosome 15q25.3-26.1. Hum Genet 2005; 118:348-55. [PMID: 16189712 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Permanent congenital hypothyroidism is the most prevalent inborn endocrine disorder, and principally due to developmental defects leading to absent, ectopic or hypoplastic thyroid gland. Although commonly regarded as sporadic disease, nonsyndromic thyroid hypoplasia has, in rare cases, been attributed to inherited defects in PAX8 and the TSHR gene. The shared clinical picture caused by these defects is a variable degree of thyrotropin resistance (RTSH [MIM 275200]), accompanied in its severe form by thyroid gland hypoplasia. We recently identified six extended kindreds with autosomal dominant RTSH, only one of which was linked to a mutation in the PAX8 candidate gene. Genome wide scans conducted in two of the remaining five families revealed independently significant linkage to chromosome 15q25.3-26.1, with maximum multipoint LOD scores of 8.51 and 4.31. Linkage to this novel locus was replicated (P<0.01) in each of the three remaining kindreds. Fine mapping of key recombinants in the largest family localized the causative gene within a 3 cM/2.9 Mb interval. Thus, we report the first locus for congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism identified by a genome wide screening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Grasberger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC3090, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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35
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Meyre D, Bouatia-Naji N, Tounian A, Samson C, Lecoeur C, Vatin V, Ghoussaini M, Wachter C, Hercberg S, Charpentier G, Patsch W, Pattou F, Charles MA, Tounian P, Clément K, Jouret B, Weill J, Maddux BA, Goldfine ID, Walley A, Boutin P, Dina C, Froguel P. Variants of ENPP1 are associated with childhood and adult obesity and increase the risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet 2005; 37:863-7. [PMID: 16025115 PMCID: PMC2000804 DOI: 10.1038/ng1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We identified a locus on chromosome 6q16.3-q24.2 (ref. 1) associated with childhood obesity that includes 2.4 Mb common to eight genome scans for type 2 diabetes (T2D) or obesity. Analysis of the gene ENPP1 (also called PC-1), a candidate for insulin resistance, in 6,147 subjects showed association between a three-allele risk haplotype (K121Q, IVS20delT-11 and A-->G+1044TGA; QdelTG) and childhood obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, P = 0.0006), morbid or moderate obesity in adults (OR = 1.50, P = 0.006 or OR = 1.37, P = 0.02, respectively) and T2D (OR = 1.56, P = 0.00002). The Genotype IBD Sharing Test suggested that this obesity-associated ENPP1 risk haplotype contributes to the observed chromosome 6q linkage with childhood obesity. The haplotype confers a higher risk of glucose intolerance and T2D to obese children and their parents and associates with increased serum levels of soluble ENPP1 protein in children. Expression of a long ENPP1 mRNA isoform, which includes the obesity-associated A-->G+1044TGA SNP, was specific for pancreatic islet beta cells, adipocytes and liver. These findings suggest that several variants of ENPP1 have a primary role in mediating insulin resistance and in the development of both obesity and T2D, suggesting that an underlying molecular mechanism is common to both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meyre
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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36
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Guérardel A, Barat-Houari M, Vasseur F, Dina C, Vatin V, Clément K, Eberlé D, Vasseur-Delannoy V, Bell CG, Galan P, Hercberg S, Helbecque N, Potoczna N, Horber FF, Boutin P, Froguel P. Analysis of sequence variability in the CART gene in relation to obesity in a Caucasian population. BMC Genet 2005; 6:19. [PMID: 15823203 PMCID: PMC1087839 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-6-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) is an anorectic neuropeptide located principally in hypothalamus. CART has been shown to be involved in control of feeding behavior, but a direct relationship with obesity has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms within the CART gene with regards to a possible association with obesity in a Caucasian population. Results Screening of the entire gene as well as a 3.7 kb region of 5' upstream sequence revealed 31 SNPs and 3 rare variants ; 14 of which were subsequently genotyped in 292 French morbidly obese subjects and 368 controls. Haplotype analysis suggested an association with obesity which was found to be mainly due to SNP-3608T>C (rs7379701) (p = 0.009). Genotyping additional cases and controls also of European Caucasian origin supported further this possible association between the CART SNP -3608T>C T allele and obesity (global p-value = 0.0005). Functional studies also suggested that the SNP -3608T>C could modulate nuclear protein binding. Conclusion CART SNP -3608T>C may possibly contribute to the genetic risk for obesity in the Caucasian population. However confirmation of the importance of the role of the CART gene in energy homeostasis and obesity will require investigation and replication in further populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Guérardel
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | | | - Francis Vasseur
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Christian Dina
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Vatin
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Department of Nutrition-EA3502, Paris VI University, INSERM "Avenir" Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Department of Nutrition-EA3502, Paris VI University, INSERM "Avenir" Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | | | - Christopher G Bell
- Imperial College genome Centre and Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Pilar Galan
- Scientific and Technical Institute of Nutrition and Food (ISTNA-CNAM), INSERM U557, INRA U1125, Paris, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Scientific and Technical Institute of Nutrition and Food (ISTNA-CNAM), INSERM U557, INRA U1125, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Helbecque
- Service d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique-INSERM U.508, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Natascha Potoczna
- Dr. Horber Adipositas Stiftung, Hornbachstrasse 50, 8034, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fritz F Horber
- Dr. Horber Adipositas Stiftung, Hornbachstrasse 50, 8034, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Boutin
- Institute of Biology-CNRS UMR 8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Imperial College genome Centre and Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, UK
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37
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Leprêtre F, Linton KJ, Lacquemant C, Vatin V, Samson C, Dina C, Chikri M, Ali S, Scherer P, Séron K, Vasseur F, Aitman T, Froguel P. Genetic study of the CD36 gene in a French diabetic population. Diabetes Metab 2004; 30:459-63. [PMID: 15671915 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD36 is a multifunctional membrane receptor widely expressed in different tissues which binds and internalizes oxidized low-density lipoprotein. In rodents, CD36 gene variations modulate glucose homeostasis and contribute to metabolic syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes but the effects in human are unknown. METHODS We screened the entire coding sequence of the CD36 gene in 272 individuals and we genotyped both rare and frequent variants in 454 T2D subjects and 221 controls. RESULTS We detected five mutations, P191P and N247S were only found each in one family and did not segregate with diabetes, the three others (A/C-178 in the promoter, A/G-10 in intron 3 and (GGGTTGAGA) insertion in intron 13) being equally frequent in diabetic subjects and in controls. However, adiponectin levels, a marker for insulin sensitivity, were significantly associated with the -178 A/C promoter variant allele (p=0.003, p corrected for multiple testing=0.036), possibly reflecting association with insulin-resistance in the French population. CONCLUSION Thus, the -178 A/C SNP promoter mutation in the CD36 gene represents a putative genetic marker for insulin-resistance in the French population, although it does not appear to contribute to the genetic risk for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leprêtre
- Institute of Biology-CNRS 8090, Pasteur Institute of Lille, France
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38
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Meyre D, Lecoeur C, Delplanque J, Francke S, Vatin V, Durand E, Weill J, Dina C, Froguel P. A genome-wide scan for childhood obesity-associated traits in French families shows significant linkage on chromosome 6q22.31-q23.2. Diabetes 2004; 53:803-11. [PMID: 14988267 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.3.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide search for childhood obesity-associated traits, including BMI >/==" BORDER="0">95th percentile (PCT95), 97th percentile (PCT97), and 99th percentile (PCT99) as well as age of adiposity rebound (AAR), which corresponds to the beginning of the second rise in childhood adiposity. A set of 431 microsatellite markers was genotyped in 506 subjects from 115 multiplex French Caucasian families, with at least one child with a BMI >/==" BORDER="0">95th percentile. Among these 115 pedigrees, 97 had at least two sibs with a BMI >/==" BORDER="0">95th percentile. Fine-mapping was performed in the seven most positive loci. Nonparametric multipoint analyses revealed six regions of significant or suggestive linkage on chromosomes 2q33.2-q36.3, 6q22.31-q23.2, and 17p13 for PCT95, PCT97, or PCT99 and 15q12-q15.1, 16q22.1-q24.1, and 19p13.3-p13.11 for AAR. The strongest evidence of linkage was detected on chromosome 6q22.31 for PCT97 (maximum likelihood score: 4.06) at the marker D6S287. This logarithm of odds score meets genome-wide significance tested through simulation (empirical genome-wide P = 0.01 [0.0027-0.0254]). Six independent ge-nome scans in adults have reported quantitative trait loci on 6q linked to energy or glucose homeostasis-associated phenotypes. Possible candidate genes in this region include SIM1, MCHR2, and PC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meyre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8090, Institute of Biology of Lille, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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39
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Neve B, Froguel P, Corset L, Vaillant E, Vatin V, Boutin P. Rapid SNP allele frequency determination in genomic DNA pools by pyrosequencing. Biotechniques 2002; 32:1138-42. [PMID: 12019787 DOI: 10.2144/02325dd03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remains expensive, especially for linkage disequilibrium mapping strategies involving high-throughput SNP genotyping. On one hand, current methods may suit scientific and laboratory needs in regard to accuracy, reproducibility/robustness, and large-scale application. On the other hand, a cheaper and less time-consuming alternative to individual genotyping is the use of SNP allelefrequencies determined in DNA pools. We have developed an accurate and reproducible protocol for allele frequency determination using Pyrosequencing technology in large genomic DNA pools (374 individuals). The measured correlation (R2) in large DNA pools was 0.980. In the context of disease-associated SNPs studies, we compared the allele frequencies between the disease (e.g., type 2 diabetes and obesity) and control groups detected by either individual genotyping or Pyrosequencing of DNA pools. In large pools, the variation between the two methods was 1.5 +/- 0.9%. It may be concluded that the allele frequency determination protocol could reliably detect over 4% differences between populations. The method is economical in regard to amounts of DNA, PCR, and primer extension reagents required. Furthermore, it allows the rapid determination of allelefrequency differences in case/control groups for association studies and susceptibility gene discovery in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Neve
- Genetics of Multifactorial Diseases, CNRS UPRES A 8090, Institut Biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France. bernadette,neve@mail-good
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40
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Barat-Houari M, Clément K, Vatin V, Dina C, Bonhomme G, Vasseur F, Guy-Grand B, Froguel P. Positional candidate gene analysis of Lim domain homeobox gene (Isl-1) on chromosome 5q11-q13 in a French morbidly obese population suggests indication for association with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002; 51:1640-3. [PMID: 11978668 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.51.5.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Lim domain homeobox gene (Isl-1) is a positional candidate gene for obesity that maps on chromosome 5q11-q13, a locus linked to BMI and leptin levels in French Caucasians. Isl-1 might be involved in body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis via the activation of proglucagon gene expression, which encodes for glucagon and glucagon-like peptides. By mutation screening of 72 obese subjects, we identified three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Isl1 gene. The allele frequencies in the morbidly obese group did not differ from that of the control group. In the obese group, the -47G allele was associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.41, P = 0.019). The AG bearers displayed a higher maximal BMI than the AA bearers in the whole obese group (P = 0.026) as well as in the type 2 diabetic obese subgroup (P = 0.014). In obese families, this allele was not preferentially transmitted from heterozygous parents to their obese siblings, indicating that Isl-1 does not contribute to the linkage with obesity on 5cen-q. However, in French Caucasian morbidly obese subjects, the Isl1-47A-->G SNP may modulate the risk for type 2 diabetes and may increase body weight in diabetic morbidly obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Barat-Houari
- Institute of Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 80-90, Lille, France
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41
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Mori Y, Otabe S, Dina C, Yasuda K, Populaire C, Lecoeur C, Vatin V, Durand E, Hara K, Okada T, Tobe K, Boutin P, Kadowaki T, Froguel P. Genome-wide search for type 2 diabetes in Japanese affected sib-pairs confirms susceptibility genes on 3q, 15q, and 20q and identifies two new candidate Loci on 7p and 11p. Diabetes 2002; 51:1247-55. [PMID: 11916952 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The genetic background that predisposes the Japanese population to type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a 10-cM genome-wide scan for type 2 diabetes traits in the 359 affected individuals from 159 families, yielding 224 affected sib-pairs of Japanese origin. Nonparametric multipoint linkage analyses performed in the whole population showed one suggestive linked region on 11p13-p12 (maximum logarithm of odds score [MLS] 3.08, near Pax6) and seven potentially linked regions (MLS >1.17) at 1p36-p32, 2q34, 3q26-q28, 6p23, 7p22-p21, 15q13-q21, and 20q12-q13 (near the gene for hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha [HNF-4alpha]). Subset analyses according to maximal BMI and early age at diagnosis added suggestive evidence of linkage with type 2 diabetes at 7p22-p21 (MLS 3.51), 15q13-q21 (MLS 3.91), and 20q12-q13 (MLS 2.32). These results support previous indication for linkage found on chromosome 3q, 15q, and 20q in other populations and identifies two new potential loci on 7p and 11p that may confer genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/classification
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Genetic Linkage
- Genetic Markers
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome, Human
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4
- Humans
- Japan
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Family
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumichi Mori
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Hager J, Dina C, Francke S, Dubois S, Houari M, Vatin V, Vaillant E, Lorentz N, Basdevant A, Clement K, Guy-Grand B, Froguel P. A genome-wide scan for human obesity genes reveals a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 10. Nat Genet 1998; 20:304-8. [PMID: 9806554 DOI: 10.1038/3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a common multifactorial disorder, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD). According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 6-10% of the population in Westernized countries are considered obese. Epidemiological studies have shown that 30-70% of the variation in body weight may be attributable to genetic factors. To date, two genome-wide scans using different obesity-related quantitative traits have provided candidate regions for obesity. We have undertaken a genome-wide scan in affected sibpairs to identify chromosomal regions linked to obesity in a collection of French families. Model-free multipoint linkage analyses revealed evidence for linkage to a region on chromosome 10p (MLS=4.85). Two further loci on chromosomes 5cen-q and 2p showed suggestive evidence for linkage of serum leptin levels in a genome-wide context. The peak on chromosome 2 coincided with the region containing the gene (POMC) encoding pro-opiomelanocortin, a locus previously linked to leptin levels and fat mass in a Mexican-American population and shown to be mutated in obese humans. Our results suggest that there is a major gene on chromosome 10p implicated in the development of human obesity, and the existence of two further loci influencing leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hager
- Institut de Biologie de Lille, CNRS EP10, France
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43
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Francke S, Clement K, Dina C, Inoue H, Behn P, Vatin V, Basdevant A, Guy-Grand B, Permutt MA, Froguel P, Hager J. Genetic studies of the leptin receptor gene in morbidly obese French Caucasian families. Hum Genet 1997; 100:491-6. [PMID: 9341859 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Family studies have shown that in some populations up to 75% of the variation of body mass index can be explained by genetic factors. However, in humans, no major obesity gene has been identified to date. In contrast, there are a number of genetically well defined animal models for obesity. In two of those models (ob/ob and db/db), defects in the same pathway are responsible for obesity. Recently, some evidence has been found for the OB gene also being involved in human obesity. In this study we investigated the potential role of the OB receptor (OBR) in the etiology of massive obesity in humans using familial linkage analyses and case-control association studies. The typing of two microsatellite markers (D1S198 and D1S209), flanking the OBR gene, in 256 sib pairs showed no evidence for linkage with obesity. In order to be able to detect small gene effects, association studies with a 3'-UTR insertion/deletion polymorphism were carried out. The results of these analyses remained non-significant (chi 2 = 3.442, P = 0.18). However, subjects heterozygous for the insertion/deletion polymorphism showed a slight trend towards lower insulin values 30 min after an oral glucose load compared to homozygous individuals (P = 0.02). In summary, our results do not support a major role of the human OBR gene in the development of morbid obesity in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Francke
- CNRS EP10 Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
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