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Brioschi A, Capolongo S, Buffoli M. [Environment and energy in hospitals: assessment of usage and impact of Health Facilities in the Lombardy Region]. Ann Ig 2010; 22:563-573. [PMID: 21425653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The research moves from the current global and local context and from shared development strategies. From the observation and the analysis of contemporary environmental and energy issues and redefined directions of growth of human activity, it is addressing the question of environmental sustainability and energy conservation of building hospital systems. The work has developed a field survey relating the specific topic of energy saving and efficiency of the Park Hospital in the Italian Lombardy Region. This has been articulated in a diagnosis of technology and efficiency of regional hospitals, implemented through a census, and in a subsequent identification of interventional cases, in order to show its economic, environmental and health performance of the energy efficiency consumption and the environmentally sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brioschi
- Dipartimento B.E.S.T, Facoltà di Architettura e Società, Politecnico di Milano
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Walters RG, Jacquemont S, Valsesia A, de Smith AJ, Martinet D, Andersson J, Falchi M, Chen F, Andrieux J, Lobbens S, Delobel B, Stutzmann F, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Vatin V, Bouquillon S, Buxton JL, Boute O, Holder-Espinasse M, Cuisset JM, Lemaitre MP, Ambresin AE, Brioschi A, Gaillard M, Giusti V, Fellmann F, Ferrarini A, Hadjikhani N, Campion D, Guilmatre A, Goldenberg A, Calmels N, Mandel JL, Le Caignec C, David A, Isidor B, Cordier MP, Dupuis-Girod S, Labalme A, Sanlaville D, Béri-Dexheimer M, Jonveaux P, Leheup B, Ounap K, Bochukova EG, Henning E, Keogh J, Ellis RJ, Macdermot KD, van Haelst MM, Vincent-Delorme C, Plessis G, Touraine R, Philippe A, Malan V, Mathieu-Dramard M, Chiesa J, Blaumeiser B, Kooy RF, Caiazzo R, Pigeyre M, Balkau B, Sladek R, Bergmann S, Mooser V, Waterworth D, Reymond A, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Kurg A, Palta P, Esko T, Metspalu A, Nelis M, Elliott P, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy MI, Peltonen L, Carlsson L, Jacobson P, Sjöström L, Huang N, Hurles ME, O'Rahilly S, Farooqi IS, Männik K, Jarvelin MR, Pattou F, Meyre D, Walley AJ, Coin LJM, Blakemore AIF, Froguel P, Beckmann JS. A new highly penetrant form of obesity due to deletions on chromosome 16p11.2. Nature 2010; 463:671-5. [PMID: 20130649 PMCID: PMC2880448 DOI: 10.1038/nature08727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R G Walters
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Priano L, Giaccone G, Mangieri M, Albani G, Limido L, Brioschi A, Pradotto L, Orsi L, Mortara P, Fociani P, Mauro A, Tagliavini F. An atypical case of sporadic fatal insomnia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:924-7. [PMID: 19608785 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.154815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fatal insomnia is a rare human prion disease characterised by sleep-wake disturbances, thalamic degeneration and deposition of type 2 disease-specific prion protein (PrP(Sc)). This report details a patient with sporadic fatal insomnia who exhibited cerebral deposition of type 1 PrP(Sc) and neuropathological changes largely in the basal ganglia. Previous damage of this brain region by a surgically removed colloid cyst and the insertion of two intracerebral shunts may have influenced the distribution of PrP(Sc) through a chronic inflammatory process. These findings add to our knowledge of the phenotypic variability of human prion diseases with prominent sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Priano
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
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Micheletti M, Brioschi A, Fesce R, Grohovaz F. A novel pattern of fast calcium oscillations points to calcium and electrical activity cross-talk in rat chromaffin cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:95-104. [PMID: 15619011 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-004-4338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Slow oscillations of cytosolic calcium ion concentration - [Ca(2+)](c) - typically originate from release by intracellular stores, but in some cell types can be triggered and sustained by Ca(2+) influx as well. In this study we simultaneously monitored changes in [Ca(2+)](c) and in the electrical activity of the cell membrane by combining indo-1 and patch-clamp measurements in single rat chromaffin cells. By this approach we observed a novel type of spontaneous [Ca(2+)](c) oscillations, much faster than those previously described in these cells. These oscillations are triggered and sustained by complex electrical activity (slow action potentials and spike bursts), require Ca(2+) influx and do not involve release from intracellular stores. The possible physiological implications of this new pathway of intracellular signalling are discussed.
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Priano L, Albani G, Brioschi A, Guastamacchia G, Calderoni S, Lopiano L, Rizzone M, Cavalli R, Gasco MR, Fraschini F, Bergamasco B, Mauro A. Nocturnal anomalous movement reduction and sleep microstructure analysis in parkinsonian patients during 1-night transdermal apomorphine treatment. Neurol Sci 2004; 24:207-8. [PMID: 14598090 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-003-0133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the macrostructure and microstructure of sleep in 12 parkinsonian patients under basal conditions (T0) and during 1-night treatment (T1) with a new formulation of apomorphine. This new formulation consisted in a microemulsion of apomorphine administered by the transdermal route, able to provide a constant release of the drug over several hours (APO-TD). Sleep analysis at T1 compared with T0 revealed a 16% increment of total sleep time, a 12% increment of sleep efficiency, a 16% increment of stage 3 and 4 non-REM sleep, a 15% reduction of periodic limb movements index, a 22% reduction of arousal index, and a 23% reduction of cycling alternating patterns/non-REM. We conclude that APO-TD may be able to reduce nocturnal anomalous movements, akinesia, and rigidity in Parkinson's disease, and may reduce the disturbed sleep typical of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Priano
- Divisione di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Riva M, Brioschi A, Candelise L, Marchioni E. Loco-regional versus standard chemotherapy for high grade gliomas. Hippokratia 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Riva M, Landonio G, Arena O, Citterio A, Galli C, Ferrante E, Brioschi A, Collice M, Gambacorta M, Scialfa G, Defanti CA, Siena S. Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and supportive care of metastatic brain cancer. Forum (Genova) 2001; 11:4-26. [PMID: 11734861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BrM) are tumours that originate in tissues outside the central nervous system and spread secondarily to involve mainly the brain. The management of patients with cerebral metastases is complex, costly, and in some instances controversial. Furthermore, even in patients with widespread systemic cancer, the symptoms of the disease are often controllable while the symptoms of the BrM may be disabling. The treatment of BrM is one of the few areas of neuro-oncology where real progress has been made in the last twenty years. Moreover, the costs of managing this disease are rising, as therapies become more intensive and the number of patients with BrM increases. Modern neuroradiological imaging techniques, which are able to discover BrM earlier in the course of systemic cancer, and the greater efficacy of specific treatments, which lengthens survival, have increased the prevalence. The aggressive treatment of BrM may add some benefits to the patient, but its excessive cost leads to the necessity for accurate cost-effectiveness analysis. The latter begins with a complete understanding of the disease: its diagnosis, natural history and results of various modalities of treatment. While the development of BrM usually indicates a poor prognosis for the patient, advances in supportive care have made it possible to reverse most of the neurological symptoms and to give patients a meaningful extension of useful life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riva
- Dipartimento di NeuroScienze, Ospedale Niguarda CaO Granda, Milano
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Cappellari A, Brioschi A, Barbieri S, Braga M, Scarlato G, Silani V. A tentative interpretation of electromyographic regional differences in bulbar- and limb-onset ALS. Neurology 1999; 52:644-6. [PMID: 10025806 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.52.3.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) could be useful in defining regional motor neuron vulnerability in ALS. We performed EMG in 36 sporadic ALS patients (9 with bulbar-onset and 27 with limb-onset symptoms). Active denervation was more frequent in limb than in corresponding paraspinal muscles, in the thoracic paraspinal, and in the bulbo-cervical muscles in patients with bulbar-onset symptoms. These results are consistent with a regional motor neuron vulnerability along with a nerve length-dependent liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cappellari
- Institute of Neurology, University of Milan Medical School, IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Italy
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Ferrante E, Savino A, Brioschi A, Marazzi R, Donato MF, Riva M. Transient oculomotor cranial nerves palsy in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. J Neurosurg Sci 1998; 42:177-9; discussion 180. [PMID: 10192060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient sixth cranial nerves palsy may occur in rare cases after lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia and myelography as well as in more rare cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. We report three cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension with sixth cranial nerves palsy. One of these patients presented also third cranial nerve palsy, never reported in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferrante
- Department of Neurology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Sher E, Rosa P, Francolini M, Codignola A, Morlacchi E, Taverna E, Giovannini F, Brioschi A, Clementi F, McEnery MW, Passafaro M. Metabolism and trafficking of N-type voltage-operated calcium channels in neurosecretory cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1998; 30:399-407. [PMID: 9758335 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021945907635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The N-type voltage-operated calcium channel has been characterized over the years as a high-threshold channel, with variable inactivation kinetics, and a unique ability to bind with high affinity and specificity omega-conotoxin GVIA and related toxins. This channel is particularly expressed in some neurons and endocrine cells, where it participates in several calcium-dependent processes, including secretion. Omega-conotoxin GVIA was instrumental not only for the biophysical and pharmacological characterization of N-type channels but also for the development of in vitro assays for studying N-type VOCC subcellular localization, biosynthesis, turnover, as well as short-and long-term regulation of its expression. We here summarize our studies on N-type VOCC expression in neurosecretory cells, with a major emphasis on recent data demonstrating the presence of N-type channels in intracellular secretory organelles and their recruitment to the cell surface during regulated exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sher
- CNR Center of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Inward rectification, an important determinant of cell excitability, can result from channel blockade by intracellular cations, including Ca2+. However, mostly on the basis of indirect arguments, Ca2+-mediated rectification of inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) is claimed to play no role in the mammalian heart. The present study investigates Ca2+-mediated IK1 rectification during the mammalian ventricular action potential. Guinea pig ventricular myocytes were patch-clamped in the whole-cell configuration. The action potential waveform was recorded and then applied to reproduce normal excitation under voltage-clamp conditions. Subtraction currents obtained during blockade of K+ currents by either 1 mmol/L Ba2+ (IBa) or K+-free solution (I0K) were used to estimate IK1. Similar time courses were observed for IBa and I0K; both currents were strongly reduced during depolarization (inward rectification). Blockade of L-type Ca2+ current by dihydropyridines (DHPs) increased systolic IBa and I0K by 50.7% and 254.5%, respectively. beta-Adrenergic stimulation, when tested on I0K, had an opposite effect; ie, it reduced this current by 66.5%. Ryanodine, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release, increased systolic IBa by 47.7%, with effects similar to those of DHPs. Intracellular Ca2+ buffering (BAPTA-AM) increased systolic IBa by 87.7% and blunted the effect of DHPs. Thus, IK1 may be significantly reduced by physiological Ca2+ transients determined by both Ca2+ influx and release. Although Ca2+-induced effects may represent only a small fraction of total IK1 rectification, they are large enough to affect excitability and repolarization. They may also contribute to facilitation of early afterdepolarizations by conditions increasing Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaza
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica Generali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Silani V, Brioschi A, Braga M, Ciammola A, Zhou FC, Bonifati C, Ratti A, Pizzuti A, Buscaglia M, Scarlato G. Immunomagnetic isolation of human developing motor neurons. Neuroreport 1998; 9:1143-7. [PMID: 9601683 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199804200-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human motor neuron (MN) isolation provides a critical tool to study neurophysiological properties and the effects of molecules of clinical relevance on isolated neurons. We developed an immunomagnetic separation technique based on specific MN antigen recognition for nerve growth factor receptor (p75-NGFR). We cultured an average of 250,000 cells from the anterior horns of a single cord (four specimens at postconception Weeks 6.0, 7.2, 8.0, and 8.3). At day 7 in vitro (DIV), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and/or p75-NGFR-expressing cells (MNs) represented 72 +/- 2% of the total growing cells. MNs survived for at least 4 weeks in biochemically defined medium. The immunomagnetic separation method has been demonstrated to be effective, reproducible, and quantitative for separation of MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Silani
- Institute of Neurology, University of Milan Medical School, IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Italy
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Abstract
1. The contribution of various ionic currents to diastolic depolarization (DD) in rabbit sinoatrial myocytes was evaluated by the action potential clamp technique. Individual currents were identified, during sustained pacemaking activity reproduced under voltage clamp conditions, according to their sensitivity to specific channel blockers. 2. The current sensitive to dihydropyridines (DHPs), blockers of L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L), was small and outward during most of DD. Diastolic DHP-sensitive current was affected by changes in the driving force for K+, but it was insensitive to E-4031, which blocks the current termed IK,r; it was abolished by cell dialysis with a Ca2+ chelator. 3. The current sensitive to 2 mM Cs+ (ICs), a blocker of hyperpolarization-activated current (I(f)), was inward during the whole DD and it was substantially larger than the net inward current flowing during this phase. However, diastolic IK,r, identified in the same cells as the current sensitive to the blocker E-4031, exceeded ICs 2-fold. 4. These findings suggest that: (a) Ca2+ influx during the pacemaker cycle increases a K+ conductance, thus inverting the direction of the net current generated by L-type Ca2+ channel activity during DD; (b) the magnitude of I(f) would be adequate to account fully for DD; however, the coexistence of a larger IK,r suggests that other channels besides I(f) contribute inward current during this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaza
- Department of General Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Milano, Italy.
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