12
|
Galhardoni R, Aparecida da Silva V, García-Larrea L, Dale C, Baptista AF, Barbosa LM, Menezes LMB, de Siqueira SRDT, Valério F, Rosi J, de Lima Rodrigues AL, Reis Mendes Fernandes DT, Lorencini Selingardi PM, Marcolin MA, Duran FLDS, Ono CR, Lucato LT, Fernandes AMBL, da Silva FEF, Yeng LT, Brunoni AR, Buchpiguel CA, Teixeira MJ, Ciampi de Andrade D. Insular and anterior cingulate cortex deep stimulation for central neuropathic pain: Disassembling the percept of pain. Neurology 2019; 92:e2165-e2175. [PMID: 30952795 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the analgesic effects of stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) or the posterior superior insula (PSI) against sham deep (d) repetitive (r) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients with central neuropathic pain (CNP) after stroke or spinal cord injury in a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, 3-arm parallel study. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated into the active PSI-rTMS, ACC-rTMS, sham-PSI-rTMS, or sham-ACC-rTMS arms. Stimulations were performed for 12 weeks, and a comprehensive clinical and pain assessment, psychophysics, and cortical excitability measurements were performed at baseline and during treatment. The main outcome of the study was pain intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS]) after the last stimulation session. RESULTS Ninety-eight patients (age 55.02 ± 12.13 years) completed the study. NRS score was not significantly different between groups at the end of the study. Active rTMS treatments had no significant effects on pain interference with daily activities, pain dimensions, neuropathic pain symptoms, mood, medication use, cortical excitability measurements, or quality of life. Heat pain threshold was significantly increased after treatment in the PSI-dTMS group from baseline (1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-3.06]) compared to sham-dTMS (-1.02, 95% CI -2.10 to 0.04, p = 0.014), and ACC-dTMS caused a significant decrease in anxiety scores (-2.96, 95% CI -4.1 to -1.7]) compared to sham-dTMS (-0.78, 95% CI -1.9 to 0.3; p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS ACC- and PSI-dTMS were not different from sham-dTMS for pain relief in CNP despite a significant antinociceptive effect after insular stimulation and anxiolytic effects of ACC-dTMS. These results showed that the different dimensions of pain can be modulated in humans noninvasively by directly stimulating deeper SNC cortical structures without necessarily affecting clinical pain per se. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01932905.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Galhardoni
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Valquíria Aparecida da Silva
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Luís García-Larrea
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Camila Dale
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Abrahão F Baptista
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Luciana Mendonça Barbosa
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Luciana Mendes Bahia Menezes
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Silvia R D T de Siqueira
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Fernanda Valério
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Jefferson Rosi
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Antonia Lilian de Lima Rodrigues
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Diego Toledo Reis Mendes Fernandes
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Priscila Mara Lorencini Selingardi
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marco Antônio Marcolin
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Fábio Luís de Souza Duran
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Carla Rachel Ono
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Leandro Tavares Lucato
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Ana Mércia B L Fernandes
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Fábio E F da Silva
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Lin T Yeng
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - André R Brunoni
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Carlos A Buchpiguel
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Manoel J Teixeira
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- From the Pain Center (L.M.B., L.M.B.M., R.D.T.d.S., F.V., J.R., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo; Pain Center (R.G.G., V.S., A.L.d.L.R., D.T.R.M.F., P.M.L.S., M.A.M., S.R.D.T.d.S., A.M.B.L.F., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), LIM62 Neurosurgery LIM, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (L.T.Y.), Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) (F.L.d.S.D.), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (R.G.G., V.S., A.R.B., M.J.T., D.C.d.A.), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroradiology Section (L.T.L., F.E.F.d.S.), Instituto de Radiologia, and Department of Radiology (C.R.O., C.A.B.), University of São Paulo School of Medicine; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (A.F.B.), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo; School of Medicine (R.G.G.), University of City of São Paulo; Department of Anatomy (C.D.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, Brazil; and Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) (L.G.-L.), Lyon Centre for Neurosciences, Inserm U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|